2,551 research outputs found
The carbon footprint and embodied energy of construction material: A comparative analysis of South African BRT stations
No full textThis article describes strategic design decisions that architects can make during the initial stages of a project to minimise the use of construction materials, reduce carbon emissions and increase energy efficiency. A proposed prototypical Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) station Switch is used as a case study. The investigation focuses on minimising the use of construction materials through an iterative design and assessment process. This article extends an earlier study which analysed existing BRT stations in South Africa by conducting comparative life-cycle analyses (LCA). The earlier study by Hugo, Stoffberg & Barker (2012) identified a series of guidelines to inform the design of low-carbon and embodied energy BRT stations and determined a specific station, the MyCiti station, as the most efficient in terms of its carbon footprint and embodied energy intensity. As a result, the MyCiti station was identified as benchmark for future LCAs of station designs. The Switch prototypical BRT station is purpose designed for the Tshwane1 context and uses the identified guidelines (Hugo, Stoffberg & Barker, 2012) as well as carbon footprint (CF) and embodied energy (EE) of construction systems and materials as design informants generated from a study conducted by Jones (2011b). These informed material choices, use of low-carbon structural systems and integration of multifunctional station components. A cradle-to-gate2 life-cycle assessment compares the CF and EE of the Switch station and an existing South African precedent, the MyCiti station in Cape Town. The Switch station is 35% and 34% (4.08 GJ/m2 & 378.6kgCO2/m2 vs 6.28 GJ/m2 & 574.7kgCO2/m2) more efficient than the existing MyCiti station, in terms of respective embodied energy intensity and carbon-footprint intensity. This prototype is proposed as a benchmark for prospective life-cycle analyses to inform the material choice and design of future BRT stations in South Africa
The carbon footprint and embodied energy of construction material: a comparative analysis of South African BRT stations
No full textEnglish: This article describes strategic design decisions that architects can make during
the initial stages of a project to minimise the use of construction materials,
reduce carbon emissions and increase energy efficiency. A proposed
prototypical Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) station Switch is used as a case study. The
investigation focuses on minimising the use of construction materials through an
iterative design and assessment process.
This article extends an earlier study which analysed existing BRT stations in South
Africa by conducting comparative life-cycle analyses (LCA). The earlier study
by Hugo, Stoffberg & Barker (2012) identified a series of guidelines to inform the
design of low-carbon and embodied energy BRT stations and determined a
specific station, the MyCiti station, as the most efficient in terms of its carbon
footprint and embodied energy intensity. As a result, the MyCiti station was
identified as benchmark for future LCAs of station designs.
The Switch prototypical BRT station is purpose designed for the Tshwane1 context
and uses the identified guidelines (Hugo, Stoffberg & Barker, 2012) as well as
carbon footprint (CF) and embodied energy (EE) of construction systems and
materials as design informants generated from a study conducted by Jones
(2011b). These informed material choices, use of low-carbon structural systems
and integration of multifunctional station components.
A cradle-to-gate2 life-cycle assessment compares the CF and EE of the Switch
station and an existing South African precedent, the MyCiti station in Cape Town. The Switch station is 35% and 34% (4.08 GJ/m2 & 378.6kgCO2/m2 vs
6.28 GJ/m2 & 574.7kgCO2/m2) more efficient than the existing MyCiti station, in
terms of respective embodied energy intensity and carbon-footprint intensity.
This prototype is proposed as a benchmark for prospective life-cycle analyses
to inform the material choice and design of future BRT stations in South Africa.Afrikaans: Hierdie artikel bespreek strategiese besluite wat argitekte kan neem tydens
die aanvanklike ontwerpsfase van ‘n projek om die gebruik van konstruksiemateriaal
te verminder, by te dra tot die mitigasie van klimaatsverandering en
energiedoeltreffendheid te verbeter. Deur gebruik te maak van ‘n voorgestelde
‘Bus Rapid Transit’ (BRT) stasie Switch, as gevallestudie, fokus die studie op die
vermindering van konstruksie-materiaal verbruik deur iteratiewe ontwerps- en
hersieningsprosesse.
