277 research outputs found
Status reports to the recycled paper and surface and colloid science project advisory committees, March 27, 1997
No full text"March 27, 1997."Flotation deinking fluid mechanics: project F00903 / Ted Heindel ; Fiber carry over reduction in flotation deinking: project E00104/F00904 / Yuling Deng ; Utilization of recycled fibers-stickies: project F00902 / Sujit Banerjee, Sonal Patel, Thomas Merchant -- Slide Material
Status reports to the Recycling and Surface and Colloid Science Project Advisory Committee, March 20 - 21, 1996
No full text"March 20-21, 1996."Interactions among fiber, water and stickies: project FY95-96 / Sujit Banerjee ... [et al.] ; Multiphase flow in recycling operations: project F009-03 / Ted Heindel ; Improved performance of recycled fibers: project F009-01 / John F. Waterhouse, Ye Xiao-Liang ; Fundamentals of fiber losses in flotation deinking: project E00104 / Yulin Deng, Marcos Abazeri, John Waterhouse
Status reports to the recycled paper and surface and colloid science project advisory committees
No full text"March 22-23, 1995."Utilization of recycled fibers: project F009 / Sujit Banerjee ... [et al.] ; Improved performance of recycled fines: project 3681-6/F009-01 / John F. Waterhouse, Ye Xiao-Liang ; Multiphase flow in recycling operations: project 3681-04/F00903 / Ted Heindel ; Strength properties of recycled fibers and paper: project E00105 / R. L. Ellis -- Slide Material
Apparatus For Multi-Nip Impulse Drying
No full textA continuous process for the dewatering of a wide variety of solid-liquid matrices, including primary and secondary sludge, involves the simultaneous application of pressure and heat to solid-liquid matrices.Institute Of Paper Science And Technolog
Constructing indicators from patent specifications: What they reveal and what they imply?
No full textThe study distinguishes some of the rich sources of information that can be extracted from a patent document and can act as an indicator to measure some of the technological features of patenting activity of a firm/country. The paper attempts to highlight this through empirical examination of patents granted to Indian institutions in the US. The applicability of the indicators that are distinguished and meaning they can convey are addressed in this study
Hierarchical Bayesian auto-regressive models for large space time data with applications to ozone concentration modelling
No full textIncreasingly large volumes of space-time data are collected everywhere by mobile computing applications, and in many of these cases temporal data are obtained by registering events, for example telecommunication or web traffic data. Having both the spatial and temporal dimensions adds substantial complexity to data analysis and inference tasks. The computational complexity increases rapidly for fitting Bayesian hierarchical models, as such a task involves repeated inversion of large matrices. The primary focus of this paper is on developing space-time auto-regressive models under the hierarchical Bayesian setup. To handle large data sets, a recently developed Gaussian predictive process approximation method (Banerjee et al. [1]) is extended to include auto-regressive terms of latent space-time processes. Specifically, a space-time auto-regressive process, supported on a set of a smaller number of knot locations, is spatially interpolated to approximate the original space-time process. The resulting model is specified within a hierarchical Bayesian framework and Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques are used to make inference. The proposed model is applied for analysing the daily maximum 8-hour average ground level ozone concentration data from 1997 to 2006 from a large study region in the eastern United States. The developed methods allow accurate spatial prediction of a temporally aggregated ozone summary, known as the primary ozone standard, along with its uncertainty, at any unmonitored location during the study period. Trends in spatial patterns of many features of the posterior predictive distribution of the primary standard, such as the probability of non-compliance with respect to the standard, are obtained and illustrated
System And Method For Altering The Tack Of Materials Using An Electrohydraulic Discharge
No full textA system and method for altering the tack of a material, namely a polymer used as an adhesive, also known as stickies, or pitch. The present invention reduces the tack of the stickies and pitch by exposing the materials for a short duration to low-energy pulsed electrical discharges between a pair of electrodes that are submerged in a liquid medium, such as a fiber stream, water, a pulp slurry, or whitewater.Institute Of Paper Science And Technology, Inc
