1,720,957 research outputs found
PSY-5 The Nose Smells What the Eyes See: The Effect of a Visual on Olfactory Perception
No full textThis experiment maintains the goal to understand if a visual can influence olfactory perception, or, if what someone sees may influence what they think they are smelling. Participants smelled jars that were all embossed with floral decorations but contained different smells (e.g., hot sauce, castor oil, old spice deodorant). After smelling each jar, participants filled out a survey based on a Likert scale that determined if the individual agreed that the jar was floral scented. The results indicated that the florally decorated jars made people think that they were smelling something floral as opposed to what they were truly smelling. These results suggest that visuals do influence olfactory perception through a process of priming. Implications of this work highlight the importance of chemical labeling for the safety of employees or individuals working in a laboratory setting
Do Professor Characteristics Influence College Students\u27 Mental Health Disclosure?
Get PDFPrevious studies have provided some evidence that college students may hesitate to disclose their mental health status because of social stigma; however, more research is needed to identify and understand the factors that influence students’ willingness to disclose. For example, it is unclear how professor characteristics impact the likelihood of disclosure. In the current study we examined whether the gender of the professor (male vs. female) and the professor’s teaching discipline (STEM vs. humanities) affected students\u27 likelihood to disclose a mental health problem. Participants read a fictitious syllabus where the professor was either male or female and taught a chemistry or English course. Then, they were asked to respond to a questionnaire concerning whether they would disclose any mental health problems to the professor teaching the course. Results indicated that students would not disclose their mental health status to a professor via email or office hours. Instead, they would rather skip the class for a mental health day. This effect was especially present if the class was taught by a female professor in humanities. In addition, students of color were more likely to report skipping the class when compared to their White counterparts. These findings raise important implications for our understanding of the relationships between students and professors concerning mental health
SS-12 Clickbait or not? How headlines and tone shape reading comprehension and social behavior
No full textNews headlines are often the first element readers encounter before engaging with an article. The initial impression created by headlines may be affected by various factors, including the choice of wording. For example, media outlets commonly use “clickbait,” where appealing titles are used to attract reader engagement. However, these headlines can mislead the reader as they may not be relevant to the article’s content. Previous research has indicated that headlines influence reading comprehension by directing readers\u27 attention to specific aspects of the text. However, more research is needed to investigate how headlines and article contents interact to affect cognitive processes (e.g., reading comprehension) and social behaviors. This current study aimed to observe if there was a causal relationship between headline phrasing and article tone on reading comprehension and measures of reader perception of the article. In the experiment, college students were randomly assigned to read a news article written in a positive or negative tone, and the headline was either congruent or incongruent with the article’s tone. After reading the article, participants were presented with reading comprehension questions and behavioral items (e.g., would you share the article you just read?). It was hypothesized that an incongruent headline would negatively affect reading comprehension and reduce readers\u27 likelihood of engaging in social behaviors related to the article. Implications from this research would suggest that misleading readers for engagement may have detrimental effects on people’s ability to understand content information. This is especially a problem when the content is important to society’s well-being
SS-11 Seeing red for the wrong reasons: Color priming and error detection.
No full textIf you are not typing, you will probably write in ink. Academic instructors use pens to grade assignments, students use them to take notes, and business professionals may use them to sign contracts and much more. Interestingly, research indicates that the color of ink significantly influences cognition and behavior. For example, studies have shown that writing in red ink is closely associated with negative feedback or failure. However, with the rise of technology, it is unclear whether these findings apply to today’s digital world, where people rely more on typing than writing in ink. The current study investigated whether exposing participants to a specific ink color would impact their performance on different cognitive tasks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: green ink, red ink, or black ink. They were first asked to evaluate fictitious logos printed in green, red, or black ink using a pen of the same color as the logo. Then, participants were instructed to complete word stems, with some associated with failure or negative connotations. Lastly, participants were asked to find mistakes in a short essay and assign a final grade. It was hypothesized that giving participants red pens and exposing them to red logos would result in more negative word stems created, more errors found in the essay, and the lowest grades given. Conversely, giving participants green pens and exposing them to green logos would result in the fewest negative word stems, the fewest errors found in the essay, and the highest grades given. Findings may suggest that ink color can significantly influence cognitive performance and perception, which have important implications for optimizing feedback practices in education and professional settings
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
SS-3 Words and Wounds: College Students\u27 Perceptions of Verbal and Physical Abuse
No full textIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent issue that greatly affects college students in the United States. Research shows that young adults are susceptible to IPV due to a lack of commitment and relationship instability between partners. The main goal of the current study was to investigate the factors that contribute to college students’ perceptions of IPV. Specifically, we wanted to determine whether the type of abuse (verbal vs. physical) and gender of both the perpetrator and the victim impacts perception of abuse severity. The second goal was to investigate how college students may respond to situations of IPV. While many students may choose not to intervene due to a diffusion of responsibility, it remains unclear whether this reluctance varies based on the type of abuse and the gender involved. Ninety-six college students participated in the current study. They were asked to read one of four scenarios, concerning physical or verbal abuse, where the victim and perpetrators’ gender was manipulated. Participants were then asked to rate the seriousness of the abused described in the scenario, the victim’s responsibility, whether they would ignore the situation, and if they would encourage the victim to seek help. It was hypothesized that participants would rate the IPV as more serious when the victim was a female, and the perpetrator was a male. It was also hypothesized that physical abuse would be rated as more serious than verbal abuse. Findings may ultimately help researchers in the development of more effective prevention and intervention strategies as it relates to different types of abuse
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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