17,107 research outputs found
Air Pollution from Natural and Anthropogenic Sources over Mediterranean Region: Assessment of an Online Coupled Meteorological and Air Quality Model
No full textNel presente elaborato viene proposto uno studio per comprendere e quantificare in modo migliore ed approfondito delle fonti di inquinamento atmosferico in Italia e nella regione mediterranea circostante. Sospette fonti di inquinanti includono attività umane, idrocarburi naturali da foreste (isoprene e terpeni) ed episodi di polvere minerale trasportata dal vento prevalentemente dal deserto del Sahara. Una profonda comprensione di queste fonti è fondamentale per lo sviluppo di azioni mirate a mitigare l’inquinamento atmosferico. Lo studio considera principalmente gli idrocarburi e la polvere naturali, utilizzando un modello di trasporto chimico all'avanguardia (“Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry”). Il modello ambientale WRF-Chem è un sistema di previsione a scala regionale "online" (meteorologia e chimica dell’atmosfera sono computati in maniera parallela e non in serie) progettato per simulare una vasta gamma di processi chimici, meteorologici, gas e aerosol dettagliati con un completo accoppiamento tra le diverse componenti e fasi. Il presente studio documenta due diverse applicazioni realizzate attraverso il modello WRF-Chem al fine di migliorare la sua rappresentazione dei processi chimici di gas e aerosol. La prima applicazione include la descrizione, l'esame e il test di una serie di aggiornamenti apportati al modello MEGAN versione 2.04 (“Model of Emission Gas and Aerosols from Nature”), modello per le emissioni biogeniche implementato in WRF-Chem, attraverso due diversi casi studio (ovvero il primo a livello europeo e il nella zona sud-est degli Stati Uniti). La seconda applicazione prevede l’applicazione del modello (WRF-Chem) per la valutazione delle intrusioni di polvere di sahariane nell'Europa meridionale e il loro confronto con le emissioni antropogeniche nell'arco di un intero anno (2017).
Lo studio di sensibilità del modello di emissioni biogeniche (MEGAN), a livello europeo, include quattro simulazioni. La prima è (1) quella di controllo: il database MEGAN è stato utilizzato senza alcuna modifica (Megan_V2.04); nella seconda (2) tutti i fattori di attività (γi) sono stati modificati seguendo gli aggiornamenti apportanti all’ultima versione del MEGAN (versione 2.10) (Megan_Gamma). La (3) terza simulazione aggiunge i PFT (Plant Functional Type – classificazione in base al tipo di vegetazione), i fattori di emissione variano al variare del tipo di pianta (Megan_GammaPFT); infine, l'ultima (4) calcola il fattore di emissione di isoprene all'interno dell'algoritmo di emissione MEGAN, invece di ricavarlo direttamente dal database di input come per tutte le altre simulazioni (Megan_GammaPFTISO). I risultati delle emissioni di isoprene e α-pinene dimostrano che l'aggiornamento del codice MEGAN aumenta notevolmente
le emissioni (ad esempio, nella città di Zagabria si ha un aumento di circa 100 mol/km2hr e a Kiev di circa 50 mol/km2h). Il confronto con l’inventario AIRBASE (rete europea per la qualità dell'aria e l'ambiente) ha mostrato che la distribuzione temporale e spaziale dell'ozono (O3) è ben rappresentata; la simulazione di controllo ha dimostrato i risultati migliori, dal momento che le simulazioni, considerando gli aggiornamenti effettuati al modello MEGAN, aumentano la concentrazione di ozono di circa 20-40 ppb. Gli altri gas considerati (NO2 e CO) sono risultati molto sottostimati, rispettivamente di un fattore 2 e 10, indipendentemente dalla simulazione considerata, poiché gli aggiornamenti apportate al modello MEGAN non influenzano tali composti.
