1,720,966 research outputs found
The cooccurrence, shared genetic aetiology and causal associations between tobacco use and psychotic experiences
No full textPsychotic experiences (PE) are traits in the general population that resemble psychotic symptoms. PE are associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and those affected by these traits or disorders are more likely to smoke tobacco. However, studies on adolescent smoking behaviours and PE have not considered PE dimensionally, adequately accounted for confounding, or included negative symptom traits. Longitudinal studies suggest that smoking may precede PE, but findings are inconclusive. This thesis presents evidence on the phenotypic and genetic associations
between PE and smoking behaviours, with an emphasis on adolescent development.
Chapter 2 provides a systematic review of the literature on the association between PE
and smoking behaviour. In Chapter 3, regression analyses are conducted on the
association between the regularity of tobacco use and domains of PE during adolescence
accounting for several confounding factors. Chapter 4 presents the first twin study to
explore the degree to which PE share genetic and environmental influences with
smoking in a large adolescent sample. Chapter 5 investigates the degree to which
adolescent and adult PE, schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder are
influenced by overlapping common genetic variants using genome-wide association
summary statistics. Chapter 6 investigates genetic associations between smoking
behaviours and psychiatric disorders and PE accounting for the genetic influences on
covariates. It also investigates causal associations between smoking initiation and PE
and psychiatric disorders using Mendelian randomization. This thesis concludes with a
discussion of the main findings, broader themes, limitations and conclusions. Evidence from this thesis supports phenotypic and genetic associations between
smoking and PE during adolescence. This thesis provides novel insights into the
aetiology of PE over the lifespan and the underlying reasons why PE cooccur with
smoking behaviour. It strengthens the evidence base for a specific biological link
between smoking and psychiatric illness
The cooccurrence, shared genetic aetiology and causal associations between tobacco use and psychotic experiences
Get PDFPsychotic experiences (PE) are traits in the general population that resemble psychotic symptoms. PE are associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and those affected by these traits or disorders are more likely to smoke tobacco. However, studies on adolescent smoking behaviours and PE have not considered PE dimensionally, adequately accounted for confounding, or included negative symptom traits. Longitudinal studies suggest that smoking may precede PE, but findings are inconclusive. This thesis presents evidence on the phenotypic and genetic associations
between PE and smoking behaviours, with an emphasis on adolescent development.
Chapter 2 provides a systematic review of the literature on the association between PE
and smoking behaviour. In Chapter 3, regression analyses are conducted on the
association between the regularity of tobacco use and domains of PE during adolescence
accounting for several confounding factors. Chapter 4 presents the first twin study to
explore the degree to which PE share genetic and environmental influences with
smoking in a large adolescent sample. Chapter 5 investigates the degree to which
adolescent and adult PE, schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder are
influenced by overlapping common genetic variants using genome-wide association
summary statistics. Chapter 6 investigates genetic associations between smoking
behaviours and psychiatric disorders and PE accounting for the genetic influences on
covariates. It also investigates causal associations between smoking initiation and PE
and psychiatric disorders using Mendelian randomization. This thesis concludes with a
discussion of the main findings, broader themes, limitations and conclusions. Evidence from this thesis supports phenotypic and genetic associations between
smoking and PE during adolescence. This thesis provides novel insights into the
aetiology of PE over the lifespan and the underlying reasons why PE cooccur with
smoking behaviour. It strengthens the evidence base for a specific biological link
between smoking and psychiatric illness
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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