322,833 research outputs found
Evaluating Threshold for Retraining Rule in Semi-Supervised Learning using Multi-Expert System
No full textThe creation of training set, for pattern recognition, is a difficult, expensive and time consuming task because it requires the efforts of experienced human annotators. On the other hand, unlabeled data can be obtained cheaply, but there are few ways to use them. Semi-Supervised learning uses both labeled and unlabeled data for classification task. In this paper we propose to apply semi-supervised learning and three methods in order to re-train individual classifiers in a multi-expert scenario. More specifically, these experiments are focused on acceptance threshold that defines what data are selected in the feedback-based process. Our approach analyzes the entire system so that a misclassified sample, respect to the final decision, by particular expert can be used to update itself if that sample is classified with a confidence greater than a specific threshold. Experimental results, carried out on the CEDAR (handwritten digits) database, show a comparison between our approach and Self-Training and Co-Training algorithms. The SVM classifier and two different combination techniques at measurement level have been used
Similarity-based regularization for semi-supervised learning for handwritten digit recognition
No full textThis paper presents an experimental analysis on the use of semi-supervised learning in the handwritten digit recognition field. More specifically, two new feedback-based techniques for retraining individual classifiers in a multi-expert scenario are discussed. These new methods analyze the final decision provided by the multi-expert system so that sample classified with a confidence greater than a specific threshold is used to update the system itself. Experimental results carried out on the CEDAR (handwritten digits) database are presented. In particular, error rate, similarity index and a new correlation score among them are considered in order to evaluate the best retraining rule. For the experimental evaluation, an SVM classifier and five different combination techniques at abstract and measurement level have been used. Finally, the results show that iterating the feedback process, on different multi-expert systems built with the five combination techniques, one retraining rule is winning over the other respect to the best correlation score
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author's address:
No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Real-Time Applications In 803.11 WLAN Using Feedback-Based Bandwidth Allocation
No full textThe Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF) has been recently proposed by the 802.11e working group in order to provide real-time services in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). HCF is made of a contention-based channel access, known as Enhanced Distributed Coordination Access (EDCA), and of a HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA), which requires a centralized controller, called Hybrid Coordinator (HC). This paper proposes two feedback-based bandwidth allocation algorithms exploiting HCCA for dynamically assigning the WLAN channel bandwidth to mobile stations hosting real-time traffic streams. Proposed algorithms, which have been referred to as Feedback Based Dynamic Scheduler (FBDS) and Proportional Integral (PI)-FBDS, have been designed using classic discrete-time feedback control theory. Simulation results, obtained using the ns-2 simulator, have shown that, unlike the simple scheduler proposed by the 802.11e working group, both FBDS and PI-FBDS provide a real-time service regardless of the network load. Moreover, when the PI-FBDS is used, the best trade-off between one-way packet delays and network utilization is achieved
- …