Die artikel brei uit op ‘n vorige studie waarin bestaande BRT-stasies in Suid-
Afrika geanaliseer is. Deur gebruik te maak van ‘n vergelykende lewenssiklusanalise
(LSA) het die studie deur Hugo, Stoffberg & Barker (2012) ‘n reeks riglyne
geïdentifiseer wat die ontwerp van ‘n lae koolstof en ingeslote energie BRT‑stasie
kan inlig. Verder het die studie ook ‘n spesifieke stasie, die MyCiti-stasie,
geïdentifiseer as die mees effektiewe stasie in terme van sy koolstofinhoud en
ingeslote energie intensiteit. Hierdie stasie is as normtoets vir toekomstige LSA’s
van stasie-ontwerpe geïdentifiseer.
Die Switch prototipiese stasie is spesifiek ontwerp vir die Tshwane-konteks3
en maak gebruik van spesifieke riglyne (Hugo et al., 2012) sowel as die
koolstofinhoud en ingeslote energie van konstruksie-materiaal en -sisteme as
ontwerpsinvloede. Hierdie koolstofinhoud en ingeslote energiewaardes bereken
van ‘n studie onderneem deur Jones (2011b) was die bepalende faktor vir die
materiaal keuse, gebruik van lae koolstofkonstruksiesisteme en die integrasie
van veeldoelige stasiekomponente.
Die ‘cradle-to-gate’-LSA4 vergelyk die koolstofinhoud en ingeslote energie van
die Switch-stasie met ‘n bestaande Suid-Afrikaanse stasie, naamlik die MyCitistasie
in Kaapstad. Die navorsing (Hugo et al., 2012) onthul dat die Switch-stasie
onderskeidelik ‘n 35% en 34% (4.08 GJ/m2 & 378.6 kgCO2/m2 vs. 6.28 GJ/m2 &
574.7 kgCO2/m2) laer ingeslote energie en koolstofinhoudintensiteit het as die
bestaande MyCiti-stasie.
Hierdie prototipe fokus daarop om as normtoets vir toekomstige
lewensiklusanalises, die materiaal keuse en ontwerp van daaropvolgende BRTstasies
te begelei.Publisher's versio
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GJ 3929: High-precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and Its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion
No full textWe detail the follow-up and characterization of a transiting exo-Venus identified by TESS, GJ 3929b (TOI-2013b), and its nontransiting companion planet, GJ 3929c (TOI-2013c). GJ 3929b is an Earth-sized exoplanet in its star’s Venus zone (P b = 2.616272 ± 0.000005 days; Sb = 17.3 − 0.7 + 0.8 S ⊕) orbiting a nearby M dwarf. GJ 3929c is most likely a nontransiting sub-Neptune. Using the new, ultraprecise NEID spectrometer on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, we are able to modify the mass constraints of planet b reported in previous works and consequently improve the significance of the mass measurement to almost 4σ confidence (M b = 1.75 ± 0.45 M ⊕). We further adjust the orbital period of planet c from its alias at 14.30 ± 0.03 days to the likely true period of 15.04 ± 0.03 days, and we adjust its minimum mass to m sin i = 5.71 ± 0.92 M ⊕. Using the diffuser-assisted ARCTIC imager on the ARC 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory, in addition to publicly available TESS and LCOGT photometry, we are able to constrain the radius of planet b to R p = 1.09 ± 0.04 R ⊕. GJ 3929b is a top candidate for transmission spectroscopy in its size regime (TSM = 14 ± 4), and future atmospheric studies of GJ 3929b stand to shed light on the nature of small planets orbiting M dwarfs. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
The carbon footprint and embodied energy of construction material : a comparative analysis of South African BRT stations
No full textThis article describes strategic design decisions that architects can make during
the initial stages of a project to minimise the use of construction materials,
reduce carbon emissions and increase energy efficiency. A proposed
prototypical Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) station Switch is used as a case study. The
investigation focuses on minimising the use of construction materials through an
iterative design and assessment process.
This article extends an earlier study which analysed existing BRT stations in South
Africa by conducting comparative life-cycle analyses (LCA). The earlier study
by Hugo, Stoffberg & Barker (2012) identified a series of guidelines to inform the
design of low-carbon and embodied energy BRT stations and determined a
specific station, the MyCiti station, as the most efficient in terms of its carbon
footprint and embodied energy intensity. As a result, the MyCiti station was
identified as benchmark for future LCAs of station designs.
The Switch prototypical BRT station is purpose designed for the Tshwane1 context
and uses the identified guidelines (Hugo, Stoffberg & Barker, 2012) as well as
carbon footprint (CF) and embodied energy (EE) of construction systems and
materials as design informants generated from a study conducted by Jones
(2011b). These informed material choices, use of low-carbon structural systems
and integration of multifunctional station components.
