3,256 research outputs found
Brain Invaders 2013a
No full text<p>P300 dataset bi2013a from a “Brain Invaders” experiment (2013) carried-out at University of Grenoble Alpes.</p>
<p>Simple Python scripts for working with the dataset are available at <a href="https://github.com/plcrodrigues/BrainInvaders-2013a-Dataset">https://github.com/plcrodrigues/BrainInvaders-2013a-Dataset</a></p>
<p><strong>Dataset Description</strong></p>
<p>This dataset concerns an experiment carried out at GIPSA-lab (University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP) in 2013.</p>
<p>Principal Investigators: Erwan Vaineau, Dr. Alexandre Barachant<br>
Scientific Supervisor : Dr. Marco Congedo<br>
Technical Supervisor : Anton Andreev</p>
<p>The experiment uses the <strong><em>Brain Invaders</em></strong> P300-based Brain-Computer Interface [7], which uses the Open-ViBE platform for on-line EEG data acquisition and processing [1, 9]. For classification purposes the Brain Invaders implements on-line Riemannian MDM classifiers [2, 3, 4, 6]. This experiment features both a training-test (classical) mode of operation and a calibration-less mode of operation [4, 5, 6]. </p>
<p>The recordings concerned 24 subjects in total. Subjects 1 to 7 participated to eight sessions, run in different days, subject 8 to 24 participated to one session. Each session consisted in <em>two runs</em>, one in a <em>Non-Adaptive</em> (classical) and one in an <em>Adaptive</em> (calibration-less) mode of operation. The order of the runs was randomized for each session. In both runs there was a <em>Training (calibration) phase</em> and an <em>Online phase</em>, always passed in this order. In the non-Adaptive run the data from the Training phase was used for classifying the trials on the Online phase using the training-test version of the MDM algorithm [3, 4]. In the Adaptive run, the data from the training phase was not used at all, instead the classifier was initialized with generic class geometric means and continuously adapted to the incoming data using the Riemannian method explained in [4]. Subjects were completely blind to the mode of operation and the two runs appeared to them identical.</p>
<p>In the Brain Invaders P300 paradigm, a <em>repetition</em> is composed of 12 flashes, of which 2 include the Target symbol (<em>Target</em> flashes) and 10 do not (<em>non-Target</em> flash). Please see [7] for a description of the paradigm. For this experiment, in the Training phases the number of flashes is fixed (80 Target flashes and 400 non-Target flashes). In the Online phases the number of Target and non-Target still are in a ratio 1/5, however their number is variable because the Brain Invaders works with a fixed number of game levels, however the number of repetitions needed to destroy the target (hence to proceed to the next level) depends on the user’s performance [4, 5]. In any case, since the classes are unbalanced, an appropriate score must be used for quantifying the performance of classification methods (e.g., balanced accuracy, AUC methods, etc).</p>
<p>This database has been used in the development of the common spatio-temporal pattern method for estimating ERPs [8].</p>
<p>Data were acquired with a Nexus (TMSi, The Netherlands) EEG amplifier:</p>
<ul>
<li>Sampling frequency: 512 samples per second</li>
<li>Digital Filter: No</li>
<li>Electrodes: 16 wet Silver/Silver Chloride electrodes positioned at FP1, FP2, F5, AFz, F6, T7, Cz, T8, P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8, O1, Oz, O2 according to the 10/20 international system</li>
<li>Reference: left ear-lobe</li>
<li>Ground: N/A</li>
</ul>
<p>The data for Subject X is available as a subjectX.zip file. In it, there is a folder for each Session that the Subject performed. In each Session's folder, there are four .gdf files, one for each Run performed in the Session. The names of the files and the conditions associated to them are available below and also inside the meta.yml file in the .zip file.</p>
<p> - filename: '1.gdf'<br>
experimental_condition: adaptive<br>
type: training<br>
- filename: '2.gdf'<br>
experimental_condition: adaptive<br>
type: online<br>
- filename: '3.gdf'<br>
experimental_condition: nonadaptive<br>
type: training<br>
- filename: '4.gdf'<br>
experimental_condition: nonadaptive<br>
type: online </p>
<p><strong><em>References</em></strong></p>
<p>[1] Arrouët C, Congedo M, Marvie J-E, Lamarche F, Lècuyer A, Arnaldi B (2005) Open-ViBE: a 3D Platform for Real-Time Neuroscience. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(1), 3-25. people.rennes.inria.fr/Anatole.Lecuyer/Open-ViBE.pdf)</p>
