1,721,023 research outputs found
Immersed vs. detached: Reappraisal strategies of situated high-impact emotional events. A behavioral, physiological and experiential response analysis.
No full textThe present study was aimed at the investigation of cognitive reappraisal and its short-term outcomes on three emotional response systems: behavior, physiology and subjective experience. 163 nursing students were asked to watch the same high-impact event (amputation of an arm) which was incorporated within a longer clip assembled using the films provided by the previous study (Study 2). Two different reappraisal strategies were compared: in one group, subjects (N=83) were asked to distance themselves in front of the negative event to down-regulate negative emotions, whereas in the second group (N=80) participants were asked to adopt an immersed and participated attitude towards the events. The study presents the results about the effect of the type of scenario and type of regulation instruction on emotional responses belonging to subjective experience (indexes of emotional impact), behavioral expression (face, gaze, posture and head movements) and physiological arousal (HR and EDA)
Stress e strategie di coping in pronto soccorso.
No full textIl presente studio si propone di indagare l’esistenza di un legame tra livello di stress percepito e il ricorso a particolari stili di coping, partendo dall’ipotesi che l’utilizzo di specifiche tipologie di coping risulti maggiormente funzionale, ovvero possa indurre la percezione di un livello di stress inferiore. A un campione di 70 medici (41 maschi e 29 femmine; età media = 40,8anni) che operano nei reparti di medicina di emergenza-urgenza di alcuni ospedali del Nord Italia sono stati somministrati un questionario per la rilevazione del livello di stress percepito (Job Stress Questionnaire: Harris et al., 1999) e un questionario relativo all’uso delle strategie di coping (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, CISS: Endler & Parker, 1990). I risultati dello studio evidenziano che i medici dell’emergenza tendono ad adottare, nella maggioranza dei casi, uno stile di coping focalizzato sul problema e quindi mettono in atto una strategia di diretto affrontamento della situazione stressante che risulta efficace e funzionale alla riduzione del livello di stress percepito. Un numero inferiore di medici, invece, tende a utilizzare con una certa frequenza lo stile di coping focalizzato sull’emozione, che rappresenta il tentativo di gestire e contenere il proprio vissuto emotivo negativo, e che risulta associato alla percezione di un livello di stress significativamente superiore rispetto allo stile di coping focalizzato sul problema. Infine, un numero decisamente inferiore di medici adotta uno stile di coping evitante, di allontanamento dalla situazione stressante, che non risulta essere associato in maniera significativa al livello di stress percepito dai medici dell’emergenza
Addressing Discrepancies in the Assessment Emotional Granularity: Development of a Novel Method Using Open-Ended Descriptions.
No full textEmotional granularity (EG), the ability to differentiate between specific emotions with a high level of complexity and precision, is commonly assessed behaviorally through experience sampling methods (ESM). Participants rate the intensity of their momentary emotions over several days, and their ratings are then used to compute an EG index via within-person intraclass correlations (ICCs). Recently, an alternative approach has been developed to code affective natural language descriptions using two indices, namely the specificity index and the nuance score. Yet, these two measures overlook some relevant aspects, such as the actual richness and variability of affective vocabulary. Moreover, preliminary findings suggested that EG as computed via ICCs is unrelated to both the specificity index and the nuance score.
The present study proposes a novel mathematical derivation of an EG index calculated from open-ended descriptions of emotional states. Moreover, we explore whether the ICCs EG index correlates with EG assessed through natural language descriptions.
Sixty females suffering from chronic pelvic pain participated in a 1-month diary study. For each pain episode, participants freely narrated their pain experience focusing on its affective correlates and rated their affective experience using a set of 14 negative emotional adjectives.
