1,721,045 research outputs found
Nutritional supplement and doping use in sport. Possible underlying social cognitive processes
No full textThere is growing evidence suggesting that nutritional supplement (NS) use is strongly associated to doping use in elite and amateur sports. However, there is a paucity of research on the psychological processes that underlie this association. The present study investigated the cognitive and behavioral components of the association between NS use and doping among adolescent sub-elite athletes. Six hundred and fifty adolescent athletes completed a questionnaire including measures of doping intentions, attitudes, norms, and beliefs about NS use. The results showed that NS users who did not report doping use had significantly stronger doping intentions and more positive attitudes and favorable beliefs toward doping use, as compared with athletes who did not use NS. In support of the "shared mental representations" hypothesis, the present findings show that NS use is associated with biased reasoning patterns in favor of doping use. This mechanism may explain why some NS users decide to engage in doping
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
More than a feeling: The role of anticipated regret in predicting doping intentions in adolescent athletes
No full textObjectives: Anticipated affective responses influence decision-making processes in profound ways. The present study emphasized the role of anticipated regret and assessed the additive and interactive effects of anticipated regret in predicting doping intentions among adolescent athletes.
Design: Survey-based, correlational.
Method: Two hundred and sixteen adolescent athletes (M age = 17.37, SD = 1.68, 79.1% males) from team sports took part in the study and completed structured and anonymous questionnaires on social cognitive variables relevant to doping use, anticipated regret from engaging in doping and doping intentions.
Results: Variance-based structural equation modeling showed that anticipated regret significantly predicted doping intentions over and above the effects of past use of doping substances and nutritional supplements, and other social cognitive predictors, and the overall model predicted 72% of the variance in doping intentions. Further analysis of interaction effects showed that anticipated regret significantly interacted with past use of nutritional supplements, and subjective and descriptive social norms in predicting doping intentions.
Conclusions: Anticipated regret represents a theoretically relevant and important predictor of doping intentions in sports, and can have a protective role against pro-doping use intentions among athletes with past use of nutritional supplements. Regret also appears to be relevant to social norms and expectations, thus, highlighting for the first time a normative component in the process linking anticipated affective responses with behavioural intentions
Predictors of physical activity engagement in older European adults living in urban settings: An ecological model
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Athletes from Great Britain report greater doping likelihood than Greek and Italian athletes: A cross-sectional survey of over 4,000 athletes
Get PDFIn the past twenty years, a large body of research has examined who is more likely to dope as a function of participant variables, such as gender, sport type, and competition level. However, this research is limited as studies are often conducted on modest sample sizes from one country. To overcome this issue, we recruited a large sample of athletes across three countries to examine differences in doping likelihood as a function of participant variables. Athletes (N=4,644) were recruited from Great Britain (n =2,505), Greece (n =1,044), and Italy (n =1,095) and asked to complete an anonymous measure of doping likelihood. Results indicated that doping likelihood scores were greater in men than women, for athletes competing in non-Olympic sports (e.g., American football, kickboxing, netball) than Olympic sports (e.g., Athletics, basketball, football) and in British athletes than both Greek and Italian athletes. We found an interaction between country and competitive level. Specifically, in Great Britain, higher competitive level athletes reported greater doping likelihood than lower competitive level athletes, which was not found for Greek and Italian athletes. Our results highlight that athletes report greater doping likelihood for those that are 1) from Great Britain, 2) men, and 3) participating in non-Olympic sports. We also show that differences in doping likelihood between competition levels may differ depending on country of residence
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