Role of Lactate and TREK1 Channels in Neuroprotection during Cerebral Ischemia – in Vitro Study in Rat Hippocampus
No full textCerebral ischemia is a highly debilitating condition where shortage of oxygen and glucose leads to profuse cell death. Insufficient blood supply to the brain leads to cerebral ischemia and increase in extracellular lactate concentrations. Rise in lactate concentration and the leak potassium channel TREK1 have been independently associated with cerebral ischemia. Lactate is a neuroprotective metabolite whose concentrations increase to 15-30 mM during ischemia and TREK1 is a neuroprotective potassium channel which is upregulated during ischemia. Recent literature suggests lactate to be neuroprotective and TREK1 knockout mice show an increased sensitivity to brain and spinal cord ischemia, however the connecting link between the two is missing. We hypothesized that lactate might interact with TREK1 channels and mediate neuroprotection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lactate on activity and expression of TREK1 channels and evaluate the role of lactate-TREK1 interaction in conferring neuroprotection in the ischemia-prone hippocampus
Ischemic concentrations (15-30 mM) of lactate at pH 7.4 increased whole cell TREK1 current in CA1 stratum radiator astrocytes and caused membrane hyperpolarization. We confirmed the intracellular action of lactate on TREK1 in hippocampal slices using mono carboxylate transporter blockers. The intracellular effect of lactate on TREK1 channels is specific since other mono carboxylates such as pyruvate at pH 7.4 failed to increase TREK1 current. We used immunostaining, western blot and electrophysiology to show that 15-30 mM of lactate increased functional TREK1 protein expression by 1.5-3 fold in hippocampal astrocytes. Next, we performed quantitative PCR to investigate if the increase in TREK1 protein expression was due to increased transcription and found that lactate stimulated TREK1 mRNA transcription to increase TREK1 protein. Lactate mediated increase in TREK1 expression was dependent on protein kinase A as inhibitors of protein kinase A abolished the increase in TREK1 mRNA and protein.
The role of lactate-TREK1 interaction in neuroprotection was subsequently investigated using an in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation model of ischemia. Addition of 30 mM lactate to oxygen glucose deprived slices reduced neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer. However, 30 mM lactate failed to reduce cell death in rat hippocampal slices treated with TREK1 channel blockers signifying the requirement of active TREK1 channels for lactate mediated neuroprotection. However, lactate in the presence of protein kinase inhibitor failed to reduce cell death. This might be related to the role of protein kinase A in upregulation of TREK1 channels.
We also estimated CA1 pyramidal neuronal TREK1 channel expression and found both lactate and oxygen glucose deprivation to decrease TREK1 channel expression that was surprisingly opposite to the effects on astrocytes. As TREK1 channel activation and upregulation decreases neuronal excitability, a decrease in neuronal TREK1 channel expression in response to lactate is expected to cause higher neuronal death and fails to explain lactate mediated neuroprotection. Since, lactate upregulated TREK1 channel expression and functional activity in CA1 stratum radiate astrocytes, we reasoned that the lactate mediated neuroprotection might be via astrocytic TREK1 channels requiring viable functional astrocytes. This was tested by disrupting astrocyte function using gliotoxin, and estimating cell death in oxygen glucose deprived hippocampal slices. Lactate failed to reduce cell death in presence of gliotoxin signifying the importance of viable astrocytes for lactate mediated neuroprotection.
The above effects were specific to lactate as pyruvate failed to increase TREK1 expression and reduce cell death. TREK1 channels contribute to neuroprotection by enhancing potassium buffering and glutamate clearance capacity of astrocytes. We propose that lactate promotes neuronal survival in hippocampus by increasing TREK1 channel expression and activity in astrocytes during ischemia. This pathway serves as an alternate mechanism of neuroprotection
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