D'altra parte, il caso studio statunitense include due simulazioni: quella di controllo (Megan_V2.04) e una simulazione considerando tutti gli aggiornamenti apportati al modello di emisione MEGAN (Megan_GammaPFTISO). Le simulazioni sono state effettuate in concomitanza con la campagna sperimentale NOMADSS (“Nitrogen, Oxidants, Mercury and Aerosol Distributions, Sources and Sinks”) (effettuata dal 1° giugno 00:00 UTC al 15 giugno 00:00 UTC, 2013) in modo da approvare gli aggiornamenti effettuati con tale set di dati. I valori modellati di O3 confermano il caso studio europeo, aggiornando le emissioni biogeniche, le concentrazioni di ozono aumentato del 10%; le concentrazioni di NOx sono sovrastimate, come il caso europeo, ma con migliori risultati. Infine, anche le concentrazioni di isoprene sovrastimano considerevolmente i dati sperimentali fino a un fattore 5 (la discrepanza media è di circa 7000 ppt).
La seconda applicazione di WRF-Chem prevede due simulazioni con durata annuale (dal 1° gennaio 2017 00:00 UTC al 1° gennaio 2018 00:00 UTC): la prima considera solo l'emissione di polvere minerale (chem_opt = 401 - "DUSTONLY”), mentre la seconda considera tutti i tipi di emissioni (biogeniche, incendi e antropogeniche) (chem_opt = 201 - "MOZMOSAIC"); entrambe le simulazioni per le polveri desertiche utilizzano lo schema di emissione GOCART (Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport). Le rianalisi NCEP/NCAR e la rete di stazioni superficiali archiviate dell'Università del Wyoming sono state utilizzate per valutare la risoluzione spaziale della temperatura, dell'umidità relativa e della velocità e direzione del vento, dimostrando una grande capacità del modello WRF-Chem di riprodurre i dati sperimentali. L'associazione tra la densità di massa della colonna di polvere modellata [kg/m2] e il campo con la relativa rianalisi MERRA-2 (“Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications”) ha mostrato una evidente sovrastima del modello per il carico di polvere minerale nelle regioni maggiori del Nord
Africa (sovrastima di un fattore di 10 - MERRA-2 = 2x10-4 kg/m2; WRF-Chem = 2x10-3 kg/m2). La sovrastima del modello è confermata dal confronto di entrambe le simulazioni con i prodotti di AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth - 550 nm) della rete di rilevazione AERONET (Aerosol Robotic NETwork): le stazioni di Roma e Napoli analizzate riportano pressoché lo stesso andamento di AOD durante il periodo analizzato, anche i valori massimi di AOD vengono catturati, ma la massa di polveri minerali è sovrastimata da entrambe le simulazioni (nel mese di maggio - AODDUSTONLY = 0.9; AODMOZMOSAIC = 1.2; AODAERONET = 0.3).A study to better understand and quantify the source of air pollution in Italy and the surrounding Mediterranean region is proposed. Suspected sources of pollutants include human activities, natural hydrocarbons from forests (isoprene and terpenes) and episodes of wind-blown mineral dust from the Sahara Desert. A deep understanding of these sources is fundamental to developing science-based mitigation actions. The study addresses specifically the natural hydrocarbons and dust, using a state-of-the-art chemistry transport model (Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry). The WRF-Chem system is an “online” regional scale prediction model designed to simulate many detailed meteorological, gas and aerosol chemical processes, with full coupling between the different components and phases. This study documents two different applications, and their evaluation, that have been made using WRF-Chem model in order to improve its representation of gas and aerosol chemical processes. The first application includes the description, examination and test of a set of updates made to the MEGAN version 2.04 (Model of Emission Gas and Aerosols from Nature) model, one of the BVOC (biogenic volatile organic compound) emission model includes in WRF-Chem, by two different test cases (i.e. the first at European level, and the second, at United States level). The main objective of the second WRF- Chem application, involves the assessment of Sharan dust outbreaks to the southern Europe and how they compare to anthropogenic emissions over a whole year (2017).
