1,188 research outputs found
Nealloptes Gaud and Mouchet
No full textGenus Nealloptes Gaud and Mouchet Nealloptes petazophorus (Trouessart, 1886) Hosts and distribution. This species was described ex Aramus guarauna (L.) (Gruiformes: Aramidae) from “ Nouvelle-Grenade ” (Trouessart 1886). However, this species was repeatedly found on Threskiornis aethiopicus (Latham) (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae) from Cameroon (M'balmayo) and Congo (Gaud & Mouchet 1957; Gaud 1982) and the latter author unambiguously said that the record from A. guarauna was the result of contamination. Remark. “ Nouvelle-Grenade ” is one of the old names used for the territory of Colombia, Panama and parts of Nicaragua, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.Published as part of Barreto, Mauricio, Burbano, María E., Proctor, Heather C., Mironov, Serge V. & Wauthy, Georges, 2012, Feather mites (Acariformes: Psoroptidia) from Colombia: Preliminary list with new records 3516, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3516 on page 1
Coraciacarus Dubinin
No full textGenus * Coraciacarus Dubinin Coraciacarus sp. A. Material examined. Ex Coccycua minuta (Vieillot) (Cuculiformes: Cuculidae): 3 males and 7 females, Dept. Valle del Cauca: Tuluá, Mateguadua, 20 September 1990, coll. V.H. Serrano, UV No. 6149. Coraciacarus sp. B. Material examined. Ex Coccyzus americanus (L.) (Cuculiformes: Cuculidae): 1 male and 4 females, Dept. Valle del Cauca: Cali, 1000 m, 8 May 1966, coll. J.I. Borrero, UV No. 192. Coraciacarus sp. C. Material examined. Ex Piaya cayana (L.) (Cuculiformes: Cuculidae): 3 males and 7 females, Dept. Valle del Cauca: Dagua, Zelandia, 1220 m, 31 May 1971, coll. J.I. Borrero & G. Cataño, UV No. 3336.Published as part of Barreto, Mauricio, Burbano, María E., Proctor, Heather C., Mironov, Serge V. & Wauthy, Georges, 2012, Feather mites (Acariformes: Psoroptidia) from Colombia: Preliminary list with new records 3516, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3516 on page 3
Grallolichus Gaud
No full textGenus * Grallolichus Gaud Grallolichus sp. A. Material examined. Ex Neocrex erythrops (Sclater) (Gruiformes: Rallidae): 1 female, Dept. Valle del Cauca: Buenaventura, Río Raposo, 1963, coll. J. Durán, UV No. 1514. Grallolichus sp. B. Material examined. Ex Porphyrio martinica (L.) (Gruiformes: Rallidae): 1 female, Colombia, no futher information, UV No. 6052. Grallolichus sp. C. Material examined. Ex Porzana albicollis (Vieillot) (Gruiformes: Rallidae): 2 females, Dept. Huila: Suaza, Finca Bélgica, 900 m, 24 February 1971, coll. C. del Águila, UV No. 3749.Published as part of Barreto, Mauricio, Burbano, María E., Proctor, Heather C., Mironov, Serge V. & Wauthy, Georges, 2012, Feather mites (Acariformes: Psoroptidia) from Colombia: Preliminary list with new records 3516, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3516 on page 4
Micralges Gaud and Atyeo
No full textGenus <i>Micralges</i> Gaud and Atyeo <p> <i>Micralges steganonotus</i> Gaud and Atyeo, 1991</p> <p> <b>Hosts and distribution.</b> This species was described ex <i>Columbina passerina</i> (L.) (Columbiformes: Columbidae) from Guadalupe. It was recorded from the same host in Puerto Rico and Trinidad, and ex <i>Columbina talpacoti</i> (Temminck) from Colombia and Guyana (Gaud & Atyeo 1991).</p>Published as part of <i>Barreto, Mauricio, Burbano, María E., Proctor, Heather C., Mironov, Serge V. & Wauthy, Georges, 2012, Feather mites (Acariformes: Psoroptidia) from Colombia: Preliminary list with new records 3516, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3516</i> on page 1
Actividad prebiótica de compuestos bioactivos producidos por el bioprocesamiento de salvado de trigo
Full text linkLos compuestos prebióticos son sustratos que no son metabolizados por las enzimas del hospedero, sino por su microbiota, los cuales proporcionan beneficios para la salud relacionados al tracto gastrointestinal, metabolismo cardíaco, la salud mental y ósea. Entre ellos encontramos los xilooligosacáridos (XOS), que son prebióticos emergentes derivados de arabinoxilanos, polisacáridos presentes en los cereales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar el bioprocesamiento del salvado de trigo, un subproducto de la producción de la harina de trigo, utilizando una cepa probiótica de Bacillus subtilis, para evaluar su actividad prebiótica. Para la determinación de la actividad prebiótica, se empleó un cultivo probiótico de Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®. Las pruebas se realizaron con muestras del cultivo de salvado de trigo bioprocesadas con B. subtilis. FTC01 a 37ºC en los tiempos de 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 y 72 horas. La evaluación de sus propiedades prebióticas fue realizada colocando 1% (v/v) del cultivo 24 h de L. acidophilus LA-5 (106 UFC/mL) en caldo MRS agregado con 10 mg/mL de xilosa (control) o muestras bioprocesadas. La actividad prebiótica se determinó por la diferencia entre la densidad óptica a 600 nm inmediatamente después de la inoculación y pasadas 24 h de incubación anaerobia a 37ºC. La puntuación máxima se encontró para las muestras bioprocesadas por 24 y 72 horas (1.73 y 1.61, respectivamente), indicando el crecimiento de la cepa probiótica. Por lo tanto, el bioprocesamiento del salvado de trigo permitió la obtención de prebióticos, que son compuestos bioactivos promisores para el desarrollo de productos funcionales y nuevos ingredientes para las industrias de alimentos y piensosFil: Reque, Priscilla Magro. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil).Fil: Pinilla Barreto, Cristian Mauricio . Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil).Fil: Brandelli, Adriano. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil)
Body mass index and health-related behaviours in a national cohort of 87 134 Thai open university students
No full textBackground: Thailand is undergoing a health-risk transition with overweight and obesity emerging as an important population health problem. This paper reports on a study of the transition, focusing on "lifestyle" factors such as diet (fried foods, soft drinks, Western-style fast foods) and physical activity (mild, moderate, strenuous exercise, housework/gardening and screen time). Methods: A baseline survey was administered to 87 134 adult students from all regions of Thailand attending an open university. Results: 54% of the cohort was female. Participants' median age was 29 years. By self-reported Asian standards, 16% of the sample was obese (body mass index (BMI)≥25) and 15% overweight at risk (BMI≥23-24.9). Men were twice as likely as women to be overweight (21% vs 9%) or obese (23% vs 10%). Obesity was associated with urban residence and doing little housework or gardening and with spending more than 4 hours a day watching television or using computers. The latter occurred among 30% of the cohort, with a population attributable fraction (PAF) suggesting that it accounts for 11% of the current problem. Daily consumption of fried food was associated with obesity, and eating fried foods every second day or daily had a PAF of nearly 20%. Conclusions: These health-related behaviours underpinning the Thai health transition are associated with increasing obesity. They are modifiable through policies addressing structural issues and with targeted health promotion activities to prevent future obesity gains. Insights into future trends in the Thai health transition can be gained as this student cohort ages
Estudio de Patología del Pabellón Santa Teresa y Manrique del Hospital de San José (Monumento Nacional)
Full text linkLas estructuras hospitalarias están catalogadas por el Reglamento Sismo Resistente NSR-10, como edificaciones indispensables las cuales se definen como: “aquellas edificaciones de atención a la comunidad que deben funcionar durante y después de un sismo, y cuya operación no puede ser trasladada rápidamente a un lugar seguro y que en estas dispongan servicios de cirugía, salas de cuidados intensivos y/o atención de urgencias”. Lo cual exigen que el Hospital San José deba regularizarse y adaptarse con los requerimientos actuales, ya que en la actualidad se considera una estructura vulnerable, pero que no puede ser intervenida tan fácilmente al estar regida bajo normativas de conservación patrimonial dentro de la máxima categoría que impide intervenciones directas en la distribución espacial y la estructura física, lo cual se contrapone a la normativa del ministerio de salud y protección social la cual requiere áreas mayores y ciertas especificaciones técnicas, y a la NSR-10 en cuanto a las comunes intervenciones para reforzamiento que se realizan en diversas estructuras y que en esta resultaría en un daño a la arquitectura del pabellón patrimonial. Bajo lo anteriormente expuesto es necesario realizar un estudio patológico y un diseño adecuado que cumpla con cada una de las normativas mencionadas preservando el valor histórico de esta estructura.
