1,720,967 research outputs found
Le guerre di Putin
No full textDai conflitti ceceni all'incursione militare in Georgia, dall'annessione della Crimea alla campagna siriana e all'invasione su larga scala dell'Ucraina, le guerre di Putin hanno inesorabilmente ridisegnato la Russia del XXI secolo e pesantemente condizionato gli assetti geopolitici europei e mondiali. Questo volume, scritto da uno dei maggiori esperti internazionali della Russia moderna, propone una panoramica puntuale dei conflitti in cui la Russia è piombata da quando Putin è diventato primo ministro e poi presidente. In senso più ampio, ripercorre la ricostruzione del potere militare russo operata da questo autoritario ex ufficiale del KGB: riformando e riequipaggiando le forze armate, avvalendosi di milizie mercenarie e facendo ampio ricorso anche alle strategie della moderna "guerra ibrida" (in primis, la manipolazione dell'informazione). Ma se nella nuova Guerra Fredda con l'Occidente Putin si è affidato alla forza militare per espandere la sfera di influenza russa, Galeotti non ignora i fallimenti tattici e strategici a cui il Cremlino è andato spesso incontro nella lotta per la supremazia, in particolare durante l'invasione dell'Ucraina. E nel prevedere i nuovi scenari di questa guerra, ipotizza anche le future relazioni militari e politiche tra la Russia e i Paesi vicini, compresa la Cina. Ricco di aneddoti e testimonianze di prima mano, anche da parte di ufficiali russi in servizio e in pensione, Tutte le guerre di Putin è una storia coinvolgente e illuminante sul risvegliato Orso russo. Non c'è momento migliore per capire come e perché Putin abbia dispiegato le sue forze armate in così tante guerre
Which language do interpreters use in Consecutive Interpreting?
Full text linkThis paper is based on a study about Consecutive Interpreting notes used by interpreters. In Consecutive Interpreting, note-taking facilitates the interpreter’s job in not overloading the interpreters’ processing capacity and memory. This paper in particular investigates which language is chosen by the interpreters in note taking, whether the A-language or the B-language as well as the source language or the target language, what are the reasons behind this choice, and if the third language (or C-language) influences the note-taking, by analysing consecutive notes of students in English-Italian and German-Italian language pairs
Ambiguity resolution in Italian-German Simultaneous Interpreting
No full textFor interpreters, ambiguity is meant as a potential obstacle, as they have to simultaneously translate in the shortest time possible and find a prompt solution to resolve the lexical or syntactic ambiguity by applying different strategies, i.e. omission, reformulation, increase of décalage, self-correction, already investigated by other researchers (Kalina 1998; Riccardi 1996, 1998, 2003, 2006; Bevilacqua 2009).
Ambiguity is a variable that can hinder both students and professional interpreters during simultaneous interpreting (Morelli 2010).
The aim of this paper is to present the results and observations of an empirical study regarding ambiguity resolution in Italian-German Simultaneous Interpreting and to compare results with the findings obtained from a previous investigation carried out for the Italian-Spanish language pair (Morelli 2005, 2010).
The present study involved 6 participants: 2 professional simultaneous interpreters, 2 new graduate students (with no working experience) and 2 LM1 students (i.e. students at the beginning of their Master’s Degree) in order to compare the different strategies adopted in coping with ambiguous segments.
The analysis of results is based on recordings and transcriptions (Heritage & Hatkinson, 1984) of the interpreted texts, with the intention of analysing the strategies adopted by the interpreters during the experiment and not the mistakes (Morelli 2005, 2009).
Results are compared with the findings obtained from a previous investigation on ambiguity resolution carried out for the Italian-Spanish language pair (Morelli 2005, 2009)
Consecutive Interpreting note-taking: students’ and interpreters’ language choice
No full textIn Consecutive Interpreting, note-taking facilitates the interpreters’ job so that
their memory and processing capacity are not overloaded (Gile 1995), referring
to Consecutive Interpreting as the oral translation of the source text speech at one
time or in segments, thanks to the support of the prise the notes (Giambagli
1999). Consecutive interpreting is carried out without headphones, and
interpreters are next to the speaker: they listen to the source text speech and take
notes using a particular note-taking technique. This contribution, based on a comparison of Consecutive Interpreting notes taken by students and interpreters, investigates in particular which language is preferred
by students and by interpreters in note-taking, and it aims at trying to give an
answer to the students’ questions. According to a previous investigation carried
out (Baselli 2012), analysis of the consecutive interpreting notes of students
leads to the hypothesis that notes are taken in the A language or source language
when they coincide. When they do not coincide, when interpreters
translate from the B or C language into the A language, it is not possible to state
that the A-language is their favourite language
Developing a new CAI-tool for RSI Interpreters’ Training: a pilot study
No full textOver the past few years, new technologies in the field of Interpreting have greatly
reshaped the way interpreters work, leading to a technological turn in Simultaneous Interpreting (Fantinuoli 2018), due to the increasing use of Remote Simultaneous Interpreting (RSI) and Computer Assisted Interpreting Tools (CAI tools). When there is no human boothmate, AI-based CAI-tools are becoming “artificial boothmates” (Fantinuoli 2017), which support the interpreter before and while they deliver Simultaneous Interpreting services through automatic terminology lookup, key term identification, automatic speech recognition, real-time speech transcription, and number highlighting.
