1,721,011 research outputs found
Le temps des tensions épistémiques. Le développement des essais thérapeutiques dans le cadre du sida
No full textNicolas Dodier, Janine Barbot : Die Zeit der epistemischen Spannungen. Die Entwicklung der therapeutischen Versuche im Rahmen der Aidsepidemie.
Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der kritischen Entwicklungsperiode der therapeutischen Versuche zur Aidskrankheit, die Anlass zu zahlreichen öffentlichen Debatten über die Ethik und die Methodologie dieser Versuche gab. Er zeigt die Polarisierung des Spezialistenraums (Ärzte, Statistiker) zwischen mehreren Versuchphilosophien. Er unterstreicht den Gegensatz zwischen zwei Ärzte- und Statistikergenerationen, von denen die eine der öffentlichen Behörde sehr nahe steht und allgemein den öffentlichen Ärzteforschungseinrichtungen, die auf ein Plankonzept der medizinischen Wissenschaft und der klinischen Praxis ausgerichtet ist, während die andere sich früher mit Aids beschäftigte und neue Verteilungsformen der Beziehungen zwischen Wissenschaft und Klinik forderte. Der Aufsatz erklärt innerhalb dieses Raums die strukturelle Position der Ärzte, die allgemein die kodifizierten Prozesse kritisieren, die heute die Ethik und die Wissenschaftlichkeit der medizinischen Forschung organisieren. Er zeigt, was diese Periode an laufenden epistemischen Veränderungen innerhalb der zeitgenössischen Medizin und in unseren Gesellschaften aufdeckt.Nicolas Dodier , Janine Barbot : A time of epistemic tension. The development of therapeutical tests in the case of aids.
This article takes a look at the critical period in the development of therapeutic tests on aids, marked by a number of public debates on the ethics and the methodology behind these tests. It shows the polarization of the specialist space (doctors, statisticians) with several testing philosophies. It puts forward the opposition between two generations of doctor and statistician ; one, very attached to the public agency and more usually to medical research institutions, oriented towards a controlled design of medical science and clinical practice, the other is engaged more rapidly in aids claiming a new form in the distribution of relationships between science and clinical matters. The article specifies the structural position, in this space, of doctors who criticize globally the codified procedures which at present organize ethics and the scientific character of medical research. It shows what this period reveals about epistemic mutations in our societies and in contemporary medicine.L'article s'intéresse à la période critique du développement des essais thérapeutiques dans le cadre du sida, marquée par de nombreux débats publics sur l'éthique et la méthodologie de ces essais. Il montre la polarisation de l'espace des spécialistes (médecins, statisticiens) entre plusieurs philosophies d'essais. Il met en évidence l'opposition entre deux générations de médecins et de statisticiens, l'une très liée à l'agence publique, et plus généralement aux institutions de la recherche médicale, orientée vers une conception planifiée de la science médicale et des pratiques cliniques, l'autre engagée plus précocement dans le sida, revendiquant une nouvelle forme de distribution des rapports entre science et clinique. L'article précise la position structurelle, dans cet espace, des médecins qui critiquent globalement les procédures codifiées organisant actuellement l'éthique et la scientificité de la recherche médicale. Il montre ce que cette période révèle des mutations épistémiques en cours dans la médecine contemporaine et dans nos sociétés.Nicolas Dodier, Janine Вarbot : El tiempo de las tensiones epistémicas. El desarrollo de los ensayos terapéuticos en el marco del sida.
El artículo se interesa a la etapa crítica del desarrollo de los ensayos terapéuticos sobre el sida, caracterizados por numerosos debates públicos sobre la ética y la metodología de esos ensayos. Se muestra la polarización del espacio de los especialistas (médicos, estadísticos) entre varias filosofías de ensayos. Se pone en evidencia la oposición entre dos generaciones de médicos y de estadísticos, la primera, muy ligada a la agencia pública y mas generalmente a las instituciones de la investigación médica, orientada hacia una concepción planificada de la ciencia médica y de las prácicas clínicas, la segunda, comprometida mas precozmente con el sida, reivindicando una nueva forma de distribución de las relciones entre ciencia y clínica. El artículo precisa la posición estructural, en este espacio, de médicos que critican globalmente las procesuras codificadas que organizan actualmente la ética y la cientificidad de la investigación médica. Muestra que este período revela las mutaciones epistémicas corrientes en la medicina contemporánea y en nuestras sociedades.Dodier Nicolas, Barbot Janine. Le temps des tensions épistémiques. Le développement des essais thérapeutiques dans le cadre du sida. In: Revue française de sociologie, 2000, 41-1. Sida et action publique. Études réunies et présentées par Philippe Urfalino, sous la direction de Philippe Urfalino . pp. 79-118
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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