<p>[2] Barachant A, Bonnet S, Congedo M, Jutten C (2013) Classification of covariance matrices using a Riemannian-based kernel for BCI applications. Neurocomputing 112, 172-178. (hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00820475/document)</p>
<p>[3] Barachant A, Bonnet S, Congedo M, Jutten C (2012) Multi-Class Brain Computer Interface Classification by Riemannian Geometry. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 59(4), 920-928. (hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00681328/document)</p>
<p>[4] Barachant A, Congedo M (2014) A Plug & Play P300 BCI using Information Geometry, arXiv:1409.0107. (https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.0107.pdf)</p>
<p>[5] Congedo M, Barachant A, Andreev A (2013) A New Generation of Brain-Computer Interface Based on Riemannian Geometry. arXiv:1310.8115 (arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1310/1310.8115.pdf)</p>
<p>[6] Congedo M, Barachant A, Bhatia R (2017) Riemannian Geometry for EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces; a Primer and a Review. Brain-Computer Interfaces, 4(3), 155-174. (hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01570120/document)</p>
<p>[7] Congedo M, Goyat M, Tarrin N, Ionescu G, Rivet B,Varnet L, Rivet B, Phlypo R, Jrad N, Acquadro M, Jutten C (2011) “Brain Invaders”: a prototype of an open-source P300-based video game working with the OpenViBE platform. Proc. IBCI Conf., Graz, Austria, 280-283. (hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00641412/document)</p>
<p>[8] Congedo M, Korczowski L, Delorme A, Lopes da Silva F. (2016) Qpatio-temporal common pattern: A companion method for ERP analysis in the time domain. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 267, 74-88. (hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01343026/document)</p>
<p>[9] Renard Y, Lotte F, Gibert G, Congedo M, Maby E, Delannoy V, Bertrand O, Lécuyer A (2010) OpenViBE: An Open-Source Software Platform to Design, Test and Use Brain-Computer Interfaces in Real and Virtual Environments. PRESENCE : Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 19(1), 35-53. (hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00477153/document)</p>
Brain Invaders 2013a
No full text<p>P300 dataset bi2013a from a “Brain Invaders” experiment (2013) carried-out at University of Grenoble Alpes.</p>
<p>Simple Python scripts for working with the dataset are available at <a href="https://github.com/plcrodrigues/BrainInvaders-2013a-Dataset">https://github.com/plcrodrigues/BrainInvaders-2013a-Dataset</a></p>
<p><strong>Dataset Description</strong></p>
<p>This dataset concerns an experiment carried out at GIPSA-lab (University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP) in 2013.</p>
<p>Principal Investigators: Erwan Vaineau, Dr. Alexandre Barachant<br>
Scientific Supervisor : Dr. Marco Congedo<br>
Technical Supervisor : Anton Andreev</p>
<p>The experiment uses the <strong><em>Brain Invaders</em></strong> P300-based Brain-Computer Interface [7], which uses the Open-ViBE platform for on-line EEG data acquisition and processing [1, 9]. For classification purposes the Brain Invaders implements on-line Riemannian MDM classifiers [2, 3, 4, 6]. This experiment features both a training-test (classical) mode of operation and a calibration-less mode of operation [4, 5, 6]. </p>
<p>The recordings concerned 24 subjects in total. Subjects 1 to 7 participated to eight sessions, run in different days, subject 8 to 24 participated to one session. Each session consisted in <em>two runs</em>, one in a <em>Non-Adaptive</em> (classical) and one in an <em>Adaptive</em> (calibration-less) mode of operation. The order of the runs was randomized for each session. In both runs there was a <em>Training (calibration) phase</em> and an <em>Online phase</em>, always passed in this order. In the non-Adaptive run the data from the Training phase was used for classifying the trials on the Online phase using the training-test version of the MDM algorithm [3, 4]. In the Adaptive run, the data from the training phase was not used at all, instead the classifier was initialized with generic class geometric means and continuously adapted to the incoming data using the Riemannian method explained in [4]. Subjects were completely blind to the mode of operation and the two runs appeared to them identical.</p>
