1,721,022 research outputs found
Planning Well-Balanced Vegetarian Diets in Infants, Children, and Adolescents: The VegPlate Junior
No full textVegetarian diets, defined as being devoid of flesh foods (such as meat, poultry, wild game, seafood, and their products), are followed by a growing number of people worldwide because of ethical, health, and environmental reasons.1 Vegetarian diets include a variety of plant-based foods such as grains, legumes, nuts and seeds, fruits, and vegetables, and may or may not include dairy products and eggs. Vegan diets exclude all animal foods.
Although for over 30 years we have known that well-planned vegetarian diets, including vegan, are nutritionally adequate and promote regular growth from the early years of human development on,2, 3, 4 some researchers still discourage parents from raising vegetarian children.5, 6
This may be at least partially accounted for by the fact that children following very restrictive vegetarian patterns, which limit food choices and calorie intake, have been described.7 These dietary patterns do not meet the criteria to be defined as well planned,8 and therefore no conclusions about the growth of children following them should be made.
In Italy, 7.1% of the population follows a vegetarian diet (6.2% a lacto-ovo-vegetarian and 0.9% a vegan diet), a percentage that has nearly doubled in the last 5 years.9 The exact number of vegetarian children is not known, but likely vegetarian parents would raise children following the same dietary pattern.
Various Vegetarian Food Guides have been proposed for adult vegetarians since 1997,8 but so far none specifically for vegetarians aged 6 months to 17 years. Therefore, we designed the VegPlate Junior (VPJ), a Vegetarian Food Guide specific for dietary planning in infancy, childhood, and adolescence, and conceived to meet the Italian, as well as US, Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).10, 11 Diets obtained with the VPJ method meet all the criteria defining a vegetarian diet as “well-planned”8 and are therefore suitable for promoting thriving and regular growth.
These criteria are:
•
Including a wide variety of plant foods, such as grains, legumes and their derivatives, nuts and seeds, vegetables, and fruit. Dairy products and eggs are considered optional.
•
Carefully choosing vegetable fats, consuming good sources of n-3 fatty acids, such as flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts.
•
Including reliable sources of calcium and paying attention to the status of both vitamin B-12 and vitamin D.
The aim of the VPJ is to help health care professionals in advising vegetarian parents, because parental education plays a central role in achieving optimal dietary patterns in vegetarian children.1
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Russia intertestuale. Citazioni e riscritture in ambito slavo. Numero Speciale
No full textIl volume nasce dalle riflessioni scaturite nella cornice del convegno dottorale in studi slavistici intitolato "Le forme dell’Intertestualità: dalla citazione all’allusione", organizzato dalle curatrici presso l'Università di Udine a fine novembre 2018
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
