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Food and iron deficiency anemia
No full textDeficit željeza dominantan je i jedan od glavnih uzroka anemije i predstavlja veliki zdravstveni problem kako u zemljama u razvoju, tako i u razvijenim zemljama. Anemiji prethodi deficit željeza, kojemu je glavni uzrok krvarenje ili nedovoljan unos hranom. Željezo je neophodno za funkcioniranje svih stanica u tijelu a deponira se u jetri. Zdravi organizam nema mehanizam eliminacije željeza iz organizma, te se uslijed nedovoljnog unosa željeza hranom zalihe iz jetre troše. Dakle, iz deficita željeza se postupna razvija anemija. Simptomi koji ukazuju na deficit željeza su brzo umaranje prilikom napora, krhki nokti, loša koncentracija, blijedost kože, a kod anemije posebice ako je prisutna dugi period može se javiti nepravilan rad srca, kratak dah, učestale glavobolje i značajan pad imuniteta. U homeostazi željeza izuzetno je važna apsorpcija iz hrane koje ovisi o obliku u kojem je željezo prisutno u određenoj hrani. Hemsko (hrana animalnog podrijetla) se bolje apsorbira i nehemsko željezo (hrana biljnog podrijetla) koje je i glavni izvor željeza u svakodnevnoj prehrani. Količina željeza koja će se apsorbirati, tzv. bioraspoloživost ovisi o nizu nutritivnih čimbenika koji promoviraju ili inhibiraju apsorpciju željeza. Najpoznatiji promotor apsorpcije je askorbinska kiselina (Vitamin C), dok su fitati (iz žitarica), kava i čaj odgovorni za inhibiciju. Kako bi se deficit željeza izbjegao potrebno je težiti raznovrsnoj prehrani. Hrana koja je bogat izvor željeza uključuje jetricu (npr. goveđa jetra), crveno meso, krupne ribe (npr. tuna), te mahunarke, sjemenke (npr. Bučine i sesamove) i zeleno lisnato povrće. Uz to na tržištu postoji cijeli niz funkcionalnih proizvoda obogaćenih željezom koji mogu pomoći u globalnoj borbi protiv deficita željeza i vezanih zdravstvenih problema.Iron deficiency is dominant and one of the main causes of anaemia. It is one of the major public health problems in both undeveloped and well developed countries. Anaemia is preceded by iron deficiency, which is mainly caused by bleeding or inadequate dietary intake. Iron is crucial for normal functioning of all cells in the body, and the liver is its main depo. Healthy organism has no elimination mechanism for iron, therefore insufficient dietary intake leads to depletion of its storage. Gradually, anaemia develops. Symptoms indicative of iron deficiency are tiredness, brittle nails, poor concentration, pale skin, and in case of anaemia especially if it’s a longer problem irregular heartbeat, short breath, frequent headaches and significant drop in the immunity can appear. For iron homeostasis absorption from food is extremely important. Absorption depends of the form or iron in foods. Hem iron (animal foods) is absorbed better than non-heme iron (plant foods) which is the main source of iron in a daily diet. The amount of iron that will be absorbed, i.e. bioavailability depends on a number of nutritional factors that either improve or diminish its absorption. Vitamin C is the most famous promotor, while phytates (from cereals), coffee and tea diminish iron's absorption. Prevention of iron deficiency lies in diverse diet. Food that is good source of iron includes liver (e.g. beef liver), red meat, large fish (e.g. tuna), and legumes, seeds (e.g. pumpkin and sesame), and green leafy vegetables. Also, a number of functional foods enriched with iron that can help in the global fight against iron deficiency and its related health problems
Nutrition and lifestyle habits of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Republic of Croatia
