1,721,159 research outputs found
High-intensity exercise training ameliorates aberrant expression of markers of mitochondrial turnover but not oxidative damage in skeletal muscle of men with essential hypertension
No full textAIM: To examine whether hypertensive individuals exhibit altered muscle mitochondrial turnover and redox homeostasis compared with healthy normotensive counterparts, and whether the antihypertensive effect of high-intensity exercise training is associated with improved mitochondrial quality and enhanced anti-oxidant defence. METHODS: In a cross-sectional and longitudinal parallel design, 24 essential hypertensive (HYP) and 13 healthy normotensive (NORM) men completed six weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise capacity and skeletal muscle characteristics were examined before and after HIIT. Protein levels of markers of mitochondrial turnover, anti-oxidant protection and oxidative damage were determined in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. Muscle protein levels of eNOS and VEGF, and muscle capillarity were also evaluated. RESULTS: At baseline, HYP exhibited lower expression of markers of mitochondrial volume/biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion/fission and autophagy along with depressed eNOS expression compared with NORM. Content of markers of anti-oxidant protection was similar in HYP and NORM, whereas oxidative damage was higher in HYP than NORM. In HYP, HIIT lowered blood pressure, improved body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise capacity, up-regulated markers of mitochondrial volume/biogenesis and autophagy and increased eNOS and VEGF expression. Furthermore, in HYP, HIIT induced divergent responses in markers of mitochondrial fusion and anti-oxidant protection, did not affect markers of mitochondrial fission, and increased apoptotic susceptibility and oxidative damage. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate aberrant muscle mitochondrial turnover and augmented oxidative damage in hypertensive individuals. High-intensity exercise training can partly reverse hypertension-related impairments in muscle mitochondrial turnover, but not redox imbalance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Development and voluntarism in football clubs
No full textVolunteers are still the most important resource for amateur football clubs. However, stable
voluntary engagement can no longer be granted. This difficulty is confirmed by existing research
across various European countries. From a club management point of view, a detailed
understanding of how to attract volunteers and retain them is becoming a high priority. The purpose
of this study is (1) to analyse the influence of individual characteristics and corresponding
organisational conditions on volunteering and (2) to examine the decision-making processes in
relation to implement effective strategies for recruiting volunteers. To answer these questions, the
current state of research is summarised and then a multi-level-framework is developed which is
based on the structural-individualistic social theory. The individual and context factors for
volunteering are estimated in different multi-level models based on a sample of n=1,434 sport club
members from 36 sport clubs in Switzerland. Results indicate that volunteering is not just an
outcome of individual characteristics such as lower workloads, higher income, children belonging
to the sport club, longer club membership, or a strong commitment to the club. It is also influenced
by club-specific structural conditions. Concerning decision-making processes an in-depth analysis
of recruitment practices for volunteers was conducted in selected clubs (case study design). based on the garbage can model. The results show that systematically designed decision-making processes
with a clear regulation of responsibilities seem to solve personnel problems more purposefully and
more quickly. Based on the findings some recommendations for volunteer management in football
clubs are worked out
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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