El Estudio realizado a la estructura se basó en la metodología Rehabimed el cual reúne las diferentes metodologías utilizadas por más de 150 expertos de 15 diferentes países para rehabilitación de arquitectura tradicional, seguido de un análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica según Reglamento Colombiano de construcciones Sismo Resistentes NSR-10. Como resultado del estudio se encuentra que la estructura ha sido gravemente afectada por intervenciones inadecuadas que han afectado el valor histórico patrimonial de la misma (perforaciones en muros para tubería, apertura de vanos en muros de carga, intersección de ventanas en unión de cielo rasos en drywall) además de falta de mantenimiento adecuado lo que ha generado la aparición de hongos , así como el ingreso de palomas en cubiertas que generan gran cantidad de suciedad por excremento y afectación de los elementos de madera., sin embargo, a pesar del acceso de dichos animales en la cubierta , lo elementos de madera no se encontraron en estado moderado o severo de daño. La lesión más relevante encontrada correspondió a una grieta que atravesaba el piso de losa maciza, generado por movimientos a los que se ha visto afectada la estructura por efecto de torsión, posiblemente por un sismo, además de los propios procesos constructivos de la época ya que se encontró que dicha placa está conformada por cemento, cal y canto rodado además de varilla lisa , estos últimos es de recordarse que no son permitidos dentro de la normativa actual, adicional se encontró que la placa en esta zona ha sido sometida a cargas diferentes a la cual fue diseñada y construida inicialmente , lo anterior debido a divisiones construidas durante diversas décadas que van desde muros en mampostería hasta drywall , más las cargas de equipos y mobiliarios diferentes a los existentes durante la época en la cual se construyó dicho pabellón. Por último se genera a partir de las lesiones encontradas una propuesta de intervención, en la cual se diseña una propuesta de reforzamiento sismo resistente que cumpla con los requisitos exigidos por el Decreto 1080de 2015 de protección del patrimonio y del Reglamento Colombiano de Construcciones Sismo resistentes NSR-10.Hospital structures are listed by the NSR-10 Resistant Earthquake Standard, as indispensable buildings which are defined as: “those community care buildings that must function during and after an earthquake, and whose operation cannot be quickly transferred to a safe place and that they have surgery services, intensive care rooms and / or emergency care”. Which requires that the San José Hospital must be regularized and adapted to the current Standards, so the hospital is currently considered a vulnerable structure, but that it cannot be so easily intervened by being governed by patrimonial conservation regulations within the highest category that prevents direct interventions in the spatial distribution and physical structure, which contrasts with the regulations of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection which requires larger areas and certain technical specifications, and the NSR-10 regarding common interventions for reinforcement that are carried out in various structures and that in this would result in damage to the architecture of the patrimonial pavilion. Considering the above, it is necessary to carry out a pathological study and an adequate design that complies with each of the mentioned regulations and standards preserving the historical value of this structure. The Study carried out on the structure was based on the Rehabimed methodology which brings together the different methodologies used by more than 150 experts from 15 different countries for the rehabilitation of traditional architecture, followed by an analysis of seismic vulnerability according to Colombian Standards of Earthquake Resistant Construction NSR-10. As a result of the study it is found that the structure has been severely affected by inadequate interventions that have affected its historical patrimonial value (perforations in walls because pipes, opening in load-bearing walls, intersection of windows in connection with ceilings in drywall) in addition to lack of proper maintenance what has generated the appearance of fungi, as well as the entry of pigeons on roofs that generate a large amount of dirt due to excrement and affectation of the wooden elements. However, despite the access of mentioned animals on the roof, the wooden elements were not in a moderate or severe state of damage. The most relevant lesion found corresponded to a crack that crossed the solid slab floor, generated by movements that have been affected by the torsion effect, possibly by an earthquake, in addition to the construction processes of the time since it was found that slab is made up of cement, lime and smooth rod, the smooth rod, are not allowed under current standards, additionally it was found that the slab in this area has been subjected to loads other than which was initially designed and built, due to divisions built over several decades, in masonry walls to drywall, plus loads of equipment and furniture different than those using during the time in which said pavilion was built. Finally, an intervention proposal is generated from the injuries found, in which a resistant earthquake reinforcement proposal is designed that complies with the requirements demanded by Decree 1080 of 2015 of patrimonial protection and of the Colombian Standards of Earthquake Resistant Constructions NSR -10Especialista en Patología de la construccionhttp://www.ustadistancia.edu.co/?page_id=3956Especializació
Recent diarrhoeal illness and risk of lower respiratory infections in children under the age of 5 years.