Get PDFKontrola glikemije oboljelih od dijabetesa tipa 1 (DMT1) ključ je sprječavanja akutnih komplikacija, odgađanja pojave kroničnih komplikacija te utječe na ukupnu kvalitetu života. Edukacija o prehrani bazirana na dijabetičkim jedinicama neophodna je za regulaciju glikemije i sastavni je dio terapije. Cilj rada bio je procijeniti prehrambene i životne navike oboljelih od DMT1 u Republici Hrvatskoj (RH), utjecaj bolesti na kvalitetu života, razinu educiranosti i primjenu naučenih savjeta o prehrani. Opažajno istraživanje provedeno je na oboljelima od DMT1 s područja RH online upitnikom koji je kreiran specifično za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Anketu je ispunio 101 oboljeli prosječne starosti 25 ± 8,9 godina (6 do 50 godina, 22,8 % muškaraca, 77,2 % žena). Zadovoljavajuće vrijednosti HbA1c postiže 49,4 % ispitanika odrasle dobi i 60,0 % djece i adolescenata. Rezultati pokazuju da je s dobi regulacija glikemije lošija (r=-0,249) a istovremeno dolazi do pogoršanja kvalitete prehrane (r=-0,338). Od dijabetičke retinopatije boluje 10,9 % ispitanika, 7,9 % od neuropatije, a 2,0 % ima problema s bubrezima. 30,3 % ispitanika nije zadovoljno edukacijom i ima problema s postizanjem optimalnih vrijednosti HbA1c. Posljedično, ispitanici koji se pridržavaju brojanja jedinica imaju bolju kontrolu glikemije promatrano kroz vrijednost HbA1c (p=0,023). Zabilježen je negativan utjecaj bolesti na društveni život, psihofizičko zdravlje i sveukupnu kvalitetu života oboljelih. Rezultati jasno ukazuju na potrebu stručne i adekvatne edukacije s naglaskom na reedukaciju oboljelih od DMT1.Glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients (DMT1) is the key to prevent acute complications, delay chronic conditions, and influences the overall quality of life. Nutritional education based on diabetic unit counting in necessary to achieve good glycemic control and represents integral part of the therapy. Main objectives of this research were to assess nutritional and lifestyle habits of DMT1 patients in the Republic of Croatia (RC), the degree of impact the disease has on the quality of life, education level and the application of dietary recommendations. An observational study was conducted on DMT1 patients in RC by on-line questionnaire created specifically for the purpose of the present research. Total of 101 DMT1 patients mean age 25 ± 8.9 years (6 to 50 years of age, 22.8 % male, 77.2 % women) completed the questionnaire. Recommended HbA1c is achived by 49.4 % of adult patients and 60.0 % of children and adolescents. Results indicate that with age, HbA1c worsens (r=-0.249) and at the same time, the quality of diet deteriorates (r=-0.338). Diabetic retinopathy is present in 10.9 % DMT1 patients, 7.9 % has neuropathy, and 2.0 % diabetic kidney disease. 30.3 % of DMT1 patients are not satisfied with education about diabetes and have problem achieveing good glycemic control. Consequently, patients that implemented the method of diabetic units counting have better HbA1c (p=0.023). DMT1 negatively affects patients' social life, mental and physical health and the overall quality of life. The results clearly indicate an urgent need for a professional and adequate education, with special emphasis on re-education of DMT1 patients
Functional components of foods and breast cancer
Get PDFU pojedinim vrstama hrane dokazani su i izdvojeni aktivni spojevi koji u tijelu djeluju kao lijekovi. Isto tako kada se razvije zloćudna bolest ona se može pravilnom prehranom ublažiti ili djelomično izliječiti. Istraživači su otkrili neke dokaze tako da žene koje žele izbjeći i pobijediti karcinom dojke, mogu se informirati koja je hrana najbolja, a koja je najštetnija.
Karcinom dojke jedan je od najčešćih uzroka smrti među ženama. Karcinom nastaje kada stanice krenu abnormalno funkcionirati i dijeliti se bez reda. Karcinom može biti benigni i maligni. Promjena u prehrani može napraviti golem zaokret kod karcinoma. Mnogi dokazi pronađeni su upravo u epidemiološkim istraživanjima.
Mogući zaštitni čimbenici koji djeluju na smanjenje rizika od karcinoma dojke su fitoestrogeni, nezasićene masne kiseline, prehrana bogata voćem i povrćem, više karotenoid, vitamina te biljnih namirnica bogatih vlaknima. Na rizik od karcinoma dojke možemo samo djelomično sami utjecati. Značajnu ulogu u nastanku karcinoma dojke ima alkohol, rafinirane namirnice, izloženost pesticidima, akrilamid iz pržene hrane, crveno meso, velika količina masnoća. Za svakih pet kilograma dobivenih u postmenopauzi rizik od nastanka karcinoma dojke raste za 17 %.
