1,721,035 research outputs found
Isolasi Senyawa Flavonoida dari Daun Benalu Tumbuhan Coklat (Dendrophthoe flosculosa Danser)
No full textIsolation of flavonoid compounds from parasite of cocoa (Dendrophthoe flosculosa
Danser)performed by extracted maceration using methanol solvent. Concentrated
methanol extract then dissolved with ethyl acetate for tannins separations. Ethyl acetate
extract then filtered. Concentrated ethyl acetate extract is dissolved with methanol and
partition extracted with n-hexane. Concentrated methanol extract of acidified with HCl
2N and then partitioned with chloroform. Concentrated chloroform extracts was separated
by column chromatography with stationary phase silica gel 60 F254 and n-hexane eluent :
ethyl acetate 90:10 ; 80:20; 70:30 ; 60:40 (v/v). The fraction from n-hexane : ethyl acetate
(60:40) v / v was purified and analyzed by thin layer chromatography to produce a single
stain that indicates the purity of isolated compound and have produced tawny gum with a
mass = 13.3 mg, and Rf = 0.38. Furthermore, the compound was analyzed by UV-Visible,
Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT – IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopy (1H – NMR). From the data analysis and interpretation of spectroscopic,
alleged that the isolated compound was flavonoid compound, flavanone class.67 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Pengaruh Suhu pada Crude Oil Tank (COT) terhadap Kadar Air dari Minyak Sawit Mentah (CPO) di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit PTPN. IV Kebun Adolina
No full textThe water content in Crude Palm Oil could damage the quality of Crude Palm Oil because water is material in the hydrolysis reaction. Emphasis of water content can be done almost on whole machines on clarification station at Crude Palm Oil factory with provide heat or steam so that increasing of water content does not occured. As in the Crude Oil Tank (COT), which is a rouge crude palm oil shelter, provided heat with temperature 90 - 95OC in order to reduce the water content of the crude palm oil.33 HalamanKertas Karya Diplom
Analisis Residu Pestisida Golongan Piretroid (Lamda Sihalotrin) pada Sayuran Brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. italic) dengan Metode Kromatografi Gas
Full text linkAn analysis of the residue levels of pyrethroid pesticides (lamda cyhalothrin) on
broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italic) has been carried out using a gas
chromatography apparatus dan the extraction method. In the experimental sequence,
the samples were cut into pieces and dissolved with acetone, dichloromethane and
petroleum ether, mashed with ultra turax and allowed to stand until the filtrate and
residue separate.The filtrate will be dried using a rotary evaporator and the result will
be dissolved in isooctane and toluene in a ratio (90:10) and put into a test tube. Then
determine the yield of the extract injected 1-2 μL in a gas chromatograph equipped
with a specific detector for compounds containing elemental phosphorus (FPD) and
(AFID). From the results of the analysis carried out, it was obtained that the pesticide
residue levels in Broccoli in Langkat Regency contained 0.164 mg/kg while in
Simalungun Regency broccoli there was 0.168 mg/kg and in Broccoli in Humbang
Hasundutan No (not detected) the presence of pesticide residues of the pyrethroid
group with the active ingredient Lamda Cyhalotrin.48 HalamanKertas Karya Diplom
Pengujian Kadar COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) pada Limbah Cair Minyak Kelapa Sawit di PT. Shafera Enviro Laboratorium
No full textChemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is the amount of oxygen needed to oxidize organic substances in the waste. Testing the levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) on samples of palm oil effluent was carried out at PT. SHAFERA ENVIRO LABORATORIUM. To determine the levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) uses the titrimetric method. Based on the results, COD level testing in oil palm waste in the sample with the code II-12 was 1523.2 mg/L, the sample with the code II-13 COD levels was 228.4 mg/L. From the results of the analysis of COD levels in the sample with code II-13, they met the quality standards set by the Minister of the environment, namely 350 mg/l, the samples with code II-12 exceeds the maximum quality standard of COD levels.Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) adalah jumlah oksigen yang dibutuhkan untuk mengoksidasi zat-zat organik yang ada pada limbah. Pengujian kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) pada sampel limbah cair kelapa sawit dilakukan di PT. SHAFERA ENVIRO LABORATORIUM MEDAN. Untuk menentukan Kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ini menggunakan metode Titrimetri. Dari hasil analisa pada pengujian kadar COD pada sampel limbah cair kelapa sawit dengan kode sampel II-12 sebesar 1523,2 mg/L; dan pada sampel dengan kode sampel II-13 kadar COD sebesar 228,4 mg/L. Dari hasil analisa kadar COD pada Sampel dengan kode II-13 telah memenuhi standart baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan oleh Menteri lingkungan hidup yaitu 350 mg/l sedangkan sampel dengan kode II-12 kadar COD nya melampai batas maksimal baku mutu.32 halamanKertas Karya Diplom
Karakterisasi Edible Film yang Bersifat Antioksidan dan Antimikroba Dari Galaktomanan Biji Aren (Arenga Pinnata) yang Diinkorporasi Dengan Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Basilicum L.)