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Children in low-income settings suffering from frequent diarrhoea episodes are also at a high risk of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI). We explored whether this is due to common risk factors for both conditions or whether diarrhoea can increase the risk of ALRI directly. METHODS: We used a dynamic time-to-event analysis of data from two large child studies in low-income settings in Ghana and Brazil, with the cumulative diarrhoea prevalence over 2 weeks as the exposure and severe ALRI as outcome. The analysis was adjusted for baseline risk of ALRI and diarrhoea, seasonality and age. RESULTS: The child population from Ghana had a much higher risk of diarrhoea, malnutrition and death than the children in Brazil. In the data from Ghana, every additional day of diarrhoea within 2 weeks increased the risk of ALRI by a factor of 1.08 (95% CI 1.00-1.15). In addition, we found a roughly linear relationship between the number of diarrhoea days over the last 28 days and the risk of ALRI. In the Ghana data, 26% of ALRI episodes may be due to recent exposure to diarrhoea. The Brazilian data gave no evidence for an association between diarrhoea and ALRI. CONCLUSION: Diarrhoea may contribute substantially to the burden of ALRI in malnourished child populations
Lutzomyia sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from middle and lower Putumayo department, Colombia, with new records to the country
No full textA total of 4,840 phlebotomine sand flies from 54 localities in Putumayo department (=state), in the Colombian Amazon region, were collected in Shannon traps, CDC light traps, resting places and from human baits. At least 42 Lutzomyia species were registered for the first time to the department. Psychodopygus and Nyssomyia were the subgenera with the greatest number of taxa, the most common species being L. (N.) yuilli and L. (N.) pajoti. They were sympatric in a wide zone of Putumayo, indicating that they should be treated as full species (new status). Among the anthropophilic sand flies, L. gomezi and L. yuilli were found in intradomiciliar, peridomestic, urban or forest habitats. L. richardwardi, L. claustrei, L. nocticola and L. micropyga are reported for the first time in the Colombian Amazon basin. L. pajoti, L. sipani and L. yucumensis are new records for Colombia
Causa versus predição: história de banhos em rios como fator de risco e preditor da infecção pelo Schistosoma mansoni Cause versus prediction: the history of river-bathing as a risk factor and a predictor of infection by Schistosoma mansoni
No full textAtravés da análise das relações existentes entre as medidas de risco e as medidas de eficiência de testes de diagnóstico ou triagem, são discutidos os problemas e limitações concernentes ao uso de fatores de risco na predição da distribuição de efeitos (infecção, doença, cura) em uma população. Para ilustrar o tema, foi utilizada a associação, em crianças, entre a questão "você já tomou banhos em rios?", muito utilizada em anamneses clínicas ensinadas em diversas escolas médicas do Brasil, e a infecção pelo Schistosoma mansoni. A história de banhos em rios, enquanto um importante fator de risco, mostrou-se mau preditor da ocorrência da infecção esquistossomótica. A análise demonstrou que este achado é, em grande parte, devido a baixa freqüência de história negativa de banhos em rios. Porém, a possibilidade da utilização de fatores de risco isoladamente ou agrupados, com o objetivo de predição de efeitos, é possível e desejável. Apesar de pouco explorado nos seus aspectos práticos ou conceituais, esta área de conhecimento representa um importante ponto de convergência entre a epidemiologia das causas e a epidemiologia das intervenções.The analysis of the relationship between those parameters used to measure risk and those used to measure efficiency of diagnostic or screening tests is used, in this paper, to demonstrate the limitations of the use of risk factors as predictors of outcomes distribution in a population. The issue was illustrated by the study of the association, in children, of reported bathing in rivers by asking children if they bathed in rivers and the occurrence of Schistosoma mansoni infection. This question in the above context is important because it is part of the clinical anamnesis taught in several Brazilian medical schools. However, while the history of bathing in rivers proved to be a high risk factor it was a bad discriminator between infected and non-infected children. This finding is demonstrated to be mainly related to the low frequency of people with a negative history of bathing in rivers. But, in general, it was shown that the use of isolated or grouped risk factors in the prediction of outcomes is possible and desirable. The field of knowledge discussed in this paper is not yet well explored in its conceptual and practical aspects. However, it represents an important point of convergence between the epidemiology of the causes and the epidemiology of the interventions
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