1,721,023 research outputs found
Oxidative Damage on RNA Nucleobases
No full textOxidatively damaged RNA has recently gathered more attention and has been closely related to different neurodegenerative diseases. The principles of oxidative stress and its influence on nucleic acids are reported. In contrast to DNA oxidative lesions of RNA have been scarcely described in the literature so far. These known stable RNA base modifications which arise under oxidative stress are reviewed here with regard to their biophysical properties and their potential mutagenicity. Furthermore the possible mechanisms of how cells deal with oxidized RNA are discussed. Posttranscriptional RNA modifications and the oxidation of RNA as an early event in several neurodegenerative diseases are not in the scope of this review
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
A Cognitive Study of Modeling in Systems Biology
Get PDFIn this chapter we present some results and insights of a 4-year study of cognitive practices in systems biology. Systems biology is of interest to cognitive scientists and philosophers for a number of reasons including its interdisciplinarity and its application of systems-level and mathematical explanations to biology, but one source of interest is the ability of modelers to engage with highly complex nonlinear biological networks. In this study our group tracked model-building processes among modelers in two systems biology labs during the course of their graduate degree projects. We were able to identify the main cognitive strategies by which these modelers were able to keep complexity under control, develop an intrinsic understanding of their systems, and turn this into informative inferences on their systems. They were able to this while keeping within cognitive constraints, such as working memory constraints. Computational simulation and visualization play a large role here. We identify mesoscopic and middle-out modeling as important general step-by-step strategy when it comes to managing complexity. Overall these observations can help give insights for new modelers on the kinds of day-to-day processes they may need to engage in to build models effectively and provide some theory to experienced modelers on how and why modeling might need to be constrained on cognitive terms.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
RNA-Processing DNAzymes
No full textThe great potential of nucleic acids as therapeutics has been recognized for a while but has experienced a tremendous attention with the recent development of RNA vaccines. In contrast to protein-targeting strategies, nucleic acid-based approaches often have the advantage that the required target selectivity is not realized via matching a specific structure, but plainly via the primary sequence of the applied RNA or DNA construct. This sequence is then either directly processed or comprises an additional unit capable of processing a target molecule. The latter is true for a number of DNA sequences, called DNAzymes, that are capable of both binding and processing a target with a high selectivity. While the mRNA technology has the inherent strength of bringing something into the system, RNA-processing DNA catalysts such as RNA-cleaving DNAzymes have the inherent strength of taking something out of the system. Consequently, the DNAzyme technology has the potential to emerge as counterpart to the mRNA technology. However, and in line with the endeavors that were required for the success of the mRNA technology, specific improvements need to be realized to unravel the full potential of RNA-processing DNAzymes. This review provides an overview of recent findings and remaining limitations
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Na pograniczu chemii i biologii. Tom XXXV.
No full textNiniejszy tom zawiera zbiór 24 krótkich artykułów, eksperymentalnych lub przeglądowych, przygotowanych i przedstawionych przez doktorantów podczas corocznej konferencji w Karpaczu. Tom ten podzielony jest na trzy części: biologię chemiczną, chemię organiczną i chemię bionieorganiczną. W pracach zaprezentowano wyniki badań z realizacji pojedynczych projektów badawczych, a także krytyczne opracowania ważnych problemów naukowych. Przypisanie danego artykułu do określonej części nie jest oparte na ostrych kryteriach. Heterogenność tematyczna oraz różnorodność stosowanych metod doświadczalnych pokazują wielki potencjał badawczy młodych pracowników nauki oraz naszych polskich instytutów. Mamy nadzieję, że lektura tego tomu będzie źródłem wiedzy o nowych zagadnieniach i zjawiskach biologicznych oraz podejściach doświadczalnych mających na celu rozpoznanie problemów biologicznych. Opracowania są dobrą podstawą do uzupełnienia wiedzy z wybranych dziedzin
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