1,720,983 research outputs found
A systematic review and meta-analysis of sleep quality in inactive inflammatory bowel disease
No full textBackground
Poor sleep in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been demonstrated to be prevalent and has been associated with disease activity. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between poor sleep in inactive inflammatory bowel disease and controls by considering cohort and cross-sectional studies.
Methods
Electronic databases were searched for publications from inception to November 1st 2021. Poor sleep was defined according to subjective sleep measures. IBD activity was defined according to subjective measures. A random effects model was used to determine the standardised mean difference between poor sleep in inactive IBD and controls. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Egger’s test.
Results
519 studies were screened with 9 studies included in the meta-analysis incorporating a total of 729 people with IBD and 508 controls. A random effects model showed a standardised mean difference with poor sleep more frequent in those with inactive IBD than controls with moderate effect size (Hedge’s g 0.41, CI (0.22-0.59) and no significant heterogenitity. There was no publication bias evident.
Conclusion
Poor sleep is more common in people with inactive IBD than in controls. This suggests that IBD activity may not be the sole driver of the observed poor sleep in this population. Further studies should consider the role of subclinical inflammation in sleep quality in people with IBD
Prevalence of poor sleep in people with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textMeta-analysis of the pooled prevalance of poor sleep as defined by subjective sleep measures in people with IBD. A meta-analysis is also conducted of rates of poor sleep in people with IBD in reference to healthy controls
A systematic review and meta-analysis of inflammatory bowel disease activity and sleep quality
No full textA systematic review and meta-analysis of inflammatory bowel disease activity and sleep qualit
New methodologies to reduce measurement bias in high-throughput LA-ICP-MS and X-ray CT, and applications to planktonic foraminifera
No full textThis commentary presents advancements in the study of foraminifera by integrating high-resolution imaging, innovative data processing methodologies, and geochemical analysis to investigate environmental, ecological, and evolutionary dynamics preserved in marine sediment cores. I present ten recommendations for X-ray microfocus computed tomography (μCT) imaging to enhance the volumetric analysis of individual foraminifera, enabling precise characterisation of internal structures such as chamber volumes, shapes, and pore distributions. These structures form the basis for linking morphology to environmental gradients and understanding species-specific adaptations to oxygen minimum zones.Geochemical analysis using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) revealed ontogenetic trends in chamber wall thickness, demonstrating that earlier chambers are thicker due to secondary calcite overgrowth and more representative of environmental conditions compared to the penultimate and final chambers. Results suggest that Mg/Ca ratios in earlier chambers correlate strongly with δ18O, offering more reliable palaeoclimate reconstructions.I present the LABLASTER package for the R statistical environment to automate data reduction workflows, improving accuracy, transparency, and reproducibility in geochemical analyses. By algorithmically detecting laser ablation endpoints in time-resolved LA-ICP-MS data, LABLASTER ensures consistent targeting of biologically relevant signals, facilitating more precise extraction of geochemical data from heterogenous bioarchives. These methodological advances establish a robust framework for studying morphological and geochemical signals in foraminifera and other carbonate-shelled organisms, providing new insights into past environments and evolutionary dynamics
Analysing planktonic foraminiferal growth in three dimensions with foram3D: an R package for automated trait measurements from CT scans
No full textForaminifera are one of the few taxa that preserve their entire ontogeny in their fossilised remains. Revealing this ontogeny through micro-computed tomography (CT) of fossil planktonic foraminifera has greatly improved our understanding of their life history and allows accurate quantification of total shell volume, growth rates and developmental constraints throughout an individual's life. Studies using CT scans currently mainly focus on chamber size, but the wealth of three-dimensional data generated by CT scans has the potential to reconstruct complete growth trajectories. Here we present an open-source R package to analyse growth in three-dimensional space. Using only the centroid xyz coordinates of every chamber, the functions determine the growth sequence and check that chambers are in the correct order. Once the order of growth has been verified, the functions calculate distances and angles between subsequent chambers, determine the total number of whorls and the number of chambers in the final whorl at the time each chamber was built, and, for the first time, quantify trochospirality. The applications of this package will enable repeatable analysis of large data sets and quantification of key taxonomic traits and ultimately provide new insights into the effects of ontogeny on evolution
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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