1,720,964 research outputs found
From digital twins to digital twin prototypes: concepts, formalization, and applications
No full textThe transformation to Industry 4.0 also transforms the processes of developing intelligent manufacturing production systems. Digital twins may be employed to advance the development of these new (embedded) software systems. However, there is no consensual definition of what a digital twin is. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state of the digital twin concept and formalize the digital twin concept using the Object-Z notation. This formalization includes the concepts of physical twins, digital models, digital templates, digital threads, digital shadows, digital twins, and digital twin prototypes. The relationships between all these concepts are visualized as class diagrams using the Unified Modeling Language. Our digital twin prototype approach supports engineers in the development and automated testing of complex embedded software systems. This approach enables engineers to test embedded software systems in a virtual context without the need of a connection to a physical object. In continuous integration/continuous deployment pipelines, such digital twin prototypes can be used for automated integration testing and, thus, allow for an agile verification and validation process. In this paper, we demonstrate and report on the application and implementation of a digital twin using the example of two real-world field studies (ocean observation systems and smart farming). For independent replication and extension of our approach by other researchers, we provide a laboratory study published open source on GitHub.</p
Embedded Software Development with Digital Twins: Specific Requirements for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Full text linkThe transformation to Industry 4.0 changes the way embedded software systems
are developed. Digital twins have the potential for cost-effective software
development and maintenance strategies. With reduced costs and faster
development cycles, small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) have the chance to
grow with new smart products. We interviewed SMEs about their current
development processes. In this paper, we present the first results of these
interviews. First results show that real-time requirements prevent, to date, a
Software-in-the-Loop development approach, due to a lack of proper tooling.
Security/safety concerns, and the accessibility of hardware are the main
impediments. Only temporary access to the hardware leads to
Software-in-the-Loop development approaches based on simulations/emulators.
Yet, this is not in all use cases possible. All interviewees see the potential
of Software-in-the-Loop approaches and digital twins with regard to quality and
customization. One reason it will take some effort to convince engineers, is
the conservative nature of the embedded community, particularly in SMEs.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, conference, In Proceedings Of The 2023
IEEE International Conference on Digital Twin (Digital Twin 2023
Enabling Automated Integration Testing of Smart Farming Applications via Digital Twin Prototypes
Full text linkIndustry 4.0 represents a major technological shift that has the potential to
transform the manufacturing industry, making it more efficient, productive, and
sustainable. Smart farming is a concept that involves the use of advanced
technologies to improve the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural
practices. Industry 4.0 and smart farming are closely related, as many of the
technologies used in smart farming are also used in Industry 4.0. Digital twins
have the potential for cost-effective software development of such
applications. With our Digital Twin Prototype approach, all sensor interfaces
are integrated into the development process, and their inputs and outputs of
the emulated hardware match those of the real hardware. The emulators respond
to the same commands and return identically formatted data packages as their
real counterparts, making the Digital Twin Prototype a valid source of a
digital shadow, i.e. the Digital Twin Prototype is a prototype of the physical
twin and can replace it for automated testing of the digital twin software. In
this paper, we present a case study for employing our Digital Twin Prototype
approach to automated testing of software for improving the making of silage
with a smart farming application. Besides automated testing with continuous
integration, we also discuss continuous deployment of modular Docker containers
in this context.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, conference, In the Proceedings Of The
2023 IEEE International Conference on Digital Twin (Digital Twin 2023
Digital twin prototypes for supporting automated integration testing of smart farming applications
No full textIndustry 4.0 marks a major technological shift, revolutionizing manufacturing with increased efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. This transformation is paralleled in agriculture through smart farming, employing similar advanced technologies to enhance agricultural practices. Both fields demonstrate a symmetry in their technological approaches. Recent advancements in software engineering and the digital twin paradigm are addressing the challenge of creating embedded software systems for these technologies. Digital twins allow full development of software systems before physical prototypes are made, exemplifying a cost-effective method for Industry 4.0 software development. Our digital twin prototype approach mirrors software operations within a virtual environment, integrating all sensor interfaces to ensure accuracy between emulated and real hardware. In essence, the digital twin prototype acts as a prototype of its physical counterpart, effectively substituting it for automated testing of physical twin software. This paper discusses a case study applying this approach to smart farming, specifically enhancing silage production. We also provide a lab study for independent replication of this approach. The source code for a digital twin prototype of a PiCar-X by SunFounder is available open-source on GitHub, illustrating how digital twins can bridge the gap between virtual simulations and physical operations, highlighting the symmetry between physical and digital twins.</p
Prototyping autonomous robotic networks on different layers of RAMI 4.0 with digital twins
No full textIn this decade, the amount of (industrial) Internet of Things devices will increase tremendously. Today, there exist no common standards for interconnection, observation, or the monitoring of these devices. In context of the German "Industrie 4.0"strategy the Reference Architectural Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) was introduced to connect different aspects of this rapid development. The idea is to let different stakeholders of these products speak and understand the same terminology. In this paper, we present an approach using Digital Twins to prototype different layers along the axis of the RAMI 4.0, by the example of an autonomous ocean observation system developed in the project ARCHES.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
