6 research outputs found
PREVALENCE AND POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN A SAMPLE OF CHILDREN IN TWO SELECTED AREAS IN YEMEN
No full textObjective: The global epidemic of hepatitis B is a significant public health problem. The endemicity of HBV infection used to be believed high in Yemen. Data for the prevalence of HBsAg among children in rural and urban areas in Yemen is scarce and incompetent. The study was made to determine prevalence of HB surface antigen among children in 2 selected areas in Yemen.
Methods: Eight hundred forty and 212 children were randomly chosen from Sana'a city and Shabowah governorate, respectively. Sera were tested for HBs antigen by ELISA technique, and HB genome was tested for positive HB surface antigen specimens to confirm positivity using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test. Each data collected in a pre-designed questionnaire including sex, age, and risk factors of HBV and prior vaccine of HBV.
Results: The prevalence of HB surface antigen among children in Sana'a city was only 1.8%, and in Shabowah governorate was 3.8%. There was a significant association of non-vaccinated children, birth by cesarean, and with a history of parental exposure with contracting HBV infection.Conclusion: Evidence from these studies in Yemen suggests that there is a steady increase in exposure to HBV over a lifetime. Hospital-acquired HBV infection is common in Yemen, and high vaccination coverage rate should be achieved, particularly in rural areas, in parallel with health education.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 April 2019; Revised 8 May; Accepted 29 June; Available online 15 July 2019
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Aya Mohammed Mohammed Essawy, MTI University- Mokattam, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Dalia Kamal Zaffar Ali, Modern University for technology and information, Egypt, [email protected]
Antibacterial Activity of Citrus Juices against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
No full textThis study aimed to see the inhibitory activity of Citrus Juices against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus,and to compare with the inhibitory activity of some antibiotics. Several Citrus juice concentration of 100%,75%,50% and 25%, which were diluted with distilled water after filtration through bacterial filter(Millipore).Result indicated that the best antibacterial activity was observed in 100%,75%,50% and 25% (v/v) concentrationsfor the three types of Citrus juices only but there were no antimicrobial activities in 100%,75%,50%and 25% concentrating for the one types of Citrus juices that C.tangerina (mandarin orange)on same bacteria,on the other hand all the 30 MRSA isolates showed a high level of resistance to aminoglycosides group, with rate reached to 5 isolates (16.6%) for streptomycin,11isolates(36%)for amikacin,15 isolates (50%) for gentamicin,19 isolates(63.3%)for kanamycin. All the isolates showed sensitive for streptomycin antibiotic, the isolates showed these resistance to all antibiotics amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin . Keywords :Citrus Juices ,Antibacterial,Staphylococcus aureu
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Solanum Lycopersicum Extract against some Pathogenic Bacteria
No full textThe aqueous extract of tomato evaluated for activity against medically important bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. , Pseudomonas sp Acinetobacter, this research was screened the capability of the extract to inhibit the growth of some isolated bacteria. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method. The aqueous tomato extract showed the maximum antimicrobial activity when diluted with honey than diluted with distal water . Sensitivity and resistance to extract and antibiotic varied from bacteria to another but Solanum lycopersicum proved active effects against all bacteria at pure extract without resistance with inhibition zone ranged(35-50) mm when we mixed Solanum lycopersicum with honey. The extract exhibited the higher activity until in diluted concentrations ,comparative by using the extract alone . The use of tomato extract with known antimicrobial properties, can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments in vivo. Keywords: tomato, Solanum lycopersicum ,aqueous extract, antibacterial activity, diluted with distal water &hone
Deep Learning-Based Intrusion Detection System for Detecting IoT Botnet Attacks: A Review
No full textThe proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has brought about an increased threat of botnet attacks, necessitating robust security measures. In response to this evolving landscape, deep learning (DL)-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) have emerged as a promising approach for detecting and mitigating botnet activities in IoT environments. Therefore, this paper thoroughly reviews existing literature on botnet detection in the IoT using DL-based IDS. It consolidates and analyzes a wide range of research papers, highlighting key findings, methodologies, advancements, shortcomings, and challenges in the field. Additionally, we performed a qualitative comparison with existing surveys using author-defined metrics to underscore the uniqueness of this survey. We also discuss challenges, limitations, and future research directions, emphasizing the distinctive contributions of our review. Ultimately, this survey serves as a guideline for future researchers, contributing to the advancement of botnet detection methods in IoT environments and enhancing security against botnet threats
Effect of water deficit and foliar application of amino acids on growth and yield of eggplant irrigated by two drip systems under greenhouse conditions
No full textSaabunud / Received 22.08.2020 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 27.10.2020 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 27.10.2020 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Jaafar Hamdi e-mail: [email protected] deficit in semiarid areas limits eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) production and growth indicators. Suitable drip irrigation system and foliar application of amino acids may help overcome water deficit. In this work, the effects of drip irrigation system [Grand flow regulators (GR) and T-Tape], water deficit (50, 75, 100% based on field capacity) and foliar application of amino acids at 0, 100 and 200 mg L–1 on water relation of leaf's, yield and field water use efficiency (WUEf) of eggplant were studied. The experiments were arranged in a split-split plot design within a completely randomized distribution each repeated three times. GR irrigation system treatment produced the highest relative water content (RWC), most yield (TY), WUEf and the lowest of water saturation deficit (WSD) which were 74.71%, 6.50%, 5.97 t ha–1, 2.11 kg m–3 and 23.09%, respectively. The lowest water uptake capacity (WUC) and relative membrane permeability (RMP) was obtained in T-Tape irrigation system treatment (0.43% and 59.45%, respectively). The 100% irrigation level revealed higher RWC (79.32%), WSD (7.38%), most TY (6.93 t ha–1), the least of WSD (18.00%), WUC (0.28%) and RMP (39.40%). The maximum of WUEf (2.37 kg m–3) was obtained from 50% irrigation level. The foliar application of 200 mg L–1 Amino acids rate resulted in significantly maximum RWC (81.50%), WRC (7.19%), TY (6.75 t ha–1) and WUEf (2.51 kg m–3) and least WSD (15.88%), WUC (0.33%), RMP (52.02%). GR drip irrigation system is best for water use efficiency; 200 mg L–1 Amino acids produced the best response for most studied traits
Phylogenetic lineages in the Capnodiales
No full textThe Capnodiales incorporates plant and human pathogens, endophytes, saprobes and epiphytes, with a wide range of nutritional modes. Several species are lichenised, or occur as parasites on fungi, or animals. The aim of the present study was to use DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes to test the monophyly of the Capnodiales, and resolve families within the order. We designed primers to allow the amplification and sequencing of almost the complete nuclear ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes. Other than the Capnodiaceae (sooty moulds), and the Davidiellaceae, which contains saprobes and plant pathogens, the order presently incorporates families of major plant pathological importance such as the Mycosphaerellaceae, Teratosphaeriaceae and Schizothyriaceae. The Piedraiaceae was not supported, but resolves in the Teratosphaeriaceae. The Dissoconiaceae is introduced as a new family to accommodate Dissoconium and Ramichloridium. Lichenisation, as well as the ability to be saprobic or plant pathogenic evolved more than once in several families, though the taxa in the upper clades of the tree lead us to conclude that the strictly plant pathogenic, nectrotrophic families evolved from saprobic ancestors (Capnodiaceae), which is the more primitive stat