No full textCharacterization of edible film from galactomannan was incorporated with basil
essential oil has been done. Edible films which obtained from galactomannan were
GK1, GK2, GK3, GK4 and GK5, all of they have antioxidants activities with the
largest activity in GK4. GK2, GK4 and GK5 films also have antimicrobial
activities where the most activities of the antimicrobial present in GK5. Thick films
obtained from 0.038 to 0.061 mm and WVP of 4.92 x 10-9 - 10.90 x 10-9 kg s-1m-
1Pa. FT-IR showed the interaction between the components of basil essential oil
with galactomannan. The addition of basil essential oil can decreased tensile
strength and elongation (GK3 and GK4). The surface of morphology showed that
basil essential oil can not mix perfectly with the galactomannan films. Edible films
(GK4) can be biodegrade by Aspergillus niger fungus and can inhibit bacterial
growth in the nila fish and also have O2 and CO2 respiration rate 4.156 mL/kg-jam
and 11.823 mL/kg-jam. Galactomanan extraction from ‘aren’ seed (Arenga
pinnata) has been studied in neutral condition with ‘aren’ seed (kolang-kaling)
and solvent ratio, 1:12.5, centrifugation speed was 9500 rpm in 15 minutes.
Galactomannan extract from ‘aren’ seed was yielded 4.58% and galactomanan
was 90,57%. 1H-NMR spectroscopy gave comparative ratio of galactose: mannose
of 1: 1.331. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) result showed that
galactomannan will be degraded at 440℃ and its safe for food with high
temperature processing. Antioxidant activity measured by DPPH• method
produced value of IC50 = 22.109 mg/ml and the antioxidant actvities increase after
was incorporated with MADK. Basil essential oil was obtained 0.31% from basil
leaves, which has antioxidant properties and IC50 values of 21.56 mg/mL.
Antimicrobial properties were tested by agar diffusion method and have
antimicrobial activities against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aerus and
Streptococcus mutans), gram negative (Shigella sp, Salmonella sp and Escherichia
coli) and fungi (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and the most
sensitive was in Escherichia coli. The antioxidant properties of basil essential oil
increased after incorporated with galactomannan but the antimicrobial activities
decreased. Original compound in MADK that have antioxidant activities is
terpineol (1.39%) and linalool (2.99%) and isomer sitral such as Z sitral (Neral)
29.73% and E sitral (Geranial) 37.45% is the compounds that have antimicrobial
activities.Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang karakterisasi edible film galaktomanan yang
diinkorporasi dengan minyak atsiri daun kemangi (MADK). Edible film
galaktomanan yang dihasilkan (GK1, GK2, GK3, GK4 dan GK5) bersifat
antioksidan dan aktivitas antioksidan paling besar pada GK4, bersifat antimikroba
(film GK2, GK4 dan GK5) dan paling aktif pada GK5. Tebal film diperoleh 0,038 –
0,061 mm dan water vapor permeability (WVP) sebesar 4,92 x 10-9 – 10,90 x 10-9
Kg s-1m-1Pa-1. Analisis FT-IR menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara galaktomanan
dan MADK. Penambahan MADK dapat menurunkan kuat tarik dan kemuluran
(GK3 dan GK4). Morfologi permukaan menunjukkan bahwa MADK tidak dapat
bercampur sempurna dengan film galaktomanan. Edible film (GK4) dapat
terbiodegradasi oleh jamur Aspergilus niger dan dapat mengurangi pertumbuhan
bakteri pada ikan nila serta laju respirasi O2 dan CO2 pada ikan nila adalah
4,156 mL/kg-jam dan 11,823 mL/kg-jam. Ekstraksi galaktomanan dari biji aren
(kolang-kaling) pada suasana netral telah diteliti, dimana perbandingan kolangkaling
: pelarut = 1: 12,5 dan kecepatan sentrifugasi 9500 rpm selama 15 menit.