A cradle-to-gate2 life-cycle assessment compares the CF and EE of the Switch
station and an existing South African precedent, the MyCiti station in Cape Town. The Switch station is 35% and 34% (4.08 GJ/m2 & 378.6kgCO2/m2 vs
6.28 GJ/m2 & 574.7kgCO2/m2) more efficient than the existing MyCiti station, in
terms of respective embodied energy intensity and carbon-footprint intensity.
This prototype is proposed as a benchmark for prospective life-cycle analyses
to inform the material choice and design of future BRT stations in South Africa.Hierdie artikel bespreek strategiese besluite wat argitekte kan neem tydens
die aanvanklike ontwerpsfase van ‘n projek om die gebruik van konstruksiemateriaal
te verminder, by te dra tot die mitigasie van klimaatsverandering en
energiedoeltreffendheid te verbeter. Deur gebruik te maak van ‘n voorgestelde
‘Bus Rapid Transit’ (BRT) stasie Switch, as gevallestudie, fokus die studie op die
vermindering van konstruksie-materiaal verbruik deur iteratiewe ontwerps- en
hersieningsprosesse.
Die artikel brei uit op ‘n vorige studie waarin bestaande BRT-stasies in Suid-
Afrika geanaliseer is. Deur gebruik te maak van ‘n vergelykende lewenssiklusanalise
(LSA) het die studie deur Hugo, Stoffberg & Barker (2012) ‘n reeks riglyne
geïdentifiseer wat die ontwerp van ‘n lae koolstof en ingeslote energie BRT‑stasie
kan inlig. Verder het die studie ook ‘n spesifieke stasie, die MyCiti-stasie,
geïdentifiseer as die mees effektiewe stasie in terme van sy koolstofinhoud en
ingeslote energie intensiteit. Hierdie stasie is as normtoets vir toekomstige LSA’s
van stasie-ontwerpe geïdentifiseer.
Die Switch prototipiese stasie is spesifiek ontwerp vir die Tshwane-konteks3
en maak gebruik van spesifieke riglyne (Hugo et al., 2012) sowel as die
koolstofinhoud en ingeslote energie van konstruksie-materiaal en -sisteme as
ontwerpsinvloede. Hierdie koolstofinhoud en ingeslote energiewaardes bereken
van ‘n studie onderneem deur Jones (2011b) was die bepalende faktor vir die
materiaal keuse, gebruik van lae koolstofkonstruksiesisteme en die integrasie
van veeldoelige stasiekomponente.
Die ‘cradle-to-gate’-LSA4 vergelyk die koolstofinhoud en ingeslote energie van
die Switch-stasie met ‘n bestaande Suid-Afrikaanse stasie, naamlik die MyCitistasie
in Kaapstad. Die navorsing (Hugo et al., 2012) onthul dat die Switch-stasie
onderskeidelik ‘n 35% en 34% (4.08 GJ/m2 & 378.6 kgCO2/m2 vs. 6.28 GJ/m2 &
574.7 kgCO2/m2) laer ingeslote energie en koolstofinhoudintensiteit het as die
bestaande MyCiti-stasie.