Puno toga još ostaje nerazjašnjeno i još se veliki broj istraživanja treba provesti kako bi se utvrdili pozitivni i negativni učinci bioativnih komponenata hrane na karcinom dojke.In some species of food have been proven and isolated the active compounds which in the body act as drugs. Also when you develop a malignant disease, it can be mitigated by proper diet or partially cured. The researchers found some evidence that women who want to avoid and beat breast cancer, can be informed about which food are best and which is the
most harmful.
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death among women.
Cancer occurs when cells go abnormal work and share it without order. Cancer may be benign and malignant. A change in diet can make a huge shift in cancer. Many evidences have been found in epidemiological studies.
Possible protective factors that act to reduce the risk of breast cancer are
phytoestrogens, unsaturated fatty acids, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, more carotenoid, vitamin and herbal foods rich in fiber. At the risk of breast cancer can only partically affect themselves. Significant role in the development of breast cancer has alcohol, refined foods, exposure to pesticides, acrylamide from fried foods, red meat, large amounts of fat. For every five pounds harvested in postmenopausal risk of breast cancer increases by 17%.
Much still remains unresolved and a large number of research must be conducted in order to identify the positive and negative effect of bioactive compounds in foods on breast cancer
Influence of Parents on Nutrition and Dietary Habits of Children Age 7 Years
Get PDFIstraživanje je imalo za cilj ispitati utjecaj roditelja na rizik za pretilost u djece starosti 7 godina. Provedeno je presječno opažajno istraživanje na 251 paru roditelj-dijete prilikom sistematskog pregleda za upis u 1. razred osnovne škole. Obuhvaćena su djeca s područja grada Osijeka koja su na sistematski pregled pristupila tijekom 2017. i 2018. godine. Status uhranjenosti djece (indeks tjelesne mase, BMI) je utvrđeno prema IOTF kriteriju. U odnosu na raniji period (2015.-2016. godine) došlo je do značajnog porasta broja pothranjene djece (21,51 %), pada broja djece s povećanom tjelesnom masom (7,97 %) i vrlo blagog porasta broja pretile djece (4,78 %). Očekivano, pretila djeca su u najvećem riziku od kardiovaskularnih komorbiditeta (promatrano kao kardiometabolički rizik, CMR i krvni tak). Djeca koje dulje spavaju imaju niži BMI. Tjelesna masa majke prije trudnoće je povezana s višim BMI-em djeteta, no BMI oca ima veći utjecaj na BMI djece. Zaposlenost i viši prihodi oba roditelja povezani su s nižim BMI-em djeteta i nižim CMR. Pušenje majke (p=0,037) i oca (p=0,019) je povezano s višim BMI-em djeteta. Potvrđeni neovisni čimbenici rizika su: dijastolički krvi tlak (sa svakim 1 mm Hg rizik raste za 11,9 %), pušenje majke (djeca majki koja ne puše imaju 68,8 % manji rizik), tjelesna masa majke prije trudnoće (rizik opada za 6,9 % za svaki kilogram manje), kratko vrijeme sna (44,6 % veći rizik) i broj zajedničkih obrok (rizik opada za 24,0 % s većim brojem obroka). Rezultati govore u prilog dosadašnjim saznanjima o rizicima za pretilost u djece i ističu ulogu oca.The aim was to determine parental influence on child obesity risk at the age of 7. Randomized observational study was conducted on 251 pair children-parents during medical examination for the first grade entry. Children from the area of Osijek city were included, during 2017 and 2018. Child's state of nourishment (Body Mass Index, BMI) was assessed according to the IOTF criteria. In comparison to the previous period (years 2015-2016) there was a significant increase of underweight children (21.51 %), drop in overweight children (7.97 %) and a slight increase in obese children (4.78 %). As expected, obese children have the highest risk of cardiovascular comorbidities (observed as cardiometabolic risk, CMR and blood pressure), but children who sleep longer have lover BMI. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight correlates with child's BMI, but paternal BMI has higher influence on child's BMI. Employment and higher income correlate with lower BMI and CMR of a child. Maternal (p=0.037) and paternal smoking (p=0.019) correlate with higher BMI. Confirmed independent risks for child overweight and obesity are: diastolic blood pressure (per each 1 mm Hg the risk increases by 11.9 %), maternal smoking (children who have non-smoking mothers have 68.8 % lower risk), pre-pregnancy weight (the risk drops by 6.9 % per each kg less), short sleep duration (44.6 % higher risk) and family meals (the risk drops by 24.0 % with more family meals). The results are in line with what we know so far on the risks for child obesity and emphasize father's role
Comparison of commercial and newly developed jams considering glycaemic index
Get PDFRazvoj novih proizvoda, posebice funkcionalne hrane koja ima pozitivan učinak na zdravlje prioritet je
prehrambenim industrijama diljem svijeta. Razlog su interes i zahtjevi potrošača koji u sve većoj mjeri oblikuju
tržište hrane. Današnji je potrošač informiran i svjestan koliko je hrana važna za njegovo zdravlje. Informiranje
potrošača o glikemijskom indeksu (GI) trebao bi biti prioritet obzirom na nedvojbenu povezanost s brojnim
zdravstvenim posljedicama, kao što su dijabetes, kardiovaskularne bolesti i pretilost. Devetnaest zdravih osoba
sudjelovalo je u određivanju GI komercijalnog i novorazvijenog džema s dodatkom fruktoze i stevije, od
marelice i od višnje prema normi ISO 26 642:2010. Oba džema od višnje spadaju u kategoriju niskog GI.