Ekstrak galaktomanan dari biji aren diperoleh 4,58% dan persentase
galaktomanan sebesar 90,57%. 1H-NMR menunjukkan perbandingan galaktosa :
manosa = 1 : 1,331. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) menunjukkan suhu
eksotermal (dekomposisi) pada 440℃ sehingga aman digunakan untuk bahan
makanan yang pengolahannya pada suhu tinggi. Sifat antioksidan galaktomanan
diukur dengan metode DPPH• dan IC50 =22,109 mg/mL dan setelah diinkorporasi
dengan MADK maka sifat antioksidannya semakin meningkat.Minyak atsiri daun
kemangi diperoleh 0,31%, memiliki sifat antioksidan dengan IC50 = 21,56 mg/mL.
Sifat antimikroba diuji dengan metode difusi agar dan aktif pada bakteri gram
positif (Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus mutans), gram negatif (Shigella
sp, Salmonella sp dan Escherichia coli) dan jamur (Candida albicans dan
Saccharomyces cerevisiae) dan paling sensitif pada Escherichia coli. Setelah
diinkorporasikan pada galaktomanan sifat antioksidan semakin meningkat tetapi
sifat antimikroba semakin menurun. Senyawa utama dalam MADK yang memiliki
aktivitas antioksidan adalah terpineol (1,38%) dan linalool (2,99%) dan isomer
sitral seperti Z sitral (Neral) 29,73% dan E sitral (Geranial) 37,45% adalah
senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba.191 HalamanDisertasi Dokto
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Golongan Senyawa Flavonoida dari Buah Tumbuhan Butun (Barringtonia Asiatica (L.) Kurz)
Full text linkOne of the plants that can be used for traditional medicine is butun
(Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz). The fruit can be used to control scabies, the leaves
are commonly used to treat stomach aches and rheumatism and the seeds are used as
a vermifuge. Several studies have also proven that butun fruit has good antibacterial,
antifungal and antioxidant activity. One of the bioactive compounds that plays a role
in this is flavonoids. Isolation of flavonoid compounds compounds from Butun Fruits
(Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz) has been carried out starting with the maceration
extraction stage with methanol solvent. The methanol extract was concentrated and
then dissolved in distilled water. The distilled water solution is extracted and
partitioned with ethyl acetate, then the ethyl acetate layer is separated and
concentrated. The concentrated extract of ethyl acetate was dissolved with methanol
and partition extracted with n-hexane. The methanol layer is then evaporated until all
the methanol has evaporated. The concentrated methanol extract was then analyzed
by TLC, then separated by column chromatography with silica gel as the stationary
phase and chloroform: ethyl acetate (60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, and 10:90) v
/v as the mobile phase. The third fraction was chosen to be purified by column
chromatography with silica gel as the stationary phase and benzene: acetone (80:20)
v/v as the mobile phase. The pure compound obtained was a yellow amorphous solid
of 7 mg with a value of Rf = 0.41 using the eluent benzene: acetone (80:20) v/v. Next,
the compounds obtained were analyzed using a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer,
Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR), and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Spectrophotometer (¹H-NMR). Spectroscopic data shows that the isolated compound
allegedly is a flavonol group.59 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
''Pengujian kadar COD ( Chemical Oxygen Demand) pada lirnbah cair minyak kelapa sawit di PT. Shafera Enviro Laboratorium
No full textChemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is the amount of oxygen needed to oxidize organic
substances in the waste. Testing the levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) on
samples of palm oil effluent was carried out at PT. SHAFERA ENV1RO
LABORATORIUM. To determine the levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) uses
the titrimetric method. Based on the results, COD level testing in oil palm waste in the
sample with the code 11-12 was 1523.2 mg/L, the sample with the code 11-13 COD
levels was 228.4 mg/L. From the results of the analysis of COD levels in the sample
with code 11-13, they met the quality standards set by the Minister of the environment,
namely 350 mg/l, the samples with code 11-12 exceeds the maximum quality standard
of COD levels.32 HalamanKertas Karya Diplom
Analisis Residu Pestisida Piretroid (Lamda Sihalotrin) pada Pakcoy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) dengan Metode Kromatografi Gas
No full textAnalysis of pyrethroid pesticide residues (lamda sihalotrin) on pakcoy (Brasssica
rapa subsp.chinensis) by Gas chromatography method has been carried out. The
purpose of this study was to determine the residual levels of pyrethroid pesticides in
pakcoy (Brasssica rapa subsp. chinensis). Analysis of residual levels was determined
using gas chromatography with the extraction method. With the experimental
