136,476 research outputs found
Margaret Taylor Johnston Bard, ca. 1855.
No full textMargaret Taylor Johnston Bard was a woman of means from a family of devout Scottish immigrants. Though few of her personal papers remain, Margaret Bard was known for her intelligence and religious devotion. Her family fortune brought wealth to John Bard through their marriage in 1849, and her dedication to religious and social causes was clearly a spur to the legacy of philanthropic activity for which the Bard name is remembered. Her passion for education led her, with her husband, to use her fortune to found and support two educational institutions: St. Stephen’s College in Annandale, and Trinity School in nearby Tivoli. She made a personal appeal to James Starr Clark to build Trinity Church and School in neighboring Tivoli (then Myersville)--a cause to which he subsequently devoted almost three decades of his life. She was an integral part of early decisions regarding the College, as reflected in the fact that she was named a charter trustee of St. Stephen’s. This was an unusual role for a woman in 1860, and it stands as a testament to her own gifts, as well as to the strength of her partnership with John Bard. After her death in 1875, the St. Stephen’s community memorialized her with a headstone in the Bard cemetery, and “St. Margaret’s Well,” which still stands beside the chapel, erected a year after her death in 1875.
Here, she poses for a formal portrait, wearing a long velvet dress.https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/bardbw_ststephensearly/1000/thumbnail.jp
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
BARD: Better Automated Redistricting
No full textBARD is the first (and at time of writing, only) open source software package for general redistricting and redistricting analysis. BARD provides methods to create, display, compare, edit, automatically refine, evaluate, and profile political districting plans. BARD aims to provide a framework for scientific analysis of redistricting plans and to facilitate wider public participation in the creation of new plans. BARD facilitates map creation and refinement through command-line, graphical user interface, and automatic methods. Since redistricting is a computationally complex partitioning problem not amenable to an exact optimization solution, BARD implements a variety of selectable metaheuristics that can be used to refine existing or randomly-generated redistricting plans based on user-determined criteria. Furthermore, BARD supports automated generation of redistricting plans and profiling of plans by assigning different weights to various criteria, such as district compactness or equality of population. This functionality permits exploration of trade-offs among criteria. The intent of a redistricting authority may be explored by examining these trade-offs and inferring which reasonably observable plans were not adopted. Redistricting is a computationally-intensive problem for even modest-sized states. Performance is thus an important consideration in BARD's design and implementation. The program implements performance enhancements such as evaluation caching, explicit memory management, and distributed computing across snow clusters.
Roderick Michael, \u2780 (BardCorps)
No full textRoderick Michael, \u2780, speaks about how Bard College turned him into an open-minded, well-rounded person and mentor for his students. He also recalls his experiences being a student of color in the seventies at Bard, being introduced to types of people he didn\u27t know existed, and his engagement with professors at Bard. In particular, he remembers his Latin professor, who found a way to drive Roderick to greatness in his class after he caught Roderick cheating.https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/oral_hist/1076/thumbnail.jp
Community Development Banking: A Proposal to Establish a Nationwide System of Community Development Banks
No full textPublic Policy Brief No. 3, Levy Economics Institute of Bard College
Eco 204-205 Unemployment
No full textThis collection includes: Strom, S. (2001, April 5). Tokyo fails to come up with a plan on bank crisis. The New York Times. Kirk, D. (2001, April 5). Korea to use pension money to bolster its stock market. The New York Times. Gross, D. (2000, December 7). The Greenspan effect [Op-ed]. The New York Times. Shaikh, A. (2000, May 25). Economic policy in a growth context: A synthesis of Keynes and Harrod [Manuscript]. Wray, L. R. (2000). Can the expansion be sustained? A Minskian view (Policy Note 2000/5). Levy Economics Institute of Bard College
Recent developments on the rapid screening of electrocatalysts by scanning electrochemical microscopy
No full textScanning Electrochemical Microscopy is a scanning probe technique which is
becoming a leading electrochemical technique. The possibility of using a movable
microelectrode which can be scanned over a surface is one of the most attractive
features. In turn, the substrate can assume different natures, from biological systems to
electrocatalytic surface, from photoactive materials to nanostructured textures, thus
making the technique extremely flexible.