Novorazvijeni džem od marelice spada u kategoriju niskog GI; njegov GI je statistički značajno niži (p=0,007) u
usporedbi s komercijalnim koji spada u kategoriju srednjeg GI. Najveći subjektivni osjećaj sitosti zabilježen je
za novorazvijeni džem od marelice (86,71 bodova) koji je i organoleptički najbolje prihvaćen od strane
potrošača (4,00 ± 1,37). Iako se radi o prvom koraku plasiranja proizvoda na tržište dobiveni rezultati pokazuju
kako novorazvijeni proizvodi imaju tržišni potencijal, a posebnost im se ogleda u uporabi stevije kojoj
popularnost značajno raste među potrošačima zbog brojnih povoljnih zdravstvenih učinaka.Product development, especially functional foods with positive influence on health is a priority for food
industries around the globe. The reasons are consumers' interests and demands that shape food market.
Today's consumer is informed and aware of the thin line between food and health. Informing consumers about
glycaemic index (GI) should be a priority, due to its unquestionable link to numerous health conditions, like
diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Nineteen health subjects enrolled to determine the GI of
commercial and newly developed jam with the addition of fructose and Stevia made of apricot and sour cherry
according to ISO 26 642:2010 method. Both sour cherry jams fall into low GI category. Newly developed
apricot jam is low GI product, and his GI is significantly lower (p=0.007) in comparison to commercial apricot
jam which is medium GI product. The highest subjective feeling of satiety was found for newly developed
apricot jam (86.71 points) which also gained the highest organoleptic acceptability score (4.00 ± 1.37) by
consumers. Even though this is the first step in product's market positioning, the results show that newly
developed products have market potential. Their specific trait is Stevia, which is reviving its popularity among
consumers due to numerous beneficial health-related effects
Prevalence and Characteristics of Orthorexia Nervosa Symptoms Among Gym Attendees
No full textOrtoreksija (ON) je relativno novi društveni fenomen koji karakterizira pretjerana preokupacija „zdravom“ hranom. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi učestalost i karakteristike ON-a među polaznicima teretana u Hrvatskoj te ispitati prisutnost gastrointestinalnih simptoma koji se manifestiraju u obliku IBS-a, a mogući su rezultat restrikcija u prehrani. Provedeno je opažajno istraživanje putem online upitnika u kojem je sudjelovalo 126 ispitanika, čija je razina fizičke aktivnosti ispitana Baeckeovim upitnikom. Iz analize je isključeno 27 ispitanika zbog niske razine aktivnosti. Analizirani su odgovori 99 ispitanika, 68,7 % žena i 31,3 % muškaraca prosječne dobi 24 godine. Prevalencija ON-a iznosila je 77,8 % prema tradicionalnom kriteriju (ORTHO-15 skor <40) i 33,3 % prema modificiranom kriteriju (ORTHO-15 skor <35). Žene imaju dva puta veću sklonost ka ON-i u usporedbi s muškarcima (39,7 % prema 19,4 %, p=0,037). Osobe s visokom sklonošću ka ON-i imaju izražene tri crte ličnosti (prema BFI upitniku): neuroticizam, savjesnost i ekstraverziju. Veći broj restrikcija u prehrani (npr. izbjegavanje glutena ili šećera) je učestalije među osobama s visokom sklonošću ka ON-i, što potvrđuje snažna negativna korelacija ORTHO-15 i EHQ skora (r=-0,611). Ispitanici s visokom sklonošću ka ON-i značajno rjeđe preskaču obroke (p<0,001) i ne konzumiraju alkohol (p=0,010). Nije utvrđena značajna razlika u psihofizičkom stanju (prema DASS-21 upitniku) niti učestalošću gastrointestinalnih simptoma karakterističnih za IBS (prema GSRS-IBS upitniku). Neovisni čimbenici rizika za visoku sklonost ka ON su ženski spol (OR 4,319, 95% CI 1,210–15,415, p=0,024) i veći broj restrikcija u prehrani promatranih kao viši EHQ skor (OR 1,326, 95% CI 1,169–1,506, p<0,001).Orthorexia (ON) is a new social phemonenon caracterized by an excessive preoccupation with „healthy“ food. The aim was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of orthorexia nervosa symptoms among gym attendees in Croatia. The prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome symptoms was also analysed. An online observational study was completed by 126 gym attendees. Their physical