While a few researchers have investigated the field of Computer Assisted Interpreting, e.g. Fantinuoli (2017; 2018; 2019), Prandi (2018; 2020), Frittella (2022; 2023) and Defrancq (2020), more research into Computer Assisted Interpreting Training is needed, so that new technologies may be integrated into interpreter training and workflow, given their potential to help interpreters face this technological breakthrough.
This pilot study, conducted within the IULM research project “Collaboration for translation and interpreting: tools and teaching applications”, focuses on investigating the training of interpreting students on these new technologies in collaboration with the RSI-platform Converso Education by integrating the RSI-platform with a new CAI tool specifically developed for teaching purposes.
To the best of our knowledge, this RSI-platform with CAI tool specifically developed for interpreting students based on their needs is the first of its kind
Designing a Multimodal Corpus of ELF in LSP: Sustainable Data Collection and Analysis
No full textELF and Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) appear to be intrinsically intertwined phenomena in the interpreting practice (see Albl-Mikasa 2010; 2013) and deserve to be one of the core topics in formal interpreter training. To explore and model the impact of ELF in LSP on interpreting students, we have designed a case study adapted from Bale (2013). Here, authentic video recorded LSP conferences in ELF scenarios are used as teaching material in MA level English-to-Italian SI classes. Primary teaching objectives are exposing students to real life situations and raising their awareness on quality benchmarks. In this case study, teaching material is being gathered in a multimodal corpus along with the audio recordings and transcriptions of the student’s interpreted text, and an in-depth terminology analysis of the source texts. The resulting corpus is designed as a dynamic unit and its benefits are at least threefold: It can help i) modeling the impact of ELF in LSP on the students’ performance, ii) providing new insights for developing teaching material tailored to the students’ skills and learning objectives, and iii) getting an improved understanding of LSP patterns in ELF. To triangulate all data sources in our corpus, we have integrated an ad hoc analytical workflow in the corpus design. Our workflow includes two steps, tackling text preprocessing and analytics respectively. This analytical paradigm provides for data scalability and result reproducibility, and helps reducing the bias arising from a purely human performed analysis. Some preliminary results will be presented
Ambiguity Resolution in LSP English-Italian Simultaneous Interpreting
No full textFor interpreters, ambiguity presents a potential obstacle to comprehension, as they have to simultaneously translate within stringent time constraints and find a prompt and correct solution to resolve lexical or syntactic ambiguities by applying different strategies, i.e. omission, reformulation, increase of décalage and self-correction, already investigated by other researchers (Kalina 1992; Gile 1995; Riccardi 1996, 1998, 2003, 2006). So far, ambiguity in Simultaneous Interpretation has not been widely investigated, especially in Medical English. Ambiguity is a variable that can hinder both students and professional interpreters during simultaneous interpreting (Morelli 2009), especially in medical conferences. For the purpose of the present study, we decided to focus on the ambiguity of Premodified Noun Phrases (PNP), whose high frequency (Gotti, 1991), and complexity can pose a challenge to interpreters (Pignataro, 2010). The aim of this paper is to investigate the strategies adopted during simultaneous interpreting in order to cope with ambiguous segments containing PNPs, in the language combination English Italian. The typology of texts pertains to the LSP sub-genre and the directionality is English-Italian, where English is the B language and Italian the A language (Gile, 2005). Results are compared with the findings obtained from a previous investigation on ambiguity resolution carried out for Italian-Spanish language pair (Morelli 2005, 2009). The study involves 6 participants: 2 professional simultaneous interpreters, 2 new graduate students (with no working experience) and 2 LM1 students (i.e. students at the beginning of Second Cycle Degree).
The analysis of results is based on recordings and transcriptions (Heritage & Hatkinson, 1984) of the interpreted texts, with the intention of analyzing the strategies adopted by the interpreters during the experiment and not the mistakes (Morelli 2005, 2009).
The ultimate goal is to apply the results of this empirical study to interpreting teaching methodologies
The Avatar-Interpreter: Simultaneous Interpreting using VR Headsets
Full text linkWhile technological innovation has significantly changed the
interpreters’ work, few professionals seem to have interpreted in the Metaverse or in
Virtual Reality (VR). Limited data are available on simultaneous interpreting (SI) in
virtual environments. This paper investigates the feasibility of simultaneously
interpreting using VR headsets through a study conducted on 20 students enrolled in
the Master's degree programme in Conference Interpreting at IULM University. The
study focuses on turn-taking and the need for handover during simultaneous
interpreting in VR, leading to the assumption that SI using VR headsets is feasible
and constitutes a stimulating and immersive experience for interpreters. Data from
this study suggest that SI shifts using VR headsets in virtual reality and in the
Metaverse by means of avatars can last up to 20 minutes, followed by longer breaks
to allow interpreters to rest from the stimuli and cognitive load perceived as
considerably high in virtual environments
- …