The MEGAN sensitivity study, at European level, includes four simulations. The first one is (1) the control one: the MEGAN database has been used without any change (Megan_V2.04); on the (2) second one all the activity factors (γi) have been modified following the MEGAN version 2.10 (Megan_Gamma). The (3) third simulation adds the PFTs (Plant Functional Type) emission factors changes to the activity factors (Megan_GammaPFT); finally, the (4) last one calculates more the isoprene emission factor within the MEGAN emission algorithm, instead of reading it directly from the input database (Megan_GammaPFTISO). The simulations listed above, are applied to simulate an intense ozone event that took place over central Italy in August 13th, 2015. Results for isoprene and α-pinene emissions demonstrate the updating the MEGAN code the emissions increase considerably (i.e. Zagreb has an increase about 100 mol/km2hr and Kiev about 50 mol/km2 hr). The comparison with the AIRBASE (European Environment Agency air quality network) showed that only the temporal and spatial distribution of the O3 are well represented; the control simulation demonstrated the ozone better results, since the updates simulations increase
the ozone concentration of nearly from 20 to 40 ppb. The other trace gases considered (NO2 and CO) model results are very underestimate, respectively by a factor of 2 and 10 regardless of simulations considered, since the MEGAN updates does not affect that compounds.
On the other hands, the U.S. MEGAN sensitivity case of study, includes two simulations: the control one (Megan_V2.04) and a simulation with all code changes applied (Megan_GammaPFTISO). They are concurrently with the NOMADSS (Nitrogen, Oxidants, Mercury and Aerosol Distributions, Sources and Sinks) field campaign (from June 1th 00:00 UTC to June 15th 00:00 UTC, 2013), in order to validate the updates with that dataset. Isoprene concentrations overestimate the NOMADSS considerably up to a factor of 5 (average discrepancy is about 7000 ppt). The O3 modeled values confirm the European case of study, updating MEGAN ozone concentrations increase by 10 %; the NOx concentrations are overestimate, as European case, but with better agreement. The MEGAN updates do not take effects on the NOx concentrations.
Last WRF-Chem application has one-year time duration (from January 1st 2017 00:00 UTC to January 1st 2018 00:00 UTC) where two simulations are carried out: the first considering only the dust emission (chem_opt = 401 – “DUSTONLY” simulation) and the second one considering all the type of emissions (biogenic, biomass burning and anthropogenic) (chem_opt = 201 – “MOZMOSAIC” simulation); both of simulations use the GOCART (Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport) dust emission scheme. The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and the University of Wyoming surface stations network have been used to assess the spatial resolution of simulated temperature, relative humidity and wind speed and direction, showing a great capability of WRF- Chem model to reproduce the experimental data and its spatial trend. The association between the modeled dust column mass density [kg/m2] and the field with the corresponding MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications) reanalysis showed an evident dust load overestimated over the North-Africa regions (i.e. by a factor of 10 - MERRA-2 = 2x10- 4 kg/m2; WRF-Chem = 2x10-3 kg/m2). The dust modeled overestimate is confirmed by the comparison of both simulations with the AERONET AOD (550 nm) products; i.e. Rome and Naples stations have nearly the same year trend, AOD peaks are captured as well, but the dust magnitude is overestimated from both simulations (e.g. May – AODDUSTONLY = 0.9; AODMOZMOSAIC = 1.2; AODAERONET = 0.3)
Women's life writing 1760-1830 : spiritual selves, sexual characters, and revolutionary subjects
No full textPhDThis thesis uses print and manuscript sources to analyse and interpret women's life
writing at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries. I
explore printed works by Catharine Phillips, Mary Dudley, Priscilla Hannah Gurney,
Ann Freeman, Elizabeth Steele, Mary Robinson, Helen Maria Williams, Mary
Wollstonecraft, Grace Dalrymple Elliott, and Charlotte West and discuss the
manuscripts of Mary Fletcher, Mary Tooth, Sarah Ryan, and Elizabeth Fox. Of these
sources, five have never been analysed in the critical literature and six have received
little attention. Considered as a group, this large corpus of texts offers new insights
into the personal and political implications of different models of female selfhood and
social being.
In chapter one, I compare the religious identities presented in the spiritual
autobiographies of Quakers and Methodists. For these women, religious identification
provides a powerful sense of social belonging and enables public participation.