activity level was tested with Baecke's questionnaire. After excluding 27 participants due to low physical activity level, answers of 99 participants, 68.7 % female and 31.3 % male, median age 24 years were analysed. The prevalence of ON was 77.8 % according to the traditional critera (ORTHO-15 score <40) and 33.3 % according to the modified criteria (ORTHO-15 score <35). Women are two times more likely to have ON in comparison to men (39.7 % vs 19.4 %, p=0.037). Those with high ON tendency express 3 personality traits (based on BFI questionnaire): neuroticism, conscientiousness and extraversion more often than those with lower ON tendency. More dietary restrictions (like avoiding gluten or sugar) were found among those with high ON tendency, which is backed up by strong negative correlation between ORTHO-15 and Eating Healthy Questionnaire (EHQ) score (r=0.611). Gym atendees with high ON tendency do not skip meals (p<0.001) and do not consume alcohol (p=0.010). No significant difference was found in psychological condition (according to DASS-21) nor IBS symptoms (according to GSRS-IBS questionnaire) between high and low ON tendency groups. Independent risk factors related to high ON tendency are female sex (OR 4.319, 95% CI 1.210–15.415, p=0.024) and more dietary restrictions expressed as higher EHQ score (OR 1.326, 95% CI 1.169–1.506, p<0.001)
Use of dietary supplements in pregnant women from Federation of Bosnia and Hercegovina
No full textPrehrambene navike u trudnica trebale bi se promijeniti i prilagoditi kako potrebama trudnice tako i potrebama pravilnog rasta i razvoja fetusa. Kako trudnoća odmiče, raste i potreba trudnice za kalorijama, ali i vitaminima, mineralima i mikronutrijentima. Nedostatak ovih elemenata može dovesti do pobačaja ili lošijih ishoda trudnoće. Stoga zdravstveni djelatnici, a posebno ginekolozi, preporučuju uporabu multivitaminskih dodataka za nadoknadu unosa vitamina/minerala/mikronutrijenata zbog neuravnotežene prehrane. Ovo je istraživanje pokazalo da 88% trudnica koristi multivitaminske dodatke prehrani i da je preporuka u 98% slučajeva došla od ginekologa. S druge strane, 12% trudnica nije koristilo multivitaminske dodatke prehrani. Ukupni financijski prihod u kućanstvu pokazao se statistički značajnim pri kupnji jeftinijih ili skupljih dodataka prehrani (p = 0,02). Međutim, za većinu trudnica cijena nije imala značajnu ulogu u izboru, ali su to uzele u obzir. Važno je istaknuti da većina multivitaminskih pripravaka ne sadrži sve minerale/vitamine/mikronutrijente potrebne trudnicama ili fetusima te da su to često doze niže od preporučenih dnevnih doza. Trudnice se stoga moraju, osim uzimanja ovih dodataka prehrani, pobrinuti i za uravnoteženu prehranu koja će osigurati sve hranjive tvari potrebne trudnici i fetusu.Eating habits in pregnant women should be changed and should be adjusted both to the needs of the pregnant woman and to the needs for proper growth and development of the fetus. As the pregnancy progresses, so does the pregnant woman's need for calories, but also vitamins, minerals and micronutrients. Deficiencies of these elements can lead to miscarriage of poorer pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, health professionals, and especially gynecologists, recommend the use of multivitamin supplements to compensate for the intake of vitamins/minerals/micronutrients due to an unbalanced diet. This study showed that 88% of pregnant women use multivitamin supplements and that the recommendation in 98% of cases came from a gynecologist. On the other hand, 12% of pregnant women did not use multivitamin supplements. Total finansial income in the household proved to be statistically significant when buying cheaper or more expensive food supplements (p=0.02). However, for most pregnant women, price did not play a significant role in the selection, but they did take it into account. It is important to point out that most multivitamin preparations do not contain all the minerals/vitamins/micronutrients needed by pregnant women or fetuses, and that doses of these are often lower than the recommended daily doses. Pregnant women must therefore, in addition to taking these dietary supplements, take care of a balanced diet to provide all the nutrients needed for herself and the fetus
