6,063 research outputs found
Introducing “La fabrique du droit”. A Conversation with Bruno Latour
No full textBruno Latour talks with Paolo Landri about his book on the Conseil d'Etat (La Fabrique du droit). The conversation was held in 2006 at the time of the Italian translation of the book and illustrates the research project and the difficulties the author had in the field. At the same time, it clarifies the trajectories of Bruno Latour's work and theoretical framework of his program of study with respect to sociology, anthropology, and philosophy of law. The conversation helps to understand the open-ended character of Bruno Latour's research and reflection including STS as well as sociological, anthropological and philosophical themes
Implantable recording/stimulating neural interface for peripheral nervous system
No full textIn recent years many researchers have focused their attention on the development and on the
clinical experimentation of neural prosthesis [1] for hand amputees. Recent achievements in this
field have made this challenge easier with the introduction of innovative biocompatible materials
and the production of smart, light, artificial limbs characterized by lots of freedom degrees [2].
Despite such improvements, the communication between an implanted electrode and a prosthetic
limb is still an open issue, due to long cables and cumbersome electronic equipments that typically
separate them. In this contest it is very important the miniaturization of the electronic used to
acquire the neural signals from efferent fibers of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and to
elicitate the afferent axons in order to restore the sensory feedback. Due to the weak amplitude of
neural signals, this kind of design is particularly critical. Indeed neural signals are drowned in a
noisy environment characterized by other biological electrical sources such as Electromyographic
(EMG) interferences which have amplitudes many orders of magnitude greater than that of the
neural signal and a bandwidth very close to them. Our group proposes an approach based on sigma
delta converters that reduces the complexity in the analog (implanted) part and shifts the critical
points on the digital side.
A novel bidirectional interface for implantable PNS electrodes has been conceived, designed and is
currently in the manufacturing phase after tape-out. In Fig.1 is depicted the system which is
composed of two main blocks: the analog implantable CMOS circuit and the digital system
controller, implemented on a FPGA. The recording unit (CMOS chip) contains a band-pass filter, a
sigma-delta modulator and a current-output stimulator. The decimation module of the sigma/delta
converter is located on an external digital device (implemented on a FPGA) which implements also
a highly selective filter to separate the neural signal (800 Hz – 8kHz) from electromyographic
interferences (100 Hz – 500 Hz). Such architecture was chosen to put in the implantable chip only
the most critical analog modules while, at the same time, having a robust digital communication
interface with the outside world. In this way, the digital communication protocol is more simple to
implement and more robust to interferences and the implantable chip does not contain power
hungry, sophisticated digital modules.
The implantable device was designed on an austriamicrosystems 0.35um process. The chip layout is
shown in Fig. 2. The chip contains 8 parallel readout channels and has a 4.1mm x 4.1mm die size.
Several parameters (amplifier gain, opamp bandwidths, etc.) are programmable. Power
consumption ranges from 20mW to 27.2mW depending on the operating mode. Each channel has
an overall precision (taking into consideration noise and errors of all the blocks in the acquisition
chain) of 10.4 bit. Fig. 3 shows the post-layout simulation results (including transient noise) for an
input trace obtained from real measurements of an electrode implanted in a rat sciatic nerve. The
original signal is largely affected by low-frequency noise (ECG and EMG) which is completely
removed by the system. The simulation includes the off-chip decimation module
Intravenous IgG: Biological modulating molecules
No full textIntravenous IgG has been adopted as treatment for various immune-related diseases, including immune thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune neuropathies, systemic lupus erythematosus, Guillain-Barré syndrome, myasthenia gravis, Kawasaki disease, skin blistering diseases. The intravenous administration of exogenously pooled human immunoglobulin was originally licensed as antibody replacement therapy in patients with primary immunodeficiencies, but in the last thirty years, despite a current lack of institutional approval, off-label IVIgG treatment of a consistent number of disorders has shown to be a useful approach with good clinical results. The mechanism of action of IVIgG is complex and is not fully understood. The current understanding and development in the immune modulant action of IVIgG has three basic mechanisms: 1) F(ab')2 mediated actions; 2) interaction of IgGFc molecule with Fe receptors (FcγR); 3) actions mediated by complement fractions binding within the Fc molecular structure. The mode of action of IVIgG involves expression and function of Fc receptors, idiotype network, complement and cytokine network, T and B cell differentiation, modulation of antigen-presenting cells (APC). The therapeutic action of IVIgG is also related to natural antibodies in maintaining immune homeostasis. In addition, IVIgG interaction through V regions with complementary V regions of antibodies may provide a rational basis for selection of various immune repertoires. Since there is a significant gap between the institutional approval and the use of IVIgG in various clinical conditions, for which there is no adequate testing or for which a small number of records does not allow a rigorous statistical approach, several public and private institutions (mostly insurance companies) and research centres have developed guidelines for evaluating a rational and deontological approach in various pathological situations where IVIgG is used. Mathematical models based on non-linear differential equations may represent another potentially useful system to better understand an IVIgG targeted use in individual subjects. Copyright © by Biolife
Author Correction: Collection of the digital data from the neurological examination.