However, it may also lead to a loss of self in the demand for religious conformity and
self-abnegation. In chapter two, I consider the life writing of late eighteenth-century
courtesans. These women adapt available models of femininity and female authorship
in order to establish themselves as socially connected subjects. However, their
narratives also reveal that dependence on the sexual and literary marketplace puts
female selfhood under pressure. In chapter three, I explore the eyewitness accounts of
British women in the French Revolution. I argue that, for these writers, connecting
personal identity to political history is an enabling source of self-definition but it also
exposes them to the risks of self-fragmentation.
In my focus on the social function of women's life writing, I present an alternative to
the traditional alignment of the eighteenth-century autobiographical subject with the
autonomous self of individualism. These narratives allow us to reconsider the
productive and problematic dialectic between personal expression and representative
selfhood, self-authorship and collective narratives, and individualism and social
being. They suggest that women's life writing has the potential to be both the self-expression
of a unique heroine and the self-inscription of a politicised subject
Letter from Mary Garvey, Irish immigrant, to her mother, October 24, 1850
No full textMary Garvey, an Irish immigrant, was the servant of Rescarrick Moore Smith, a Hightstown businessman and New Jersey State Treasurer. This letter was dictated to and transcribed by Smith's daughter, Mary Elizabeth. In this letter to her mother in Ireland, Garvey asks after various family members and friends. She asks her mother many time to consider leaving the "poor state of Ireland" to emigrate to America. She also discusses her work duties, wages, and social life
Barth Family in Homecoming Parade
No full textThis image shows President Frank Barth and Mary Barth riding in a car during a homecoming parade. Frank Barth was Gustavus Adolphus College president from 1969-197
A more comprehensive and commanding delineation: Mary Shelley's narrative strategy in Frankenstein
No full textThis thesis argues that the first edition of Frankenstein challenges conventional reading by employing what Simpson in Irony and Authority in Romantic Poetry calls Romantic irony, where the absence of a stable 'metacomment' precludes an authoritative reading. The novel hints at such readings but prevents them. The insights offered by Tropp's Mary Shelley's Monster, Baldick's In Frankenstein's Shadow, Poovey's The Proper Lady and the woman writer and Swingle's, 'Frankenstein's Monster and its Relatives: Problems of Knowledge in English Romanticism' are considered, but none recognises the full implications of the instability deriving from multiple first- person narratives. Clemit's The Godwinian Navel acknowledges the novel's indeterminacy, but reads a specific ideological purpose in it. Paradise Last provides a language to describe the relationship between the monster and Frankenstein, but proves too unstable to fix identity or establish moral value. Similarly, Necessity ultimately fails to provide a stable explanation in terms of cause and effect. The status of nature shifts between foreground and background, never allowing final definition. These uncertainties destabilise knowledge which is compromised by its provisional nature: no authoritative reading is possible, yet the novel has narrative coherence. The reader is encouraged to try to develop a reading the structure prevents. The radical nature of the first edition is highlighted by comparison with the 1831 edition, which removes much of the ambivalence and gives the novel a clearer morality. The novel challenges conventional methods of deriving authority by disturbing the reader's orthodox orientation in the world around him' (Simpson) in order to afford 'a point of view to the imagination for the delineation of human passions more comprehensive and commanding than any which the ordinary relations of existing events can yield' (Mary Shelley)
Mary's figure in Barth's discourse about Mary : the place, task and significance of Mary in God's plan of salvation according to Karl Barth