Knowledge Assessment Regarding Dietary Principles for Selected Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Among Medical Doctors of Different Specialties
No full textKronične nezarazne bolesti (KNB) predstavljaju vodeći uzrok smrtnosti u svijetu, s velikim utjecajem na javno zdravlje. Više od 74% smrtnih slučajeva globalno pripisuje se KNB-ima. Prehrambena skrb, koja bi trebala biti i dio medicinske skrbi, igra ključnu ulogu u prevenciji i liječenju ovih bolesti. Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti znanje liječnika različitih specijalizacija o prehrani prilagođenoj kroničnim bolestima koji se uobičajeno susreću u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi, odnosno kardiovaskularnim bolestima, hipertenziji, pretilosti, dijabetesu tipa 2 i kroničnom gastritisu. Provedeno je presječno opažajno istraživanje primjenom online upitnika kreiranog specifično za potrebe istraživanja. Regrutirano je ukupno 90 liječnika različitih specijalizacija. Rezultati pokazuju malu razliku u znanju između obiteljskih liječnika i specijalista školske medicine, dok su ostali specijalisti imali viši postotak točnih odgovora, što ukazuje na značaj specijalizacije u pogledu savjetovanja pacijenata o promjeni prehrane. Razlike u znanju između liječnika s kraćim i duljim stažem bile su minimalne, što sugerira da dodatni faktori poput specijalizacije i edukacije mogu imati veći utjecaj. Liječnici koji se kroz svoj rad dodatno educiraju u području nutricionizma postigli su bolje rezultate, potvrđujući važnost kontinuiranog profesionalnog usavršavanja. Zaključno, istraživanje pokazuje potrebu za daljnjim ulaganjima u obrazovanje liječnika, osobito obiteljskih liječnika, kako bi se unaprijedila kvaliteta zdravstvene skrbi za oboljele od KNB-a.Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, with a significant impact on public health. Over 74% of all deaths globally are attributed to NCDs. Nutritional care, which sould be integrated into healthcare, plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of NCDs. The aim of this study was to assess the nutrition knowledge for NCDs commonly present in every-day clinical practice among physicians with different specializations. Nutrition knowledge was assessed on cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and chronic gastritis. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted by using an online study-specific questionnaire. A total of 90 pysicians with different specializations were recuited for the study. The results show a small difference in nutrition knowledge between family physicians and school medicine specialists, while other specialists had better knowledge, indicating the importance of specialization in providing professional advice to patients on diet modifications. Physicians with shorter and longer years of experience had similar nutrition knowledge, suggesting that additional factors such as specialization and further education could have a greater impact. Physicians who attend continuous education in nutrition had better knowledge, confirming its importance. Finally, the study highlights the need for further investment in physicians’ education, particularly for family physicians, to improve the quality of healthcare for NCD patients
Supplements in Depressive Disorders
No full textDepresija je biopsihosocijalni poremećaj kojeg karakteriziraju poremećaji raspoloženja. Depresivno raspoloženje karakterizira potištenost, vidan pad energije, interesa i volje, poteškoće koncentracije, promjena sna, apetita i tjelesne mase, osjećanje krivice ili bezvrijednosti, misli o smrti ili suicidu. Prema podacima Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo mentalni poremećaji su drugi najčešći uzrok hospitalizacija u dobi između 20 i 59 godina (12,4 %) odmah iza karcinoma (14,1 %). Visoka stopa morbiditeta i mortaliteta i čest komorbiditet samo su neke od karakteristika depresivnih poremećaja. Depresija može biti uzrok bolesti, ali se često javlja i kao posljedica teških kroničnih bolesti poput dijabetesa, karcinoma ili srčanih bolesti. Svaka peta žena i svaki deseti muškarac tijekom života dožive barem jednu ozbiljnu depresivnu epizodu. Istraživanja su pokazala