<p>In the Brain Invaders P300 paradigm, a <em>repetition</em> is composed of 12 flashes, of which 2 include the Target symbol (<em>Target</em> flashes) and 10 do not (<em>non-Target</em> flash). Please see [7] for a description of the paradigm. For this experiment, in the Training phases the number of flashes is fixed (80 Target flashes and 400 non-Target flashes). In the Online phases the number of Target and non-Target still are in a ratio 1/5, however their number is variable because the Brain Invaders works with a fixed number of game levels, however the number of repetitions needed to destroy the target (hence to proceed to the next level) depends on the user’s performance [4, 5]. In any case, since the classes are unbalanced, an appropriate score must be used for quantifying the performance of classification methods (e.g., balanced accuracy, AUC methods, etc).</p>
<p>This database has been used in the development of the common spatio-temporal pattern method for estimating ERPs [8].</p>
<p>Data were acquired with a Nexus (TMSi, The Netherlands) EEG amplifier:</p>
<ul>
<li>Sampling frequency: 512 samples per second</li>
<li>Digital Filter: No</li>
<li>Electrodes: 16 wet Silver/Silver Chloride electrodes positioned at FP1, FP2, F5, AFz, F6, T7, Cz, T8, P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8, O1, Oz, O2 according to the 10/20 international system</li>
<li>Reference: left ear-lobe</li>
<li>Ground: N/A</li>
</ul>
<p>The data for Subject X is available as a subjectX.zip file. In it, there is a folder for each Session that the Subject performed. In each Session's folder, there are four .gdf files, one for each Run performed in the Session. The names of the files and the conditions associated to them are available below and also inside the meta.yml file in the .zip file.</p>
<p> - filename: '1.gdf'<br>
experimental_condition: adaptive<br>
type: training<br>
- filename: '2.gdf'<br>
experimental_condition: adaptive<br>
type: online<br>
- filename: '3.gdf'<br>
experimental_condition: nonadaptive<br>
type: training<br>
- filename: '4.gdf'<br>
experimental_condition: nonadaptive<br>
type: online </p>
<p><strong><em>References</em></strong></p>
<p>[1] Arrouët C, Congedo M, Marvie J-E, Lamarche F, Lècuyer A, Arnaldi B (2005) Open-ViBE: a 3D Platform for Real-Time Neuroscience. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(1), 3-25. people.rennes.inria.fr/Anatole.Lecuyer/Open-ViBE.pdf)</p>
<p>[2] Barachant A, Bonnet S, Congedo M, Jutten C (2013) Classification of covariance matrices using a Riemannian-based kernel for BCI applications. Neurocomputing 112, 172-178. (hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00820475/document)</p>
<p>[3] Barachant A, Bonnet S, Congedo M, Jutten C (2012) Multi-Class Brain Computer Interface Classification by Riemannian Geometry. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 59(4), 920-928. (hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00681328/document)</p>
<p>[4] Barachant A, Congedo M (2014) A Plug & Play P300 BCI using Information Geometry, arXiv:1409.0107. (https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.0107.pdf)</p>
<p>[5] Congedo M, Barachant A, Andreev A (2013) A New Generation of Brain-Computer Interface Based on Riemannian Geometry. arXiv:1310.8115 (arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1310/1310.8115.pdf)</p>
<p>[6] Congedo M, Barachant A, Bhatia R (2017) Riemannian Geometry for EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces; a Primer and a Review. Brain-Computer Interfaces, 4(3), 155-174. (hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01570120/document)</p>
<p>[7] Congedo M, Goyat M, Tarrin N, Ionescu G, Rivet B,Varnet L, Rivet B, Phlypo R, Jrad N, Acquadro M, Jutten C (2011) “Brain Invaders”: a prototype of an open-source P300-based video game working with the OpenViBE platform. Proc. IBCI Conf., Graz, Austria, 280-283. (hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00641412/document)</p>
<p>[8] Congedo M, Korczowski L, Delorme A, Lopes da Silva F. (2016) Qpatio-temporal common pattern: A companion method for ERP analysis in the time domain. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 267, 74-88. (hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01343026/document)</p>
<p>[9] Renard Y, Lotte F, Gibert G, Congedo M, Maby E, Delannoy V, Bertrand O, Lécuyer A (2010) OpenViBE: An Open-Source Software Platform to Design, Test and Use Brain-Computer Interfaces in Real and Virtual Environments. PRESENCE : Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 19(1), 35-53. (hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00477153/document)</p>
La filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève
No full textThis article is a presentation of Alexandre Kojève’s philosophy of law, exposed in his Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). Little attention has been paid to this work. So there is a gap that has to be filled with a critical reflection of its strengths. Among them, undoubtedly, we count the fact that Kojève is introducing a conception of international justice that casts a singular light on current debates about cosmopolitanism and globalization. According to this author, citizenship is the key element of the process of global expansion of the juridical sphere. In sum, Kojève’s philosophy is useful to reflect upon the contrast between the juridical and the political, which is the basis for all philosophy of law, in order to achieve world peace and international justice.Este artículo es una presentación de la filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève contenida en su Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). La poca atención que dicha obra ha recibido es un vacío que debiera llenarse con una reflexión crítica de sus puntos fuertes. Entre ellos destaca una concepción de la justicia internacional que proyecta una luz muy singular sobre los actuales debates en torno a la globalización y el cosmopolitismo. A ojos de este autor, la ciudadanía es el elemento clave para aquilatar la expansión global de lo jurídico. En suma, Kojève aparece como un valioso referente en la labor de pensar la contraposición entre lo jurídico y lo político que está en la base de toda filosofía del derecho, con la aspiración al logro de la justicia internacional y la paz mundial en el horizonte
EEG Motor Imagery Dataset from the PhD Thesis "Commande robuste d'un effecteur par une interface cerveau machine EEG asynchrone"
No full text<p>This Dataset contains EEG recordings from 8 subjects, performing 2 task of motor imagination (right hand, feet or rest). Data have been recorded at 512Hz with 16 wet electrodes (Fpz, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, T7, C3, Cz, C4, T8, P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8) with a g.tec g.USBamp EEG amplifier.</p>
<p>File are provided in MNE raw file format. A stimulation channel encoding the timing of the motor imagination. The start of a trial is encoded as 1, then the actual start of the motor imagination is encoded with 2 for imagination of a right hand movement, 3 for imagination of both feet movement and 4 with a rest trial.</p>
<p>The duration of each trial is 3 second. There is 20 trial of each class.</p>
Reconfiguração do consensualismo contratual: as ações tituladas nominativas e os limites à transmissão
No full textPartimos da evolução histórica do consensualismo contratual salientando os
principais carateres que, nos diversos momentos históricos, se foram evidenciando.
Numa segunda etapa exploramos os fundamentos dogmáticos do modelo de
transmissão contratual assumido pelo legislador e a sua viabilidade no sistema
jurídico global, em particular, no direito dos valores mobiliários. Constatamos a
crescente necessidade na prática mercantil e inevitabilidade no sistema jurídico
global da admissibilidade da existência de contratos de compra e venda de natureza
meramente obrigacional. Num terceiro momento desenvolvemos os principais
aspetos do regime jurídico aplicável às ações tituladas nominativas fora do mercado
regulado, em particular, os principais limites à transmissão, enquanto instrumentos/barreiras ao consensualismo contratual.We start from the historical evolution of contractual consensualism emphasizing the
main aspects that, in different historical moments, were showing up. In a second
stage we explore the dogmatic foundations of the transmission model contractual
assumed by the legislator and its viability in the global legal system, in particular, in
securities law. We note the growing need in commercial practice and inevitability in
the global legal system the admissibility of the existence of contracts of sale purely
obligatory. In the third stage we develop the main aspects of the legal regime
applicable to nominative titled actions outside the regulated market, in particular,
the main limits to the transmission, as instruments / barriers to contractual
consensualism
“Era por Alexandre tod’esto demostrado”: ¿pruebas verídicas y pruebas engañosas en el Libro de Alexandre?