Hierdie prototipe fokus daarop om as normtoets vir toekomstige
lewensiklusanalises, die materiaal keuse en ontwerp van daaropvolgende BRTstasies
te begelei.The United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) and Global Environment Facility
(GEF).http://reference.sabinet.co.za/sa_epublication/structam201
The Optimization of the Performance Management for Operators in GJ Company Xiamen
No full text本文以绩效管理的基本理论和GJ厦门厂的实际情况为基础，分析了GJ厦门厂一线作业员绩效管理的问题点，并结合公司目前的实际情况提出一线作业员的绩效管理改善方案。该方案以平衡计分卡的绩效管理体系为逻辑，将公司的战略目标分解到制造处，再分解至一线作业员，让作业员的绩效也能从财务面、客户面、内部运营面、学习成长面四个维度上对公司的战略发展起到支撑作用，以促进组织战略目标的实现。 在绩效管理改进方案中，作者特别强调沟通在绩效管理过程中的重要作用，它贯穿了绩效管理的整个过程。沟通有助于促进员工个人绩效的提升和员工个人的成长，从而提升组织的整体效益。 根据GJ厦门厂的实际情况，将一线作业员的绩效考核结...In this paper, operators’ performance management problems in GJ Company are analyzed based on the basic theory of performance management and the real situation of the company. The author propose to break down the company’s strategic targets to lower levels with balanced scorecard system by four levels of financial, customer, internal operation, learning and developing. So that operators’ performa...学位：管理学硕士院系专业：管理学院_工商管理硕士(工商管理硕士)学号：1792012115103
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CACHD1: a new activity-modifying protein for voltage-gated calcium channels
No full textAutocommentary to: Cottrell GS, Soubrane CH, Hounshell JA, Lin H, Owenson V, Rigby M, Cox PJ, Barker BS, Ottolini M, Ince S, Bauer, CC, Perez-Reyes E, Patel MK, Stevens EB, Stephens GJ (2018) CACHD1 is an 2-like protein that modulates CaV3 voltage-gated calcium channel activity J Neurosci 38:9186-9201
Exergy comparison of lunar propellant manufacturing and insertion into LEO using a fully reusable refueling rocket
No full textQuantifying the exergy requirement of propellant insertion into LEO can lead to insight into the feasibility of a lunar propellant-generating architecture. Spacecraft leaving from Earth can greatly reduce their lift-off mass if in-space refueling would possible. Exergy analyses quantify the available energy of a system and show where a reduction in usable energy occurs. Insight into the exergy destruction and input provides a key parameter into the scaling and design of processes and corresponding power systems. The present study aims to define an exergy environment in the lunar PSRs and then to analyze the exergy destruction related to the production of oxygen, ALICE, and hydrolox, in terms of both manufacturing and transportation using a two-stage fully reusable rocket. Extraction processes for ALICE and hydrolox were selected and analyzed w.r.t. the lunar environment to get an understanding of the exergy input. The behavior and exergy requirements of an LEO propellant depot was described. Two fully reusable two-stage rockets using ALICE and hydrolox were designed and compared based on their payload-to-propellant ratio for the oxygen, ALICE, and hydrolox payloads. The study found that the exergetic cost for the insertion of oxygen, hydrolox, and ALICE in LEO were 1.32 GJ/kg , 1.64 GJ/kg, and GJ/kg and 23.3 GJ/kg, 23.4 GJ/kg and 26.9 GJ/kg for the hydrolox and ALICE rocket, respectively.Aerospace Engineerin
ZO1 as a Factor in the Remodeling of Myocardial Gap Junctions
No full textThe remodeling of connexin43-containing gap junctions (GJs), as defined by changes in size, distribution, or function, is a prominent feature of both the developing and diseased myocardium. During postnatal development of the mammalian ventricle, there is a progressive remodeling of GJs into intercalated disks. This change in GJ quantity and distribution is correlated with alterations in the velocity and anisotropy of impulse spread within differentiating myocardium. Orderly distribution of GJs is perturbed in many cardiac diseases, and reemergence of immature patterns of myocyte coupling may be a factor in the arrhythmogenic potential attending such pathologies. Although mechanisms responsible for this remodeling process remain to be determined, previous reports have suggested involvement of the actin-binding MAGUK protein Z01. Here we report that in the rat myocardium, connexin43 and Z01 show low to moderate levels of association, as determined by confocal microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, and co-immunoprecipitation. However, connexin43-Z01 association is increased following dispersion of myocytes from intact myocardium, a process known to induce GJ remodeling. To further probe roles for Z01 in GJ remodeling, connexin43-Z01 interactions were inhibited using approaches that targeted pertinent binding sites on either connexin43 or Z01. In the first approach, infection of myocytes in vitro and in vivo with adenovirus expressing a putative dominant negative inhibitor of Z01-connexin43 interaction resulted in increases in connexin43 particle size and alterations in connexin43 distribution from the membrane to the cytoplasm. However, N-cadherin-containing adherens junctions were also disrupted by this treatment, suggesting that this inhibitor may not be wholly specific for the connexin43-Z01 interaction. In a second approach, the use of a novel, rationally designed inhibitor peptide, based on the PDZ binding domain of connexin43, resulted in striking increases in connexin43 GJ size and quantity between cultured neonatal myocytes. Unlike the Z01 truncation mutant, the inhibitory peptide did not induce GJ redistribution to the cytoplasm or cause disruption to mechanical junctions. Finally, increased GJ size was correlated with decreased connexin43-Z01 interaction over normal postnatal growth in vivo. Based on the data reported herein, it was concluded that Z01 interaction is a key regulator of the size and level of GJs containing connexin43
Effect of Interferon beta-1b on MRI outcomes in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Results of a European multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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