sequence, the sample was cut into pieces and dissolved with acetone,
dichloromethane and petroleum ether, smoothed with ultraturax and left to stand
until the filtrate and residue separated. The filtrate will be dried using a rotary
evaporator and the result will be dissolved in isooctane and toluene in a ratio
(90:10) and put into a test tube. Then determine the yield of the extract injected 1-2
μL in a gas chromatograph equipped with a specific detector for compounds
containing elemental phosphorus (FPD) and (AFID). From the results of the
analysis carried out, it was obtained that the pesticide residue levels in pakcoy from
Berastagi District detected one active ingredient, namely lambda sialothrin as much
as 0.164 mg/kg, while pakcoy from Raya District and Gundaling District did not
have an active ingredient in the form of lambda sialothrin (not detected)48 HalamanKertas Karya Diplom
Isolasi dan Elusidasi Struktur Kimia Senyawa Bioaktif Anti Kanker Dari Buah Tumbuhan Bawang Hutan (Scorodocarpus Borneensis Becc)
No full textForestry onion (Scrodocampus borneensis Becc) is growth in east kalimantan and riau which is a community used as diare medicine because of alkaloid compounds. That research was doing isolation and getting chemical structure from activity of anti cancer compound L1210. That isolation has been maseration process with fruit of forestry onion. That result do partition and then be analyzed coloumn chromatography with stationary phase is silica gel and mobile phase is n-hexane and ethyl acetat. After that coloumn chromatography find two alkaloid compounds and then do identify with UV, FTIR, NMR-1H, NMR-13C DEPT, and NMR-2D (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC). That compounds called as Dehidroksi Scorordocarpin B had activity of anticancer L1210 with IC50 of 1,7053 μg/mL Scorodocarpin B had been activity of anticancer L1210 with IC50 of 1,1061 μg/mL.Bawang hutan (Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc) adalah tanaman yang tumbuh di Kalimantan Timur dan Riau yang secara tradisional digunakan masyarakat sebagai obat diare dan diketahui mengandung senyawa alkaloid. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan isolasi dan penentuan struktur kimia pada senyawa yang memiliki aktifitas antikanker L1210. Isolasi dilakukan dengan maserasi buah bawang hutan, lalu dipartisi dan dikromatografi kolom dengan fasa diam silika gel dan fasa gerak n-heksana dan etil asetat. Hasil kromatografi kolom ditemukan dua senyawa alkaloid yang dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi dengan analisis UV, FT-IR, NMR-1H, NMR-13C DEPT, dan NMR-2D (COSY, HMQC, dan HMBC). Senyawa yang ditemukan tersebut dinyatakan sebagai Dehidroksi Scorordocarpin B dengan memiliki aktivitas antikanker L1210 dengan IC50 sebesar 1,7053 μg/mL, dan Scorodocarpin B dengan memiliki aktivitas antikanker L1210 dengan IC50 sebesar 1,1061 μg/mL.210 HalamanDisertasi Dokto
Analisa Kadar Bod (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) pada Air Limbah Cair Domestik Inlet dan Outlet Menggunakan Metode Titrimetri di Pramita Lab
No full textAn analysis has been carried out to determine the levels of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) in inlet wastewater and Pramita laboratory outlets and analyzed at PT. SHAFERA ENVIRO LABORATORY. To determine BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), two bottles of winkler were first prepared, then one bottle to determine the value of DO0 and one bottle to determine the value of DO5 incubated for 5 days. Determination of BOD uses the titrimetric method so that it can be found that the BOD levels in inlet wastewater with a level of 7.41 mg / l and BOD levels in outlet wastewater with levels of 3.8 mg / l. According to the regulations of the PERMEN LH No.P68 / MENLHK / KUM / B. 016 the BOD levels obtained are processed well and meet the quality standards so that it is feasible to dispose of it into the river, even though the government continues to bend or make regulations for each liquid waste to be processed first.Telah dilakukan analisa untuk menentukan kadar BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) pada air limbah cair inlet dan outlet laboratorium Pramita dan dianalisa di PT. SHAFERA ENVIRO LABORATORIUM. Untuk menentukan BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) mula-mula dipersiapkan dua botol winkler, kemudian satu botol untuk menentukan nilai DO0 dan satu botol untuk menentukan nilai DO5 yang diinkubasi selama 5 hari. Penentuan BOD ini menggunakan metode titrimetri sehingga di dapatkan bahwa kadar BOD dalam air limbah inlet dengan kadar sebanyak 7,41 mg/l dan kadar BOD dalam air limbah outlet dengankadarsebanyak 3,8 mg/l. Menurut peraturan PERMEN LH No.P68/MENLHK/KUM/B.016 kadar BOD yang didapat pengolahannya sudah baik dan memenuhi standart mutu sehingga layak dibuang kesungai, meskipun begitu pemerintah tetap melakukan atau membuat peraturan setiap limbah cair diolah terlebih dahulu.53 HalamanKertas Karya Diplom
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