20 research outputs found
Trends in Using IoT with Machine Learning in Health Prediction System
No full textMachine learning (ML) is a powerful tool that delivers insights hidden in Internet of Things (IoT) data. These hybrid technologies work smartly to improve the decision-making process in different areas such as education, security, business, and the healthcare industry. ML empowers the IoT to demystify hidden patterns in bulk data for optimal prediction and recommendation systems. Healthcare has embraced IoT and ML so that automated machines make medical records, predict disease diagnoses, and, most importantly, conduct real-time monitoring of patients. Individual ML algorithms perform differently on different datasets. Due to the predictive results varying, this might impact the overall results. The variation in prediction results looms large in the clinical decision-making process. Therefore, it is essential to understand the different ML algorithms used to handle IoT data in the healthcare sector. This article highlights well-known ML algorithms for classification and prediction and demonstrates how they have been used in the healthcare sector. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview of existing ML approaches and their application in IoT medical data. In a thorough analysis, we observe that different ML prediction algorithms have various shortcomings. Depending on the type of IoT dataset, we need to choose an optimal method to predict critical healthcare data. The paper also provides some examples of IoT and machine learning to predict future healthcare system trends.</jats:p
THE PRODUCTION AND PERCEPTION OF EMPHASIS IN QASSIMI ARABIC
No full textThis work is embargoed by the author and will not be publicly available until December 2025.This dissertation explores emphasis effects (EE) in Qassimi Arabic (QA), examining whether EE functions as a phonetic or phonological process. EE is a well-documented phenomenon in Arabic linguistics, involving the influence of emphatic consonants on neighboring segments (Ghazali, 1977; Card, 1983; Davis, 1995; among others). The study also investigates emphasis perception in QA, specifically whether EE cues assist native QA listeners in identifying preceding or following consonants as emphatic or plain.As prior research exploring EE in various Arabic varieties has revealed variation among them, and limited research exists on emphasis perception by native Arabic listeners, this dissertation addresses these gaps by examining EE production and emphasis perception in the understudied variety of QA. In the production experiment, dynamic aspects of leftward and rightward EE on QA vowels were examined by analyzing second formants (F2) at 11 temporal points. Results indicate that leftward EE had a categorical effect on non-high vowels [a] and [aː], as well as the high front vowel [i], impacting them throughout their duration, providing evidence for it being a phonological process in QA. In contrast, rightward EE primarily affected the vowel onset, suggesting it as a gradual phonetic process rather than a categorical phonological one. In the perception experiments, the perceptual correlates of emphasis in QA were investigated using the gating paradigm (Grosjean, 1980). Native QA listeners accurately identified the following consonant using leftward EE cues, even within the shortest gate containing one-third of the vowel, indicating proficiency in using leftward EE cues throughout the vowel. However, for rightward EE cues, accuracy in identifying the preceding consonant as emphatic or plain improved significantly only when the entire vowel duration was audible. These findings align with the production experiment, confirming leftward EE as a phonological process and rightward EE as a phonetic process. The dissertation’s results have implications for understanding EE and emphasis perception in QA, emphasizing the importance of considering both phonological and phonetic processes when investigating EE and highlighting the significance of coarticulatory information in rightward emphasis perception. This nuanced understanding advances research into emphasis across Arabic varieties and Semitic languages.2025-12-1
Extending a Reactive Expression Language with Data Update Actions for End-User Application Authoring
No full textMavo is a small extension to the HTML language that empowers non-programmers to create simple web applications. Authors can mark up any normal HTML document with attributes that specify data elements that Mavo makes editable and persists. But while applications authored with Mavo allow users to edit individual data items, they do not offer any programmatic data actions that can act in customizable ways on large collections of data simultaneously or that modify data according to a computation. We explore an extension to the Mavo language that enables non-programmers to author these richer data update actions. We show that it lets authors create a more powerful set of applications than they could previously, while adding little additional complexity to the authoring process. Through user evaluations, we assess how closely our data update syntax matches how novice authors would instinctively express such actions, and how well they are able to use the syntax we provided
ScrAPIr: Making Web Data APIs Accessible to End Users
No full textUsers have long struggled to extract and repurpose data from websites by laboriously copying or scraping content from web pages. An alternative is to write scripts that pull data through APIs. This provides a cleaner way to access data than scraping; however, APIs are effortful for programmers and nigh-impossible for non-programmers to use. In this work, we empower users to access APIs without programming. We evolve a schema for declaratively specifying how to interact with a data API. We then develop ScrAPIr: a standard query GUI that enables users to fetch data through any API for which a specification exists, and a second GUI that lets users author and share the specification for a given API. From a lab evaluation, we find that even non-programmers can access APIs using ScrAPIr, while programmers can access APIs 3.8 times faster on average using ScrAPIr than using programming
Argument Structure in Arabic: Lexicon or Syntax?
