97 research outputs found
Youth Participation in Community Planning (Community Advisory Service Report Number 486) by Ramona Mullahey, Yve Susskind, and Barry Checkoway
No full textReviewed Work: Youth Participation in Community Planning (Community Advisory Service Report Number 486) by Ramona Mullahey, Yve Susskind, and Barry Checkowa
Combining Service and Learning On Campus and in the Community
No full textStudent workshops are valuable resources for combining service and learning. The challenge, Mr. Checkoway points out, is to recognize their limitations, integrate them with other courses in the curriculum, and find ways to improve their quality
Youth Civic Engagement for Dialogue and Diversity at the Metropolitan Level
No full text· Youth civic engagement can take various forms, of which intergroup dialogue is one. Some forms – such as electoral participation – are inappropriate for young people.
· This article describes Youth Dialogues on Race and Ethnicity in Metropolitan Detroit, the nation’s most segregated metropolitan area.
· High-school-age students participated in intraand intergroup dialogues, metropolitan tours, residential retreats, and community action projects.
· Youth participants increased their knowledge of their own racial and ethnic identities and those of others, increased their awareness and understanding of racism and racial privilege, and developed leadership skills and took actions to challenge racism in their communities
Community response to environmental injustice in Puerto Rico.
No full textMost research done in Puerto Rico on "citizen participation" focuses on participation as implemented by the government, which is referred to in the literature as formal, institutionalized, or official participation. For the most part, researchers have concluded that participation has not been effective, that citizens have not influenced the decisionmaking process, or that their role has been severely restricted to that of observers. The emphasis on official participation has led some commentators to argue that there is no culture of participation in Puerto Rico. This dissertation rebuts that view. The issue is not a lack of this culture, but rather a lack of research and attention to it. Although largely overlooked or mentioned only in passing, this culture has always played a role in the history of Puerto Rico. This is precisely the history of "participation" that must be rescued in order to have a complete analysis of participation and its impact on the decisionmaking process in Puerto Rico. Based on documentary and field research, this dissertation examines three community environmental struggles as examples of this culture: the proposed location of a Monsanto plant in Salinas and Guayama, of a CECOS industrial dump in Ponce, and of the San Juan city dump in Toa Baja. These communities felt threatened because of the risk to their lives posed by the location of these sources of contamination in their backyards, which prompted them to oppose, organize, and intervene. Their struggles and success stories in stopping the location of these sources of pollution not only illustrate that a community organization can make a difference, but also help fill the gap in research on the culture of participation in Puerto Rico.PhDUrban, Technological, and Environmental Planning: Environmental PlanningUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102999/1/9227017.pdfDescription of 9227017.pdf : Restricted to UM users only
Community-based housing organizations in Third World cities: Case studies from Zimbabwe.
No full textUrbanization rates in the Third World are climbing at an alarming rate. This has created an urban housing problem of enormous proportions. Policy approaches to this problem in the past have included slum clearance, sites-and-services provision and squatter settlement upgrading. A more recent development is an "enabling strategy" which facilitates the efforts of individuals and community-based organizations to provide their own housing. However, little formal research has been carried out to support this effort. An empirical study of five housing co-operatives was carried out in 1989-90 in two major urban centers in Zimbabwe: Harare and Bulawayo. Three of the organizations were workplace-based (comprised of workers at private sector companies) and two, community-based. Information was gathered primarily by means of unstructured interviews of the leaders of the co-operatives and participant observation of their general meetings. The study revealed that the policies of local governments and financial institutions, such as the lack of recognition of collectives in the allocation of land and financing, limited the building strategies available to the organizations, affecting internal cohesion, and ultimately, costs. In addition, certain external actors had significant but varying impacts on the organizations. The three workplace-based organizations enjoyed technical assistance, as well as direct and indirect resources from their employers; whereas the two community-based co-operatives were strongly influenced by local politicians and members of the ruling political party who attempted to control membership composition and size, as well as the internal decisions of the co-operatives. Also significant was the ability of the community-based co-operatives to appeal to women, who are becoming increasingly represented among the urban poor. The study provides evidence that community-based housing organizations can be viewed as effective instruments for mobilizing savings and, despite considerable constraints, are able to build houses at costs comparable to or lower than both the private and government-sponsored sectors. However, a more positive policy environment and a non-governmental umbrella support organization would both facilitate their activities and diffuse the potential of interference by various political actors.PhDUrban, Technological and Environmental Planning: Urban and Regional PlanningUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/105464/1/9124129.pdfDescription of 9124129.pdf : Restricted to UM users only
Neighborhood Planning Organizations: Perspectives and Choices
No full textReductions in government expenditures for human services have worsened conditions in lowincome urban neighborhoods at a time when needs are increasing. Despite these conditions, some neighborhood planning organizations have increased in scope and capacity. This article discusses the development, activities, and accomplishments of such organizations and raises questions and choices for practice. The author concludes that, despite accomplishments of neighborhoodplanning organizations, they alone cannot be expected to save urban areasfrom decline, for this requires national policy and intervention in the larger context in which planning operates.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66869/2/10.1177_002188638502100410.pd
Youth participation in empowerment planning: Studies of individual, organizational, and community change.