No full textDie Dissertation untersucht Barths Rede über Maria und die Mariologie. Aus chronologisch aufgelisteten marianischen Textstellen im literarischen Werk Barths ergibt sich die positive Antwort auf die Frage, ob man bei Barth als reformiertem Theologen überhaupt genügend Material für eine Dissertation über die selige Jungfrau und Gottesmutter Maria finden kann. Die chronologische Auflistung der marianischen Textstellen ist für die leichtere Verfolgung und die präzisere Feststellung der Entwicklung und Wandlung von Barths Marienrede ebenso von entscheidender Bedeutung. Systematisch wird auf die Gestalt, Stellung, Aufgabe und Bedeutung Mariens im Heilsplan Gottes in Barths Marienrede hingewiesen. Barths Aussagen über Maria befinden sich an dem Knotenpunkt seiner christologischen Theologie. Barth redet über Maria vor allem, weil die Lehre von der Inkarnation Maria aufs Engste einschließt. In Barths Marienrede ist neben der Jungfrauengeburt ebenso die Gottesmutterschaft Mariens als Fundamentalsatz des Christentums zu betrachten. Mit seiner energischen Verteidigung der Jungfrauengeburt Jesu spricht er sich unmissverständlich für die Jungfräulichkeit Mariens in der Empfängnis aus. Die virginitas in partu et post partum bekennt er allerdings nicht. Barth redet über Maria freilich nicht ausschließlich nur innerhalb des Themenkreises der Menschwerdung, sondern auch in verschiedenen Kontexten der ständigen Auseinandersetzung mit der katholischen Theologie. Aus dem ständigen Gespräch mit der katholischen Theologie erwächst seine scharfe Kritik an der Mariologie. Die ganze Mariologiekritik nimmt Barth aber mit der Äußerung, dass man die Frage der Mariologie theologisch doch noch nicht aufgearbeitet hat und dass man sie evangelischerseits von Anfang an durchdenken muss, zurück. Ergibt sich damit aus Barths Marienrede nicht ein beachtenswerter Impuls für die Annäherung im ökumenischen Gespräch zwischen den Protestanten und der Katholischen Kirche in der Marienfrage?The dissertation explores Karl Barth?s discourse about Mary and Mariology. The chronologically listed Marian textual references in Barth?s literary opus yield a positive answer to the question whether in Karl Barth as a Reformed theologian sufficient material for a dissertation about the Blessed Virgin Mary can be found at all. Chronologically listed Marian passages are also crucially important for easier following and more precise analysis of the development and transformation of Barth?s Marian discourse. Attention is systematically drawn to the figure, place, task and significance of Mary in God?s plan of salvation within Barth?s discourse about Mary and Mariology. Barth?s statements about Mary are located at the junction of his Christological theology. Barth talks about Mary primarily because she is intimately included in the doctrine of the Incarnation. Beside the virgin birth, the divine motherhood of Mary is considered as a fundamental proposition of Christianity in Barth?s Marian discourse. With his energetic defense of the virgin birth of Jesus he declares himself unequivocally in favor of the virginity of Mary in the conception, though he doesn?t confess virginitas in partu et post partum. Barth, however, talks about Mary not only within the thematic circle of the Incarnation, but also in various contexts of constant confrontation with Catholic theology. From the constant dialogue with Catholic theology grows his sharp criticism of Mariology. But Barth takes back the whole criticism of Mariology with the statement that the question of Mariology still hasn?t been worked out and that, from the Reformed side, it must be thought through from the beginning. Is it not the case, then, that in this way there issues from Barth?s Marian discourse a notable impetus for a drawing nearer in ecumenical dialogue between Protestants and the Catholic Church on the question of Mary?eingereicht von Ivan PodgorelecAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersGraz, Univ., Diss., 201
Mary's figure in Barth's discourse about Mary : the place, task and significance of Mary in God's plan of salvation according to Karl Barth
No full textDie Dissertation untersucht Barths Rede über Maria und die Mariologie. Aus chronologisch aufgelisteten marianischen Textstellen im literarischen Werk Barths ergibt sich die positive Antwort auf die Frage, ob man bei Barth als reformiertem Theologen überhaupt genügend Material für eine Dissertation über die selige Jungfrau und Gottesmutter Maria finden kann. Die chronologische Auflistung der marianischen Textstellen ist für die leichtere Verfolgung und die präzisere Feststellung der Entwicklung und Wandlung von Barths Marienrede ebenso von entscheidender Bedeutung. Systematisch wird auf die Gestalt, Stellung, Aufgabe und Bedeutung Mariens im Heilsplan Gottes in Barths Marienrede hingewiesen. Barths Aussagen über Maria befinden sich an dem Knotenpunkt seiner christologischen Theologie. Barth redet über Maria vor allem, weil die Lehre von der Inkarnation Maria aufs Engste einschließt. In Barths Marienrede ist