219 research outputs found
For More Energy Efficient Dual-hop DF Relaying Power Line Communication Systems
Get PDFEnergy efficiency in multi-hop cooperative power line communication (PLC) systems has recently received considerable attention in the literature. In order to make such systems more energy-efficient, this paper proposes a relaying technique equipped with energy-harvesting capabilities. More specifically, we consider a dual-hop decode-and-forward (DF) broadband PLC relaying system in which the relay exploits the high noise inherent in PLC channels to further enhance energy efficiency; this system will be referred to as DF with energy-harvesting (DF-EH). This study deploys, particularly, the time-switching relaying protocol for energy-harvesting. An accurate analytical expression for the energy efficiency and a closed-form expression for the average outage probability of the proposed system are derived and then verified with Monte Carlo simulations. For the sake of comparison and to highlight the achievable gains, we also analyze the energy efficiency performances and the average outage probabilities of the conventional DF relaying system, i.e. without energy-harvesting, as well as that of the direct-link approach. Furthermore, various frequency selection and power allocation strategies, namely, optimal frequency selection, random frequency selection and equal power allocation, exploiting the multiple power cables, are studied. Then, the impact of several system parameters such as the energy-harvesting time factor, various idle power consumption profiles, relay location, power allocation as well as different noise scenarios are examined. The results reveal that the proposed DF-EH system is able to provide energy efficiency improvements of more than 30% compared to the conventional DF relaying scheme. It is also shown that the proposed system with optimal frequency selection performs better at low SNR whereas at high SNR the equal power allocation based system will have the best performance
Virtual Microgrids: A Management Concept for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading
Get PDFThe proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) and smart technologies has enabled the integration of microgrid generation into the energy supply chain. This paper proposes the use of energy trading agents (ETA) in the overlaying communication system in a neighbourhood area network (NAN) in which a number of microgrids (MGs) are grouped together into logical clusters called virtual MGs (VMGs) to minimize operational costs. To decouple the communication network from the grid topology and study the communication performance, each VMG is assigned an ETA such that prosumers in a VMG exchange messages only with the ETA rather than uncontrolled messaging in the network. Although this reduces the amount of network traffic, a key question is on how to determine the optimal location of the ETAs. For VMGs of regular shapes, we formulate this as a simple minimization problem of Euclidean distances of regular shapes. Our results show that by employing ETAs, the model reduces the distance traversed by a prosumer by 40%
Performance evaluation of Wireless Mesh Network routing protocol for smart grid networks
Get PDFRecent Advances in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) makes it one of the candidate communication technologies for Smart Grid Automatic Metering Infrastructure (AMI) because of its scalability and low cost of deployment. However, its capacity and multi-hoping performance in dynamic environment may not guarantee resilience and packet delivery reliability requirements of AMI. Theoretical and practical studies have shown that the multi-hoping capacity of a mesh network is constrained by increase in the number of nodes and number of hops in the network. In addition traffic requirements for smart meters will further compound WMN multi-hopping issues. In this paper, the performance of WMN when deployed for AMI is carried out using two wireless routing protocols; Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) and Optimised Link State Rout protocol (OLSR) in NS-3. Simulation results show that compared to the reliability requirement of AMI, there is need for improving the routing metric for both protocols. Furthermore, The Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP) which allows layer 2 link estimation was proposed to enhance the route decision
Broadband Transmission over indoor Power-line channels
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Two-Stage Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access over Power Line Communication Channels
Get PDFNon-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has recently been proposed for dual-hop cooperative relaying power line communication (PLC) systems. Unlike conventional NOMA-PLC schemes which deploy NOMA only at the relay, this paper proposes to enhance the performance of such systems by implementing the principle of NOMA at both the source and relaying modems. The system performance is evaluated in terms of the average sum capacity for which analytical expressions are derived for both the improved and conventional NOMA-PLC systems. Throughout our analysis, the PLC channel is assumed narrow-band modeled with log-normal amplitude distribution and the total PLC noise consists of both background and impulsive noise. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to corroborate the accuracy of our theoretical analysis. The derived expressions are utilized to examine the impact of various system parameters on the average capacity performance; this includes: impulsive noise probability, network branching, power allocation coefficients and transmit power. The optimization problem of the power allocation coefficients is also addressed for both NOMA-PLC systems under consideration. Results reveal that significant gains in the average capacity can be attained with the improved NOMA-PLC approach compared to the conventional system. In addition, the improved system is able to meet a given performance requirement with smaller transmit power offering more relaxed electromagnetic compatibility issues associated with PLCs. Finally, it is demonstrated that optimizing the power allocation coefficients at both the source and relay modems is crucial to maximize performance
An experimental evaluation of a 3D visible light positioning system in an industrial environment with receiver tilt and multipath reflections
Get PDF6LoPLC for smart grid applications
Get PDF© 2015 IEEE. Reliable monitoring, intelligence and control achieved through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) will determine the success of next generation power grid. This paper proposes a Low Power transmission of Internet Protocol version 6 in PLC (6LoPLC) to provide network reliability with acceptable latency in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). The analysis presented here are preliminary results from an ongoing research that attempts to leverage existing wireless techniques to achieve energy efficiency in PLC. A model was developed using NS-3 to measure and analyze the performance of low-power Narrow Band PLC (NBPLC) in AMI services. Simulation results obtained so far are quite promising
A Comparison between Orthogonal and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Cooperative Relaying Power Line Communication Systems
Get PDFMost, if not all, existing studies on power line communication (PLC) systems as well as industrial PLC standards are based on orthogonal multiple access schemes such as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing and code-division multiple access. In this paper, we propose non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for decode-and-forward cooperative relaying PLC systems to achieve higher throughput and improve user fairness. To quantitatively characterize the proposed system performance, we also study conventional cooperative relaying (CCR) PLC systems. We evaluate the performance of the two systems in terms of the average capacity. In this respect, accurate analytical expressions for the average capacity are derived and validated with Monte Carlo simulations. The impact of several system parameters such as the branching, impulsive noise probability, cable lengths, the power allocation coefficients and input signal-to-noise ratio are investigated. The results reveal that the performance of the proposed NOMA-PLC scheme is superior compared to that of the CCR-PLC system. It is also shown that NOMA-PLC can be more effective in reducing electromagnetic compatibility associated with PLC and that increasing the network branches can considerably degrade performance. Moreover, optimizing the power allocation coefficients is found to be of utmost importance to maximize the performance of the proposed system
Home Energy Management System over Low-Power Narrowband PLC
Get PDFThe need for efficient use of energy has inspired intelligent load control strategies in the home area network (HAN) using the power of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This paper investigates the use of low-power Narrowband Power Line Communication (NPLC) to support home energy management system (HEMS). Compared with low power wireless systems, it will be shown that using low-power Narrowband PLC (NPLC), packet success rate can be improved by approximately 85.32%, 208% and 85.32% in dense, sparse and large networks respectively. These results imply that low power NPLC is a feasible alternative for HEMS where low power wireless network is limited or inadequate
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