No full textDespite an increasing interest of planners in disenfranchised communities, there has been little emphasis on the involvement of young people. This dissertation presents in-depth case studies of three organizations in Seattle, Washington, in which young people plan and implement programs intended to create community change. It employs qualitative research methods, draws upon a larger study of a wide range of community organizations, and examines organizational goals and practices, roles of youth and adults, and other factors affecting outcomes for individuals, organizations, and communities. Special attention is paid to empowerment, which is defined as increase in both the capacity to create change as well as actual change in the balance of power in communities. Findings indicate that through multiple strategies of community organizing and empowering organizational practices, youth participants develop their capacities for creating change, and their organizations increase involvement and public recognition of youth as stakeholders in policy-making. These accomplishments cause adults to consult with youth, but without sharing power in decision-making.PhDSocial SciencesSocial structureUrban planningUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/124091/2/3001054.pd
Building Citizen Support for Planning at the Community Level
No full textPlanning practice is changing. Previous years of economic growth contributed to an increase in federal, state, and local planning agencies, in addition to regional and special purpose bodies with territorial or functional responsibilities. In times of growth, planning was viewed by many as a type of urban engineering and applied social science characterized by objective fact-finding and the so-called rational model. Leading texts emphasized technical research methods and hard data analysis, while government guidelines described scientific application of facts (Krueckeberg and Silvers, 1974; Spiegel and Hyman, 1978). Planners were akin to technical experts who analyzed data for other people who then considered alternatives and made decisions. Implementation was largely a matter of choice among technical alternatives. The plan, as a statement of reasoned deliberation and general public interest, was considered capable of generating support throughout the community. If some planners criticized contradictions between the rational model and actual practice, or used planning as a vehicle for power redistribution and social change, they were by no means typical in the field (Beyle and Lathrop, 1970; Burchell and Sernlieb, 1978; Boyer, 1983; Davidoff, 1965)
Research as community-building: Perspectives on the scholarship of engagement
No full textIf research were a form of community-building, what would it be? This article addresses this question, as well as some of the personal, professional and institutional issues that it raises for me, as a community worker and university professor. It draws upon a program in a metropolitan area that is simultaneously segregated and diverse, and examines ways of defining the problem, gathering the information and using the results – all the while working with community partners, without whom the work would not be.
Keywords: Research, community-building, university-community collaboratio
Did the New Right radicalize the women's movement? A study of change in feminist social movement organizations, 1977 to 1987.
No full textThis dissertation explores how the women's movement survived New Right attacks through the analysis of change in feminist social movement organizations (FSMOs) from 1977 to 1987. Nine FSMOs (3 NOW chapters, 3 anti-violence organizations, and 3 reproductive rights organizations) that experienced New Right activity are examined. The process of analytical induction guided a comparative case study approach. The original proposition asserted that environmental conditions generated by the New Right would radicalize FSMOs. Transformation patterns in collective action frames, authority mechanisms, participation options, and environmental relations were examined. Results indicated that while some radicalization occurred, most long-term change was conservative. These conservative changes were not viewed as necessarily negative, in that some resulted in more innovative and stable organizations. Developments were placed within environmental context hostile to feminism and were understood as survival strategies. This research underscores the complexity of organizational change; the importance of environmental analysis in the study of change; the consequences of pursuing social change through service delivery; the connections between ideational, structural, and material factors; and the need to examine movement-countermovement interactions over extended time periods.PhDSocial Work and SociologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/105714/1/9208564.pdfDescription of 9208564.pdf : Restricted to UM users only
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