1,720,968 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Gain-of-Function Influenza Research: A New Paradigm or an Engineered Pandemic? A Comprehensive Assessment of the Merits and Risks of Gain-of-Function Experiments and a Proposed Framework Going Forward
No full textInfluenza A virus poses a grave threat to individual and public health, as seasonal influenza kills upwards of 500,000 people globally every year. Gaping holes in our knowledge of the complex mechanisms underlying its rapid evolution and cross-species transmission persist despite concerted research efforts to elucidate these processes. In light of an imminent pandemic capable of exterminating tens of millions of people and animals in a short period of time, the dire need for intensive basic biology research is indisputable. In 2011, two NIH- supported research groups conducted gain-of-function experiments to study the factors involved in the virulence and transmissibility of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in ferrets, the best available mammalian model organism to study influenza infection in humans. By introducing mutations into the viral genome and serially passaging these flu strains through ferret animals, the Fouchier research group and the Kawaoka research group were able to identify specific mutations that rendered these lab-modified H5N1 variants transmissible in ferrets. After a public announcement of inducing a highly pathogenic avian flu virus H5N1 to become transmissible in mammals by Ron Fouchier, the principal investigator of one of the research groups that conducted these gain-of-function studies, the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) reviewed the details of the studies conducted. After instituting a voluntary research moratorium on gain-of-function influenza research, the NSABB, in an unprecedented move, recommended that both papers be published in redacted form, citing a threat to national security. This seminal event stirred a polarized debate centered on issues of academic freedom, censorship, and biosecurity that still persists today. These gain-of- function experiments are classified as ¿dual-use research of concern¿ (DURC), or research that can be used both for good and ill. Open access publication of complete manuscripts posed a biosecurity risk, as knowledge of these studies could be used by malicious individuals to potentially create a pandemic strain of influenza that could be used as a biological weapon against other nations.
Scientists, policymakers, national security experts, and concerned members of the public alike question whether the merits of this research outweighed the accompanying risks and whether this type of research should be undertaken in the first place.
This prompted further questions regarding the regulation of DURC, leading to a reform in NIH Guidelines and persisting questions about the future of gain-of-function experiments. After investigating the history of DURC in the United States and evaluating lessons learnt from the historical precedent of recombinant DNA technology and the Asimolar Conference in the 1970s, I conducted a comprehensive cost-benefit assessment and concluded that the merits of gain-of-function influenza research outweigh the potential risks. My investigation culminated in the formulation of a framework for evaluating the most salient issues concerning the future of gain-of-function influenza research. Thorough evaluation of these salient issues informed the proposals for policy reform presented in the final chapter, which address the need for legally binding biosecurity and biosafety measures in the regulation of DURC research in order to mitigate the threat to national security and public health
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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