In the most recent years, SECM is being applied to study libraries of materials useful as
electrocatalysts or photoelectrocatalysts in energy conversion devices
1-3
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In this work, recent results on the rapid screening of electrochemical activity of
material libraries toward the oxygen evolution/reduction reactions are shown and
discussed.
The effectiveness of these methods is proved by digital simulations.
Both methods were applied on model mixtures based on the Ir-O system, considered as
promising materials for the preparation of operative devices.
Experimental results obtained by SECM are confirmed by voltamperometric and
physico-chemical techniques.
1. Férnandez J.L.,. Walsh D. A, Bard A.J., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 357-365
2. Minguzzi, A.; Apulche-Aviles, M. A.; Rodriguez Lopez, J.; Rondinini, S.; Bard, A.J.
Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 4055.
3 Lee J., Ye H., Pan S., Bard A. J., Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 744
Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt: A Balanced Retributive Account
No full textThe standard of proof in criminal trials in many liberal democracies is proof beyond a reasonable doubt, the BARD standard. It is customary to describe it, when putting a number on it, as requiring that the fact finder be at least 90% certain, after considering the evidence, that the defendant is guilty. Strikingly, no good reason has yet been offered in defense of using that standard. A number of non-consequentialist justifications that aim to support an even higher standard have been offered; all are morally unsound. Meanwhile, consequentialist arguments plausibly support a substantially lower standard — in some cases so low as to undermine the idea that punishment is what is at stake. In this paper, I offer a new retributive justification that supports excluding the instrumental benefits of punishment from the balance that sets the standard. The resulting balance supports a standard arguably in the ballpark of the customary understanding of BARD: a standard requiring that the fact finder have a high, though not maximally high, degree of confidence that the defendant is guilty
Chimpanzee faces under the magnifying glass: emerging methods reveal cross-species similarities and individuality
No full textIndependently, we created descriptive systems to characterize chimpanzee facial behavior, responding to a common need to have an objective, standardized coding system to ask questions about primate facial behaviors. Even with slightly different systems, we arrive at similar outcomes, with convergent conclusions about chimpanzee facial mobility. This convergence is a validation of the importance of the approach, and provides support for the future use of a facial action coding system for chimpanzees,ChimpFACS. Chimpanzees share many facial behaviors with those of humans. Therefore, processes and mechanisms that explain individual differences in facial activity can be compared with the use of a standardized systems such asChimpFACSandFACS. In this chapter we describe our independent methodological approaches, comparing how we arrived at our facial coding categories. We present some Action Descriptors (ADs) from Gaspar’s initial studies, especially focusing on an ethogram of chimpanzee and bonobo facial behavior, based on studies conducted between 1997 and 2004 at three chimpanzee colonies (The Detroit Zoo; Cleveland Metroparks Zoo; and Burger’s Zoo) and two bonobo colonies (The Columbus Zoo and Aquarium; The Milwaukee County Zoo). We discuss the potential significance of arising issues, the minor qualitative species differences that were found, and the larger quantitative differences in particular facial behaviors observed between species, e.g., bonobos expressed more movements containing particular action units (Brow Lowerer, Lip Raiser, Lip Corner Puller) compared with chimpanzees. The substantial interindividual variation in facial behavior within each species was most striking. Considering individual differences and the impact of development, we highlight the flexibility in facial activity of chimpanzees. We discuss the meaning of facial behaviors in nonhuman primates, addressing specifically individual attributes of Social Attraction, facial expressivity, and the connection of facial behavior to emotion. We do not rule out the communicative function of facial behavior, in which case an individual’s properties of facial behavior are seen as influencing his or her social life, but provide strong arguments in support of the role of facial behavior in the expression of internal states
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