155 research outputs found
From Body Fuel to Universal Poison
No full textThis book explores our changing relationship with meat as food. Half storytelling and half historic work, it analyzes the way in which humans have dealt with the idea of eating animals in the Western world, from 1900 to the present. The story part of the book follows the rise and fall of meat, and illustrates how this type of food has become a problem in a more emotional way. The historical component informs and offers readers key data. The author draws on theories of circular societies, smart cities and smart countries to explain how and why forms of meat production that were common in the past have since all but disappeared. Both components, however, explain why meat has been important and why it has now become a problem. In tracing the fall of meat, the author identifies a host of dilemmas. These include fossil energy, pollution, illnesses caused by eating meat, factory farming, and processed foods. Lastly, the book offers a possible solution. The answer focuses on new forms of meat obtained without killing animals and in a sense resembles renewable energy. Overall, this unique cultural history offers revealing insights into how meat affects social relations, interpersonal relationships, and humanity as a whole
Glycaemic variability and inflammation in subjects with metabolic syndrome.
No full textSubjects who develop diabetes have an increased cardiovascular risk even before the appearance of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the glycaemic var- iability measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM CV%) in nondiabetic subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to explore if glycaemic variability was associated with circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a proinflam- matory cytokine, or with an anti-inflammatory factor like adiponectin. Three groups of obese subjects with (MS?: 6m, 8f; BMI 33.1 ± 1.4 mean ± SEM) or without metabolic syndrome (MS-: 2m, 4f; BMI 29.2 ± 2.2) and with MS associated with type 2 diabetes (MS/T2D: 3m, 5f; BMI 32.9 ± 1.4) were investigated. The glycaemic variability was measured in all subjects in terms of CV% of the gly- caemic values obtained every 3 min during the course of a 48 h CGM performed using a subcutaneous glucose sensor. The average CGM CV% increased from MS- group (21.1%) to the MS? group (23.9%) and to the MS?/T2D group (27.4%) but it was not correlated to the CGM mean glycaemia (r = 0.20; P = ns). In some instances, CGM CV% was found higher in MS? subjects than in some MS? T2D ones. Stepwise multiple correlation analysis showed that IL-6 predicted CGM CV% (R2 = 0.35, b = 0.13; P \ 0.05) independently from BMI, waist circumference, adiponectin and insulin concentrations. In conclusion, the CGM CV% may contribute to better describe the individual
metabolic state and to understand the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in non diabetic subjects with MS
Studies on Azole-to-Azole Interconversion. An Interesting Case of Absence of “Primary Steric Effect” in the Ring-degenerate Equilibration between ortho-Substituted 3-Aroylamino-5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles and 3-Acetylamino-5-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles in Methanol.
No full textOn the Synthesis and Reactivity of the Z-2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone of 5-Amino-3-benzoyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole.
No full textStudies on Azole-to-Azole Interconversion. An Interesting Case of Absence of “Primary Steric Effect” in the Ring-degenerate Equilibration between ortho-Substituted 3-Aroylamino-5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles and 3-Acetylamino-5-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles in Methanol.
No full textOn the Synthesis and Reactivity of the Z-2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone of 5-Amino-3-benzoyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole.
No full text
In renal transplanted patients inflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated.
No full textIntroduction: The inflammatory state plays a well-documented role to cause oxidative stress, especially in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, wherein several cardiovascular risk factors are amplified by the coexistence of a microinflammatory state with increased oxidative stress. Methods: We measured serum concentrations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α-in vivo oxidative stress marker) in 15 chronic renal failure (CRF) and 15 transplant patients versus 15 healthy controls. Exclusion criteria were: age 65 years as well as a diagnosis of diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum creatinine (sCr), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Results: Both the transplanted and the CRF group showed significantly higher values of CRP, TNFα, and 8-iso-PGF2α than the controls (P < .05 for all). SBP, DBP, and sCr were not different between transplanted and CRF patients. CRP was higher in transplant recipients than in CRF patients (P < .05). No difference in TNFα levels was observed between the two groups. 8-iso-PGF2α was significantly higher in the CRF than in the transplanted group (P < .05), although the latter cohort showed a positive correlation between 8-iso-PGF2α and TNFα (P < .001), sCr (P < .001), SBP (P < .05), and DBP (P < .05). In the same group both 8-iso-PGF2α and TNFα were negatively correlated with GFR (r -.824 and -.866, respectively; P < .001 for both). Conclusion: We observed the coexistence of increased oxidative stress and an inflammatory state among renal graft recipients
Oxidative stress and inflammation in long-term renal transplanted hypertensives.
No full textIntroduction: Several studies have shown that chronic renal failure (CRF) is characterized by "accelerated atherosclerosis". More recent studies emphasize that inflammation and oxidative stress play a central role in atherosclerosis, and it is well-established that C-reactive protein (CRP) is a cardiovascular risk marker in the general population, in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and in allograft recipients. Methods: We measured the serum concentration of high sensitivity CRP, TNFα, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, an in vivo oxidative stress marker) in 15 CRF patients and in 15 transplant recipients. Exclusion criteria were age 65 years, smoking, diabetes mellitus and history of cardiovascular diseases. Immunosuppressive therapy was not withdrawn, and antihypertensive treatment was the same for both groups. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum creatinine (sCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were also evaluated. 15 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. Res ults: The transplanted group showed significantly higher values than controls of CRP (p < 0.05), TNFα (p < 0.05), 8-iso-PGF2α (p < 0.05). The CRF group as well exhibited, in comparison with controls significantly higher concentrations of CRP (p < 0.05), TNFα (p < 0.05), and 8-iso-PGF2α (p < 0.05). SBP, DBP and sCr were not different between transplanted and CRF patients. CRP was higher in transplant recipients than in CRF patients (p < 0.05). No difference in TNFα levels between the 2 groups was found. 8-iso-PGF2α was significantly higher in CRF than in the transplanted group (p < 0.05). In this latter, 8-iso-PGF2α showed a positive correlation with TNFα (p < 0.001), sCr (p < 0.001), SBP (p < 0.05) and DBP (p < 0.05). In the same group both 8-iso-PGF2α and TNFα were negatively correlated with GFR (r = -0.873 and -0.912, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: Our data have shown the coexistence of an increased oxidative stress and an inflammatory state in long-term renal graft recipient
Malassezia restricta Pneumonia in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: First Report of Two Cases
No full textEmerging fungal infections are a major challenge in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. We report two cases of Malassezia restricta pneumonia in SOT recipients. Infections were diagnosed with molecular analysis and histology. Patients were treated with antifungal therapy and have fully recovered
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