1,721,010 research outputs found
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Emerging Business Models in Cancer Diagnostic Startups in India and Lessons for African Countries
Get PDFThis chapter examines three innovative medical devices and diagnostics startups in India with potential for improving cancer care in low-resource health systems. The chapter describes and discusses their business model adaptations to India’s complex cancer care markets, and shows how early stage financial support, from government schemes, financial institutions, universities and venture capital, is instrumental in supporting entrepreneurship. However, firms struggle to capture value in later stages of technology commercialisation because of a lack of last-mile investment, medical culture and barriers to accessing the public healthcare market. Implications are drawn for industrial support in African contexts
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Realistic Ambitions: Technology Transfer for Biologics Platform Technologies
Get PDFThis chapter argues that the recent international support for expanding vaccine production in African countries offers local policymakers and industrialists an opportunity that should be seized, to transition local manufacturing capabilities to produce biologics. Biologics offer a broader portfolio of cancer therapies. Biologics such as monoclonal antibodies represent an incremental innovation for vaccine manufacturers, with lower learning and transition costs than those that would be faced by manufacturers of chemical drugs seeking to move into biologics. However, biologics production in Africa is not only a technological project, it is also political and economic, feeding into geo-politics debates
Pharmaceutical Standards in Africa: The Road to Improvement and Their Role in Technological Capability Upgrading
No full textThis chapter discusses standards, an elusive term and concept. For the African pharmaceutical sector especially, the term is used by the manufacturing sector, regulators, technical experts, procurement agencies, health system actors and policy makers to mean different things. There is a dearth of systematic studies that address what standards are, their classification and the logic behind their set-up and operation, and this has contributed to a huge asymmetry in understanding. The socioeconomic, technical and political issues and how they have an impact on local production and industry development, including their effects on access to markets, have also not been systematically explored. Our discussion of standards is informed by extensive literature searches, fieldwork in India, Kenya, Zimbabwe and South Africa where we interviewed technical experts in 2014, and interaction with regulatory and compliance experts in the UK
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Broken Supply Chains and Local Manufacturing Innovation: Responses to Covid-19 and Their Implications for Policy
Get PDFThe immense scale of the pandemic healthcare supply crisis across Sub-Saharan Africa showed that a stronger industrial base allowed India, and some African countries, to better tackle crucial supply gaps. Governments have been forced by Covid-19 into developing new “socio-technical imaginaries”: shared visions of what is possible and important for local health security. The pandemic confirmed widespread pre-pandemic African predictions that in a major crisis, African countries would find themselves at the back of the queue; that truth is driving a new recognition of industrialisation’s role in building local health security, including the huge challenge of cancer care in Africa
Recruiting students for COVID-19 emergency response: Lessons from eight African countries
No full textA questionnaire on recruiting students for COVID-19 emergency response was sent to 9 TIBA countries and 8 responded. The dataset comprises of an excel spreadsheet containing the responses and a word document summarizing the results.Mkenda, Vera; Woolhouse, Mark; Mutapi, Francisca; Banda, Geoffrey. (2020). Recruiting students for COVID-19 emergency response: Lessons from eight African countries, [dataset]. TIBA Partnership Program. University of Edinburgh. https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/2895
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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Conclusion:Better cancer care and greater local health security: Lessons, opportunities and ways forward
Get PDFIn pulling together the book’s analytical themes and practical lessons in the conclusion, this chapter emphasises as a core theme the scope for bringing together health, industrial development and innovation to build greater local health security, for cancer care, across the spectrum of health need and pandemic preparedness. The pandemic and our study of cancer care reinforced the importance of simultaneous co-resolution of challenges pertaining to health systems strengthening, development of broad industrial capabilities and improvements in planning, organisational, funding and institutional capabilities. This is critical for building agile and resilient local health security, a critical pre-condition for global health security.</p
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