1,720,976 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Implication of the laterodorsal tegmentum in adaptive and maladaptive stress responses
No full textLa réponse comportementale au stress est un mécanisme adaptatif qui permet à l’organisme de gérer les stimuli environnementaux nocifs. Les circuits qui la sous-tendent peuvent cependant être dérégulés par un stress intense ou chronique, conduisant à des troubles neuropsychiatriques. L’aire tegmentale ventrale (ATV) est une région du mésencéphale qui joue un rôle crucial dans le traitement de la récompense et l’aversion. On sait qu’elle influence la réponse au stress, mais notre connaissance sur ce rôle reste limitée car on ignore la plupart des structures régulatrices qui le sous-tendent. Le noyau latérodorsal du tegmental (LDTg) est une structure du tronc cérébral qui régule l’activité de l’ATV. Si son influence sur la récompense a été largement décrite, son rôle dans la réponse au stress reste encore inconnu.Cette thèse explore le rôle du LDTg dans deux types de réponse au stress : 1) Les comportements défensifs adaptés face à un stress aigu. 2) Les troubles comportementaux mésadaptés résultant d’un stress chronique. Pour comprendre le rôle du LDTg dans chacune, nous avons utilisé des outils pharmacogénétiques et optogénétiques pour moduler son activité durant des situations stressantes et en observer les effets comportementaux. En administrant de courts chocs électriques, nous avons évalué le rôle du LDTg dans un comportement défensif adaptatif d’immobilisation appelé freezing. Nous avons inhibé sélectivement les projections du LDTg de différentes natures et ciblant différentes structures afin de montrer que les projections GABAergiques du LDTg vers l’ATV régulent le freezing de manière bidirectionnelle. De la même façon, l’utilisation d’outils pharmacogénétiques dans un modèle de souris soumis à un stress social chronique nous a permis d’évaluer le rôle du LDTg dans des comportements de type dépressif. Les projections cholinergiques, mais pas glutamatergiques, du LDTg vers l’ATV sont ainsi nécessaires à l’induction des troubles de type dépressif par un stress chronique.En conclusion, ces résultats nous ont permis de mettre en évidence un rôle nouveau de l’axe LDTg-ATV dans la réponse au stress. Il est impliqué à la fois dans les réponses défensives adaptatives et les troubles comportementaux liés au stress. Ces informations pourraient aider dans le futur au développement de nouvelles thérapies innovantes basées sur la modulation des circuits cérébraux.The behavioural stress response is an adaptive mechanism that allows an organism to cope with threatening environmental stimuli. However, the circuitries that underlie it can be deregulated by intense or chronic stress and lead to maladaptive neuropsychiatric disorders. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a midbrain region that plays a crucial role in reward and aversion processing. It also influences the stress response, but our understanding of its role is still limited as the regulatory inputs that shape its activity during stress remain largely unknown. The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg) is a brainstem structure regulating VTA activity. While its influence on reward processing has been widely described, its role in the stress response has yet to be determined.This thesis explores the role of the LDTg in two types of stress responses: 1) Adaptive defensive behaviours under acute stress. 2) Maladaptive behaviours following chronic stress. To assess the role of the LDTg in both contexts, we used chemogenetic and optogenetic tools to modulate its activity in mice during stressful situations and observed how it altered their behavioural responses.By using acute electrical shocks, we measured the influence of the LDTg over the freezing defensive response, an adaptive behaviour in mice confronted to an unseen threat. By selectively inhibiting LDTg projections of various natures and to different targets, we unravelled a new GABAergic LDTg-VTA pathway that bidirectionally modulates freezing in response to acute stress. Similarly, we used selective chemogenetic silencing in a mouse model of chronic social defeat to assess the role of the LDTg in stress-related depressive-like disorders. Cholinergic, but not glutamatergic, LDTg projections to the VTA were sufficient and necessary to induce depressive-like disorders after chronic stress. Together, these results unravel a new role of the LDTg-VTA axis in the regulation of the stress response. We show it is involved in both adaptive defensive behaviours and maladaptive stress-related disorders through converging yet different pathways. This may open a new therapeutic window for innovative treatments based on cerebral modulation
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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