No full textIn this article, the corresponding author was inadvertently designated only to “Bruno Kusznir Vitturi” but it should have been “Bruno Kusznir Vitturi” and “Walter Maetzler”. The original article has been corrected
On Bruno Schulz’s Bookplates
No full textThe Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 64, issue 1 (2016).
The article enters into a dialogue with the interpretation of Bruno Schulz’s bookplates made by Władysław Panas in his book Bruno od Mesjasza (Bruno of the Messiah) (Lublin 2001). An attempt to understand them in a different (less holistic) way leads the author of the article to the conclusion that in Schulz’s plates the first veiled variant of the mythical Book may be seen—of the fundamental motif of Bruno Schulz’s later literary work
Jordan "Bruno" Gegenhuber '16 Publishes First-Author Research
No full textJordan "Bruno" Gegenhuber '16 had first-author research, "Gene regulation by gonadal hormone receptors underlies brain sex differences," published in nature magazine on May 4, 2022.Jordan "Bruno" Gegenhuber '16 had first-author research, "Gene regulation by gonadal hormone receptors underlies brain sex differences," published in Nature magazine on May 4, 2022.
Sex hormones play a central role in shaping behavior throughout the animal kingdom, and this study maps where the receptor for estrogen binds to DNA in neurons that regulate rodent social interactions. The findings reveal that estrogen establishes lasting sex differences in gene expression and neuroanatomy during brain development, and identifies hundreds of genes that may mediate estrogen's effects on behavior and disease.
Gegenhuber earned a PhD from the Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory School of Biological Sciences in Long Island, N.Y.. in May 2022. His field of research is in neuroscience, and he has accepted a postdoctoral research position at Harvard Medical Center in Boston, Mass. He also holds the honor of being the Pacific Class of 2016 Valedictorian
Bruno Schulz i polityka
No full textBruno Schulz and politicsThe article discusses Bruno Schulz’s attitude toward politics. It is well known that the author of The Cinnamon Shops was a nonpolitical man. This was the reason for some fi erce attacks against his prose conducted by politically engaged literary critics in the interwar Poland. The author mentions these attacks but he also analyzes Schulz’s less known essays about Piłsudski, Aragon and Brecht, and the way Schulz pictured politics in his prose. It seems that a political dictionary of the author of The Street of Crocodiles comprised terms from different political ideologies; he alluded to Marx, anarchism and Brzozowski. At the end of his article the author discusses the question whether Schulz’s nonpolitical attitude could be compared to the so called conservative revolution in Germany after World War I
Bruno Schulz i polityka
No full textBruno Schulz and politicsThe article discusses Bruno Schulz’s attitude toward politics. It is well known that the author of The Cinnamon Shops was a nonpolitical man. This was the reason for some fi erce attacks against his prose conducted by politically engaged literary critics in the interwar Poland. The author mentions these attacks but he also analyzes Schulz’s less known essays about Piłsudski, Aragon and Brecht, and the way Schulz pictured politics in his prose. It seems that a political dictionary of the author of The Street of Crocodiles comprised terms from different political ideologies; he alluded to Marx, anarchism and Brzozowski. At the end of his article the author discusses the question whether Schulz’s nonpolitical attitude could be compared to the so called conservative revolution in Germany after World War I
Notes on Bruno Schweizer, December 1937
No full textA document discussing Bruno Schweizer, focusing on his involvement in the Housigau Homeland Association and its related magazine as well as his lack of engagement with the Nazi party. The comments indicate that he did not give the Nazi salute or make donations to the party or its affiliated organizations. Includes handwritten comments by Wolfram Sievers and Walther Wüst.https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/ahnenerbe_schweizer/1003/thumbnail.jp
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TRIAL OF GIORDANO BRUNO.
No full textIn 1600, Giordano Bruno, one of the leading intellectuals of the Renaissance, was burned at the stake on the charge of heresy by the Roman Inquisition. He is remembered primarily for his cosmological theories, particularly that the universe was infinite with the Earth not being at its centre. Today, he has become a symbol of the struggle for religious and philosophical tolerance. The Trial of Giordano Bruno, originally published in Italian in 2018, provides English audiences with a complete and updated reconstruction of the inquisitorial trial by analysing the accusations, witnesses, and legal proceedings in detail. The author also gives a detailed profile of Bruno as well as the body which arrested and accused him - the Inquisition. This book will appeal to all those interested in the life and death of Giordano Bruno, as well as those interested in Early Modern legal proceedings, the Roman Inquisition, and the history of religious and philosophical tolerance
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