kako postoji veza između kvalitete prehrane i mentalnog zdravlja. Konkretno, postoje studije koje određene nutrijente i dodatke prehrani dovode u vezu sa smanjenim rizikom od depresije. Hrana ima dalekosežan utjecaj na čovjekov metabolizam, a utjecaj i potencijal hrane da utječe na mentalno zdravlje čovjeka se tek razjašnjava.Depression is a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by mood disorders. Depressive mood is characterized by depression, a noticeable drop in energy, interest and willpower, difficulty concentrating, changes in sleep, appetite and weight, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, thoughts of death or suicide. According to the Croatian Institute of Public Health, mental disorders are the second most common cause of hospitalization between the ages of 20 and 59 (12.4%), right after neoplasms (14.1%). A high rate of morbidity and mortality and frequent comorbidity are just some of the characteristics of depressive disorders. Depression can be the cause of illness, but it often occurs as a consequence of a serious chronic disease such as diabetes, cancer or heart disease. Every fifth woman and every tenth man will experience at least one serious depressive episode during their lifetime. Studies have found a link between diet quality and mental health. In particular, there are studies which certain nutrients and supplements associate with a reduced risk of depression. Food has a far-reaching effect on a person's metabolism, and the power of food to affect mental health is still to be clarified
Balanced Diet or Orthorexia - Where is the Line?
No full textPravilna prehrana temelji se na odabiru hranjivih namirnica i uravnoteženim obrocima, može znatno poboljšati kvalitetu života te ima pozitivan utjecaj na zdravlje. Međutim, s porastom fokusa na zdravu prehranu, javlja se i potencijalna opasnost od ortoreksije nervoze. Ovaj poremećaj karakterizira pretjerana preokupacija „zdravom“ prehranom. Pravilna prehrana potiče svijest o kvaliteti hrane, ali patološka preoukupacija prehranom može uzrokovati ozbiljnie zdravstvene probleme. Ortoreksično ponašanje uključuje zabrinutost za sastojke hrane, podrijetlo namirnica, izrazitu posvećenost pripremi hrane i izbacivanje određenih skupina namirnica iz prehrane. Zbog nedostatka valjanih mjernih alata za razlikovanje zdravih prehrambenih navika od patološkog ponašanja, još uvijek ne postoji formalno prihvaćena definicija za ovaj poremećaj u Dijagnostičkom i statističkom priručniku za mentalne poremećaje. Važno je razumijeti granicu između pravilne prehrane i poremećaja kao što je ortoreksija kako bi se osigurala promocija pravilne prehrane bez negativnih posljedica na prehrambene navike i dobrobit pojedinca. Naglasak je na razvoju zdravog odnosa sa hranom što podrazumijeva raznolikost u prehrani i pridržavanje preporuka bez pretjerane restrikcije ili osjećaja krivnje.Balanced nutrition is based on the selection of nutritious foods and balanced meals, it can significantly improve the quality of life and has a positive impact on health. However, with the increased focus on healthy eating, there is also the potential danger of orthorexia nervosis. The disorder is characterized by an excessive preoccupation with "healthy" eating. Balanced nutrition promotes awareness of food quality, but pathological preocupation with diet can cause serious health problems. Orthorexic behavior includes concern about food ingredients, the origin of foods, a strong dedication to food preparation, and the elimination of certain food groups from the diet. Due to the lack of valid measurement tools to distinguish healthy eating habits from pathological behavior, there is still no formally accepted definition for this disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. It is important to understand the line between proper nutrition and a disorder such as orthorexia in order to ensure that proper nutrition is supported without negative consequences on the individual's eating habits and wellbeing. The emphasis is on developing a healthy relationship with food, which implies variety in the diet and adherence to recommendations without excessive restriction or feelings of guilt
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