No full textabstract: A question that has driven much of the current research in formal syntax is whether it is the lexicon or the syntax that determines the argument structure of a verb. This dissertation attempts to answer this question with a focus on Arabic, a language that has received little attention in the literature of argument structure. In this dissertation, argument structure realization is examined in relation to three different components, namely the root, the CV-skeleton and the structure around the verb. I argue that argument structure is not determined on a root level in Arabic. I also show that only few CV-skeletons (verb patterns) are associated with certain argument structures. Instead, the burden of determining argument structure lies on elements around the structure of VP. The determinants of inner aspect in Arabic and the relation between eventuality types and argument structure are also examined. A cartographic model is provided to show how elements around the VP play a role in determining the inner aspect. This model also represents a relationship between argument structure and eventuality types. The question of what determines argument structure is further addressed through the investigation of the causative/inchoative alternation in Arabic in light of recent semantic and syntactic accounts. I argue that most Arabic verbs that undergo the alternation are non-agentive change-of-state verbs. Although certain lexical characteristics may account for which verbs alternate and which do not, exceptions within a language and/or across languages do exist. I point to a range of phenomena that can be only explained from syntactic points of view.Dissertation/ThesisPh.D. English 201
Synthesis of carbon microspheres via hydrothermal carbonization of Sabal palms (<em>Sabal palmetto</em>) biomass for adsorption of methylene blue
No full text\ua9 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. In this paper, we report new findings on the synthesis of carbon microspheres from a biomass precursor (Sabal palmetto) using one-step hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. The carbonization process involved predominantly dehydration process with partial occurrence of decarboxylation. The microspheres were analyzed using elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The produced microspheres were applied as adsorbents for sorption of an industrial dye (methylene blue) in which the data showed good fitting to the Langmuir model. The sub-micron-sized microspheres exhibited interesting textural characteristics—relatively low surface areas and porosities with presence of oxgenated functional groups (total = 0.4 to 0.5 mmol/g) on the surface. The work presented in this contribution involves themes on sustainable usage of resources (i.e., biomass), production of useful industrial microparticles, and direct application in wastewater purification
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Cost-effectiveness of Favipiravir in moderately to severely ill COVID-19 patients in the real-world setting of Saudi arabian pandemic referral hospitals
No full textPurpose: We aimed to evaluate the cost effectiveness of Favipiravir treatment versus standard of care (SC) in moderately to severely ill COVID-19 patients from the Saudi healthcare payer perspective. Methods: We used the patient-level simulation method to simulate a cohort of 415 patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 disease who were admitted to two Saudi COVID-19 referral hospitals: 220 patients on Favipiravir and 195 patients on SC. We estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of Favipiravir versus SC in terms of the probability to be discharged alive from hospital and the mean time in days to discharge one patient alive. The model was performed twice: first, using unweighted, and second, using weighted clinical and economic data. Weighting using the inverse weight probability method was performed to achieve balance in baseline characteristics. Results: In the unweighted model, base case (probabilistic) ICER estimates favored Favipiravir at savings of Saudi Riyal (SAR)1,611,511 (SAR1,998,948) per 1% increase in the probability of being discharged alive. As to mean time to discharging one patient alive, ICERs favored Favipiravir at savings of SAR11,498 (SAR11,125). Similar results were observed in the weighted model with savings using Favipiravir of SAR1,514,893 (SAR2,453,551) per 1% increase in the probability of being discharged alive, and savings of SAR11,989 (SAR11,277) for each day a patient is discharged alive. Conclusion: From the payer perspective, the addition of Favipiravir in moderately to severely ill COVID-19 patients was cost-savings over SC. Favipiravir was associated with a higher probability of discharging patients alive and lower daily spending on hospitalization than SC. © 2023 The Author(s)Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
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Use of oral iron in managing iron deficiency anemia in children with intestinal failure
No full textBackground & Objectives: As intestinal failure (IF) inhibits the digestive system from absorbing nutrients, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is required to provide all of a person's nutritional demands. In children with malabsorptive conditions like IF, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common. This study used a quasi-experimental approach to assess the efficacy and safety of oral iron therapy in treating IDA in TPN-dependent children with IF. Materials and Methods: Sixteen pediatric patients with an ongoing history of IF, TPN dependency, and iron deficiency anemia were enrolled and given an oral iron syrup dose of ferric hydroxide polymaltose complex (6 mg/kg/day in 2–3 separate doses of elemental iron) after receiving ethical approval and parental consent. Blood tests were done to measure serum iron, ferritin, complete iron-binding capacity [TIBC], transferrin saturation [TSAT], and hemoglobin (Hb) level at the time of inclusion (T0), 14 (T14), and 30 days after treatment (T30). Results: The mean age was 7.13 (±1.99) and female were 12 (75%). No remarkable change in Hb level was noted in the first and second subsequent follow-ups, notwithstanding, the normal estimation of the serum ferritin level significantly increased during the first follow-up (on fourteenth day) which further enhanced by second follow-up (30th day). The aggregate of the total iron binding capacity (TIBC) declined during the course of oral iron therapy with a reduction in transferrin saturation. Interpretation & Conclusion: The data suggest that oral iron therapy is unsuccessful in the treatment of IDA in children with IF. There is no substantial improvement in hemoglobin level or iron profile aside from serum ferritin. In order to avoid using parenteral iron in IF patients, an additional supportive system is needed to aid in the integration of oral iron therapy. © 2021 The Author(s)Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