No full textEl Libro de Alexandre es un texto de s. XIII, que se escribió en la España medieval. En este escrito, el autor pretende demostrar que, en el Alexandre, algunas de las situaciones que se ponen a prueba son aceptadas, pero eso no significa que el macedonio gane la prueba. El articulo esta dividido en tres apartados. En el primero, el autor da cuenta de la historia textual de la obra y también dedica ciertas líneas al Estado de la cuestión del texto; mientras que, en la segunda parte, nos guía a conceptos etimológicos de los términos prueba, evidencia y demás. En el tercer apartado se centra en algunas pruebas expuestas en el Libro de Alexandre.The Libro de Alexandre is a literary work, written during the medieval Spain. In this paper, the author tries to demonstrate that, carefully reading the L.A, some of the situations that are set as proves are accepted, but it does not mean that Alexander can be a victor. This paper is divided in three sections: firstly, the author tells the textual history of the L.A and, then, tries to update the State of art: on the other hand, in the second part, the author offers meanings about terms as: prueba and evidencia. Finally, the author focuses on certain passages contained in the Libro de Alexandre that can be taken as failed proves
Mixing the Immiscible: Improvisation within Fixed-Media Composition
No full textThis paper will explore ways in which mastered improvisation practice, with the studio as an instrument, is a proposed avenue to bridge the historical dichotomy between what Ted Gioia describe as ‘the aesthetics of perfection’ and ‘the aesthetics of imperfection’. It is proposed as a way to re-embody fixed music, as experimented by the author through the composition of his last fixed-media work. This will be put in the context of a wider trend observed amongst the current emerging generation of composers interested in the aesthesics of the work, by opposition to the previous generations that placed the value of the work in its poietics. The vital and primal importance of practice outcome as practice-based research’s main document will also be advocated for, as these trends are happening in the laboratory of live music
Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660)
No full textBiografia do jesuíta francês Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionário na Cochinchina (Vietname) e no Tonquim. Autor do Dicionário Anamita-Português-Latim (1651), Rhodes foi uma figura central no choque de interesses entre o Padroado Português e as ambições diplomáticas e políticas da França na Indochina e na China.Biography of the French Jesuit Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionary in Cochinchina (Vietnam) and Tonkin. Author of the Anamita-Portuguese-Latin Dictionary (1651), Rhodes was a central figure in the clash of interests between the Portuguese Padroado and France's diplomatic and political ambitions in Indochina and China.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Robust control of an actuator by EEG based asynchronous BCI
No full textCette thèse a pour but le développement d’une Interface cerveau-machine (ICM) à partir de la mesure EEG,permettant à l’utilisateur de communiquer avec un dispositif externe directement par l’intermédiaire de son activité cérébrale. Ces travaux ont été menés avec comme ligne directrice le développement d'un système d'ICM utilisable dans un contexte de vie courante, le but étant de réaliser une ICM simple d'utilisation, robuste et ergonomique, permettant le contrôle d'un effecteur avec un temps de calibration minimal.Un brain-switch ou interrupteur cérébral a été réalisé et permet à l'utilisateur d'envoyer une commande binaire. La réalisation d'une telle ICM implique le développement d'algorithmes robustes et leurs mises en œuvre expérimentales. Les travaux réalisés comportent deux volets, l'un concerne le développement de nouveaux algorithmes, l'autre concerne la réalisation de campagne de tests.This thesis presents the development of a Brain computer Interface (BCI) based on EEG signal, allowing its user to communicates with an external device solely by the mean of brain activity. This work as been conduct with the goal of designing a robust, ergonomic and easy to use BCI system for real life applications.In this context, a brain-switch has been developed, allowing it's user to send a binary command to a homeautomation system. This goal can only be achieved by developing new methodologies and algorithms, while testing them on real life experiments. Therefore, this works is two part, the first one is focus on the design of new algorithms, the secondon the design of experimental paradigm
Commande robuste d'un effecteur par une interface cerveau machine EEG asynchrone
No full textThis thesis presents the development of a Brain computer Interface (BCI) based on EEG signal, allowing its user to communicates with an external device solely by the mean of brain activity. This work as been conduct with the goal of designing a robust, ergonomic and easy to use BCI system for real life applications.In this context, a brain-switch has been developed, allowing it's user to send a binary command to a homeautomation system. This goal can only be achieved by developing new methodologies and algorithms, while testing them on real life experiments. Therefore, this works is two part, the first one is focus on the design of new algorithms, the secondon the design of experimental paradigm.Cette thèse a pour but le développement d’une Interface cerveau-machine (ICM) à partir de la mesure EEG,permettant à l’utilisateur de communiquer avec un dispositif externe directement par l’intermédiaire de son activité cérébrale. Ces travaux ont été menés avec comme ligne directrice le développement d'un système d'ICM utilisable dans un contexte de vie courante, le but étant de réaliser une ICM simple d'utilisation, robuste et ergonomique, permettant le contrôle d'un effecteur avec un temps de calibration minimal.Un brain-switch ou interrupteur cérébral a été réalisé et permet à l'utilisateur d'envoyer une commande binaire. La réalisation d'une telle ICM implique le développement d'algorithmes robustes et leurs mises en œuvre expérimentales. Les travaux réalisés comportent deux volets, l'un concerne le développement de nouveaux algorithmes, l'autre concerne la réalisation de campagne de tests
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