120 research outputs found
Das Mensch-Tier-Verhältnis: Eine sozialwissenschaftliche Einführung
No full textEinleitung Frank Thieme „Aber die sind doch dazu da!“ Skizze einer Soziologie der Mensch-Tier-Verhältnisse Martin Seeliger Die soziale Konstruktion des Anderen – Zur soziologischen Frage nach dem Tier Birgit Mütherich Mit Tieren denken: Die Soziologie der nicht-menschlichen Tiere in der Gesellschaft Arnold Arluke, Clinton Sanders und Patricia Morris Tierkapital, Spezieszugehörigkeit und soziale Ungleichheit Melanie Bujok Differenz, Indifferenz, Gewalt: Die Kategorie „Tier“ als Prototyp sozialer Ausschließung Michael Fischer Für eine radikale Ethik – Die Tierrechtsbewegung in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts Renate Brucker Über die symbolische Reproduktion einer tiervernichtenden Kultur Christina Möller Tiere im Bilderbuch: Mediale Sozialisierung und das Mensch-Tier-Verhältnis Jutta Buchner-Fuhs Indigene Kulturen, tierliche Spezies, tierliche Individuen: Fragen zu Ressourcismus und Anthropozentrismus Barbara Nosk
Current status of robotic abdominopelvic surgery
No full textRobotically assisted laparoscopic surgery was introduced more than 20 years ago, with the robotic endoscope control system AESOP and the robotic surgery system ZEUS, which had several separate arms for the laparoscope and instruments. These were even set up for remote connection, so that long-distance telesurgery could be performed as early as 2001. Subsequent technical developments include rigid and flexible multi-port and single-port systems, so that today's market offers a variety of choices in various price ranges and is expected to continue its growth. Robotic surgical systems can not only facilitate established operative approaches, but also expand the range of procedures, such as intra- and transluminal interventions. As part of the digital surgery ecosystem, robotic systems support the increasing integration and adoption of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence - based data analysis and support systems
ASO Author Reflections: Image-Guided Intraoperative Tissue Assessment for Guidance in Oncologic Surgery: From Frozen Section to Digital Surgery
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Untersuchungen über Veränderungen des Epigenoms bei der chronischen lymphatischen Leukämie
No full textChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in Western countries. Apart from chromosomal alterations comprising deletions and numeric aberrations there is increasing evidence that epigenetic processes contribute to the malignant phenotype of CLL. There is no known pathogenic mechanism inducing CLL, in fact concomitant alterations in various signaling pathways seem to lead to dysregulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. A large number of genes affecting cancer-related pathways may be dysregulated by epigenetic silencing in virtually all tumor types. Using a candidate-gene approach we analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction the CpG island methylation status of 17 well-characterized cancer-related genes in 32 patients with CLL. Aberrant methylation among the samples of patients with CLL was shown for SFRP1 (68.8%), SFRP2 (65.6%), DAPK1 (50.0%), E cadherin (21.9%), SFRP4 (15.6%), SOCS3 (15.6%), p15 (9.4%), p16 (6.3%), RARbeta2 (3.1%), SFRP5 (3.1%) und TIMP3 (3.1%). For DAPK2, hMLH1, MGMT, p73, SOCS1 and TIMP2 no hypermethylation was detected. Hypermethylation of at least one gene was observed in 90.6% of the samples. Up to 7 of 17 gene promoter regions examined were concurrently methylated. Hypermethylation occurred in all Rai stages without a preference for advanced stages. Our results show that aberrant CpG island methylation affecting cancer-related pathways such as Wnt signaling, regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle control and tissue invasion is a common phenomenon in CLL. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes as well as other critical genes is an alternative mechanism of gene inactivation by mutations or deletions in malignant cells. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic disturbances may be involved in the pathogenesis of CLL and thus may provide a molecular rationale for therapeutic approaches
Untersuchungen über Veränderungen des Epigenoms bei der chronischen lymphatischen Leukämie
No full textChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in Western countries. Apart from chromosomal alterations comprising deletions and numeric aberrations there is increasing evidence that epigenetic processes contribute to the malignant phenotype of CLL. There is no known pathogenic mechanism inducing CLL, in fact concomitant alterations in various signaling pathways seem to lead to dysregulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. A large number of genes affecting cancer-related pathways may be dysregulated by epigenetic silencing in virtually all tumor types. Using a candidate-gene approach we analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction the CpG island methylation status of 17 well-characterized cancer-related genes in 32 patients with CLL. Aberrant methylation among the samples of patients with CLL was shown for SFRP1 (68.8%), SFRP2 (65.6%), DAPK1 (50.0%), E cadherin (21.9%), SFRP4 (15.6%), SOCS3 (15.6%), p15 (9.4%), p16 (6.3%), RARbeta2 (3.1%), SFRP5 (3.1%) und TIMP3 (3.1%). For DAPK2, hMLH1, MGMT, p73, SOCS1 and TIMP2 no hypermethylation was detected. Hypermethylation of at least one gene was observed in 90.6% of the samples. Up to 7 of 17 gene promoter regions examined were concurrently methylated. Hypermethylation occurred in all Rai stages without a preference for advanced stages. Our results show that aberrant CpG island methylation affecting cancer-related pathways such as Wnt signaling, regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle control and tissue invasion is a common phenomenon in CLL. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes as well as other critical genes is an alternative mechanism of gene inactivation by mutations or deletions in malignant cells. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic disturbances may be involved in the pathogenesis of CLL and thus may provide a molecular rationale for therapeutic approaches
CpG island methylation patterns in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
No full textInternational audienc
Evaluation of visceral and anastomotic perfusion by means of fluorescence-based enhanced reality
No full textLa technique de réalité augmentée basée sur la fluorescence permet de quantifier la dynamique d’un signal fluorescent et de superposer une cartographie de perfusion aux images laparoscopiques en temps réel. Un modèle d’ischémie colique a été choisi afin de différencier différents types d’ischémie et l’extension d’une zone ischémique dans les différentes couches de la paroi. L’évaluation de la dynamique de fluorescence assistée par logiciel et couplée à une approche d’apprentissage automatique a permis de faire la distinction entre une ischémie d’origine artérielle et d’origine veineuse avec un bon taux de prédiction. Dans la seconde étude colique, les cartographies de perfusion ont clairement mis en évidence que l’étendue d’ischémie était significativement plus large du côté muqueux et risquait d’être sous-estimée avec une analyse exclusive du côté séreux. Deux études ont démontré que la technique d’imagerie par fluorescence permet de guider le chirurgien en temps réel au cours d’une chirurgie mini-invasive des glandes surrénales et que l’analyse quantitative effectuée avec le logiciel facilite la distinction entre les segments vascularisés et ischémiques.The fluorescence-based enhanced reality approach is used to quantify fluorescent signal dynamics and superimpose the perfusion cartography onto laparoscopic images in real time. A colonic ischemia model was chosen to differentiate between different types of ischemia and determine the extension of an ischemic zone in the different layers of the colonic wall. The evaluation of fluorescence dynamics associated with a machine learning approach made it possible to distinguish between arterial and venous ischemia with a good prediction rate. In the second study, quantitative perfusion assessment showed that the extent of ischemia was significantly larger on the mucosal side, and may be underestimated with an exclusive analysis of the serosal side. Two further studies have revealed that fluorescence imaging can guide the surgeon in real time during minimally invasive adrenal surgery, and that quantitative software fluorescence analysis facilitates the distinction between vascularized and ischemic segments
CpG island methylation patterns in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
No full textInternational audienc
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