neben der Jungfrauengeburt ebenso die Gottesmutterschaft Mariens als Fundamentalsatz des Christentums zu betrachten. Mit seiner energischen Verteidigung der Jungfrauengeburt Jesu spricht er sich unmissverständlich für die Jungfräulichkeit Mariens in der Empfängnis aus. Die virginitas in partu et post partum bekennt er allerdings nicht. Barth redet über Maria freilich nicht ausschließlich nur innerhalb des Themenkreises der Menschwerdung, sondern auch in verschiedenen Kontexten der ständigen Auseinandersetzung mit der katholischen Theologie. Aus dem ständigen Gespräch mit der katholischen Theologie erwächst seine scharfe Kritik an der Mariologie. Die ganze Mariologiekritik nimmt Barth aber mit der Äußerung, dass man die Frage der Mariologie theologisch doch noch nicht aufgearbeitet hat und dass man sie evangelischerseits von Anfang an durchdenken muss, zurück. Ergibt sich damit aus Barths Marienrede nicht ein beachtenswerter Impuls für die Annäherung im ökumenischen Gespräch zwischen den Protestanten und der Katholischen Kirche in der Marienfrage?The dissertation explores Karl Barth?s discourse about Mary and Mariology. The chronologically listed Marian textual references in Barth?s literary opus yield a positive answer to the question whether in Karl Barth as a Reformed theologian sufficient material for a dissertation about the Blessed Virgin Mary can be found at all. Chronologically listed Marian passages are also crucially important for easier following and more precise analysis of the development and transformation of Barth?s Marian discourse. Attention is systematically drawn to the figure, place, task and significance of Mary in God?s plan of salvation within Barth?s discourse about Mary and Mariology. Barth?s statements about Mary are located at the junction of his Christological theology. Barth talks about Mary primarily because she is intimately included in the doctrine of the Incarnation. Beside the virgin birth, the divine motherhood of Mary is considered as a fundamental proposition of Christianity in Barth?s Marian discourse. With his energetic defense of the virgin birth of Jesus he declares himself unequivocally in favor of the virginity of Mary in the conception, though he doesn?t confess virginitas in partu et post partum. Barth, however, talks about Mary not only within the thematic circle of the Incarnation, but also in various contexts of constant confrontation with Catholic theology. From the constant dialogue with Catholic theology grows his sharp criticism of Mariology. But Barth takes back the whole criticism of Mariology with the statement that the question of Mariology still hasn?t been worked out and that, from the Reformed side, it must be thought through from the beginning. Is it not the case, then, that in this way there issues from Barth?s Marian discourse a notable impetus for a drawing nearer in ecumenical dialogue between Protestants and the Catholic Church on the question of Mary?eingereicht von Ivan PodgorelecAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersGraz, Univ., Diss., 201
The transformation of persons and the concept of moral order : a study of the evangelical ethics of Oliver O'Donovan with special reference to the Barth-Brunner debate
No full textThis dissertation investigates the evangelical ethics of Prof. Oliver O’Donovan in order to explore the implications of his “evangelical realism” for theological anthropology, moral knowledge and the concept of moral order. The Barth-Brunner debate regarding natural theology provides a lens onto these issues. Theological case studies are used to test our findings.
Chapter 1 provides an overture to these issues, paying attention to current ideas about human nature and morality, and the growing influence of neuroscience and evolutionary psychology.
Chapter 2 focuses on Resurrection and Moral Order, elucidating the salient factors in its outline for evangelical ethics.
Chapter 3 diagnoses the challenges which a dialectical epistemology presents to the development of a doctrine of evangelical ethics.
Chapter 4 delves into O’Donovan’s treatment of the Barth-Brunner debate over natural theology, and discovers therein an illuminating correspondence between O’Donovan’s ethics and the concept of a human “capacity for revelation” (Offenbarungsmächtigkeit), which became a hinge issue in the debate. This provides a helpful lens onto O’Donovan’s concept of moral order.
Chapter 5 examines the intrinsic connection between the concept of moral order and the epistemic role of faith. Kierkegaard’s treatment of the paradoxical aspects of faith as an event of epistemic access figures prominently in this analysis.
