1,720,955 research outputs found
The Evolution of the English Language: From Origins to Modernity
Get PDFThe English language is an exceptional linguistic system that has fascinatingly evolved over time. English has been affected by a variety of influences and circumstances, from its beginnings as a Germanic language spoken by tribes in what is now England to its current role as a worldwide lingua franca. The vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation of English have undergone substantial changes over its history, reflecting the intricate interplay between cultures, communities, and technological breakthroughs. This article traces the history of the English language, emphasizing the key factors that have influenced its form and structure along the way
Inefficiency of Online Education in Unreformed Educational System in Iraq: A Literature Review
Get PDFThe efficiency of online education varied across institutions, sectors, and countries. It is noteworthy that while switching to online learning helped to remedy the difficult situation during the pandemic in 2020, the weaknesses that arose from it were largely consistent across various domains. While the majority claimed that the main issue was disinterested or indifferent students, others believed that online education was a relatively new strategy that should be highlighted and studied both during and after the pandemic because it would be impossible to return to focusing solely on traditional education in the modern era. Integrating the online method into the curriculum means reshaping the approaches used by the teachers in the first place. This confirmed approach is more linked to the new digital era of education. A step to be taken here is to have the learners aware of the changes and the requirements by doing courses, workshops, and seminars on the ways that may be followed together with the teachers and the administration which would ultimately reduce the burden on the educators, parents, and society
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DEMOTIVATING FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CONSISTENCY OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN LEARNING ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN KRG OF IRAQ
Get PDFThe paper explores demotivating factors that influence the consistency of learning the English language of undergraduate students. A lot of research has been done to examine the demotivation of students; however, very little research has focused on exploring the demotivating components affecting the consistency of learning a language in the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq. This work comprises students from diverse backgrounds, ages, and faculties at Tishk International University in Erbil, Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq. A quantitative approach was chosen as a means of research design the results of which were analyzed with SPSS (version 27). The findings of the study revealed three major and three minor factors that affect the learners’ consistency in English language development. This research provides significant insights and understanding of the obstacles the students face during their English language learning journey
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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