Chapter 6 brings together the results of our analysis and applies them to the thesis that: the transformation of persons lies at the heart of evangelical ethics. The cosmology of faith emerges as a critical hermeneutical factor in the development of a doctrine of evangelical ethics. We explore here the doctrinal implications for Trinitarian theology.
Chapter 7 draws out practical implications of our thesis. We see the central place of prayer and worship in evangelical ethics, and point out implications for teaching. Lastly, we show practical applications of our thesis by examining the bio-ethical issues of human reproductive technologies, with special attention to O’Donovan’s work, Begotten or Made
Karl Barth's academic lectures on Ephesians (Göttingen, 1921-1922) : an original translation, annotation, and analysis
No full textThis thesis consists of an original translation, annotation, and analysis of Karl Barth’s Academic lectures on Ephesians, delivered in Göttingen, winter semester, 1921-1922. The translation is composed from a typescript of Barth’s handwritten manuscript, located in the Karl Barth Archives, Basel, and is annotated for scholarly research, including complete bibliographical information on Barth’s sources.
Barth’s exposition is a detailed exegesis of the Greek text of Eph. 1:1-23, comprising 13 lectures, with a summary of Ephesians 2-6 in the final chapter. Materially and formally, the exposition strongly resembles Romans II and Barth’s 1919 sermons on Ephesians, which the study examines. It also exhibits the theological objectivity of the Göttingen period, chiefly because of Barth’s explication of gnosis in Ephesians and his appropriation of Calvin’s theology of the knowledge of God.
Barth made a material discovery in his study of Ephesians that fundamentally shaped his subsequent theology. He observes in
Eph. 1:3-14 a train of thought which witnesses to God’s action to the creature in Christ and the creature’s subsequent movement to God. He concludes that we have come from God, who has chosen us in eternal election, and we are moving toward the glory of God, our divinely appointed goal. The exposition’s central theme is expressed in Barth’s claim that “the knowledge of God is the presupposition” and “the goal” of human existence.
The distinguishing mark of Barth’s theological exegesis is its concreteness, that is, his ability to speak about the text’s contemporary meaning without lapsing into theological abstraction. This concreteness is the consequence of his theological hermeneutic. He describes the interpretive event as a field of action, consisting of the biblical text, the activity of the interpreter, and the divine speech act
A feminist theological critique of texts and traditions about Mary the mother of Jesus
No full textI have presented a feminist theological critique of the texts and traditions about Mary the Mother of Jesus. I see this as crucial to the task of discovering the values of being female and feminine in the late twentieth century Christian church. My exposition begins with an evaluation of what the documents of Vatican II and subsequent papal pronouncements do and do not say about women, and of what is said about Mary, appreciating the ecumenical constraints on the presentation of Mariology in those documents. I have then gone on critically to examine the work of Mary Daly for her assessment of what Mariology can and cannot offer women, and I have compared and contrasted this with Rosemary Radford Ruether's attempt to recover Mary as the feminine face of the Church. I have looked back in history to the rise of the ascetic tradition in Christianity and how that changed and continues to change our perception of the female body. I have then gone on to develop this theme of bodies / boundaries concentrating on two areas which I regard as being of crucial significance. The first area is "The Age of Mary" in the nineteenth century, and the second the New Testament material, focusing in particular on the work of Jane Schaberg and its possibilities of discovering a new symbol for women. Finally, I have examined Mary from the context of liberation theology through the work of Leonardo Boff, and Ivone Gebara and Maria Clara Bingemer. The crucial question for me is whether traditions about Mary have anything to say to those who wish to emancipate themselves and younger women from the "Patriarchal feminine", or whether these traditions are positively harmful to those engaged in a conversion from sexism. If the Christian tradition is to offer resources for women, it needs to find a theo/thealogy which seeks the wholeness of their persons in relationship to the divine, and which will empower them to resist the forms of abuse they may and do experience. I have seen this project as part of my development as a professional teacher working both within Roman Catholic schools and church communities, and with women outside ecclesiastical boundaries
- …