Concerning results, we expect that EG measured via predetermined adjectives will be unrelated to the specificity index and the nuance score but will correlate with our new derivation. This study may provide new evidence about the different methods commonly used in EG assessment to determine if they yield comparable results and are, therefore, equally valid
Introduzione
No full textL'articolo offre un quadro delle più attuali teorie di riferimento e delle varie applicazioni della psicologia del benessere
Immersed vs. Detached: Reappraisal Strategies of Situated High-Impact Emotional Events. A Behavioral, Physiological and Experiential Response Analysis
No full textIl progetto di ricerca indaga la regolazione emotiva analizzando le interazioni complesse tra strategie di regolazione dell'individuo e variabili proprie dello stimolo elicitante. A tale scopo, il progetto si struttura in tre studi. Nello Studio 1, una batteria di questionari per la valutazione di strategie stabili di regolazione e coping è stata somministrata ad un campione di 198 studenti infermieri che partecipavano allo Studio 3 e ad un gruppo di controllo di 416 studenti universitari. Lo studio presenta inoltre una validazione preliminare dell'Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in lingua italiana. Lo Studio 2 riguarda la misurazione dell'impatto emotivo di stimoli elicitanti: una batteria di filmati emotivi è stata costruita attraverso la manipolazione di due dimensioni di appraisal emotivo e somministrata a 420 studenti universitari a cui era chiesto di valutare la propria esperienza emotiva. Infine, nello Studio 3, uno stesso filmato di chirurgia ma incorporato all'interno di contesti diversi (costituiti dai filmati testati nello studio 2) è stato sottoposto a 163 studenti infermieri allo scopo di analizzare gli effetti a breve termine di due strategie di rivalutazione cognitiva quando l'individuo affronta un evento ad alto impatto emotivo contestualizzato. Ai partecipanti era chiesto di osservare gli eventi cercando di immedesimarsi o di distanziarsi. Lo studio analizza le risposte emotive in tre sistemi di risposta emotiva: fisiologico, comportamentale ed esperienziale.The present research program investigated emotion regulation analyzing the complex interaction between variables concerning individual regulatory strategies and variables concerning the eliciting stimulus. To this purpose, the research program was structured into three studies. In Study 1, a set of questionnaires assessing individual stable emotion regulation and coping strategies was administered to a sample of 198 nursing students who participated to Study 3 and to a control sample of 416 undergraduate students. A preliminary Italian validation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) was conducted. Study 2 aimed at measuring the emotional impact of eliciting stimuli: a set of emotion-generating films were constructed according to the manipulation of appraisal criteria and administered to 420 undergraduate students who were asked to rate their emotional experience. In Study 3, 163 nursing students watched the same surgery clip included within different contextual scenarios provided by the film stimuli tested in Study 2. The main goal was the investigation of the short-terms outcomes of two types of reappraisal when the individual is confronted with a contextualized high-impact emotional event: to this purpose, participants were asked to adopt a detached vs. immersed point of view. Three systems of emotional response were analyzed as indicated by emotion literature: behavioural, physiological and experiential
Struttura del Costrutto di Coping e Relazioni con la Regolazione Emotiva
No full textIl costrutto di coping è riconosciuto di fondamentale importanza per comprendere le conseguenze di eventi di vita stressanti sul benessere psico-fisico dell’individuo. Ciò nonostante, esiste scarso consenso sulla concettualizzazione e misurazione delle cosiddette modalità di coping, ovvero le risposte comportamentali/cognitive che gli individui mettono in atto per gestire lo stress. Un primo problema è quindi quello di definire una struttura gerarchica del costrutto, ovvero un insieme coerente di categorie che organizzino le modalità di coping in base alle loro funzioni di mediazione degli effetti dello stress. Un secondo problema riguarda la relazione, di inclusione o meno, tra il coping e la regolazione emotiva. La presente ricerca affronta questi due interrogativi.
Campione: 416 studenti universitari (età: M = 21.6; DS = 3.01; 68.5% F) di diverse facoltà. Strumenti: Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE); Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ).
Sono state condotte analisi fattoriali confermative (MPLUS) 1) di ciascuna sotto-scala; 2) di un modello con inclusione di tutte le sottoscale senza fattori sovra-ordinati; 3) di un modello con inclusione di 5 fattori sovra-ordinati derivati dalla letteratura: Regolazione Emotiva, Engagement Coping, suddiviso in Focus sul Problema e Focus sull’Emozione, Disengagement Coping. Il modello senza inclusione di fattori sovra-ordinati mostra gli indici di fit più alti, χ2 (2772) = 4792.71, p < .001, CFI = .850, RMSEA = .042, RMSEA CI = .040-.044. La Rivalutazione Cognitiva risulta associata a Reinterpretazione Positiva e Coping Attivo, l’Inibizione Espressiva al Contenimento, e negativamente a Sfogo e Supporto Sociale. Le strategie di regolazione emotiva risultano differentemente associate a strategie di coping ma non a esse sovrapponibili
Italian Adaptation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
No full textThe goal of this research was to develop and validate an Italian version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ: Gross & John, 2003). In an Italian undergraduate sample (N=416), the two-scale ERQ structure was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and each of the two scales (Reappraisal and Suppression) showed good internal consistency. The Italian ERQ also showed predicted associations with measures of coping, affect, personality, and social functioning. Specifically, Reappraisal was positively correlated with positive reinterpretation, positive affect, and extraversion, but negatively correlated with negative affect and neuroticism. Suppression, by contrast, was negatively correlated with venting of emotions, positive affect, extraversion, social support and social diversion. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Italian ERQ is a reliable and valid measure that inherits the nomological network of associations from the original version of the ERQ
An Italian Adaptation of the Metacognition Awareness Inventory (MAI): Factorial Structure and Associations to Self Esteem and Anxiety
No full textIn this study, an Italian translation of the Metacognition Awareness Inventory (MAI: Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994) was administered to a sample of 300 high school and university students. The MAI is a 52-item self-report questionnaire which consists of two scales corresponding to two related components underlying Metacognition: Knowledge of Cognition and Regulation of Cognition. The Italian translation of the MAI was developed with a back-translation procedure by two independent translators. Participants were also asked to answer the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), to test the hypotheses that metacognition is positively associated to self-esteem and negatively related to both state and trait anxiety. Data analysis are currently under way. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) will test the two factor structure of the questionnaire, whereas correlation and regression analyses will be used to analyze the associations with self esteem and anxiety
Alla ricerca del Sacro Graal. Strumenti per la valutazione di idoneità alla guida: Il Vienna Test.
No full textIl contributo approfondisce gli strumenti per la valutazione dell'idoneità alla guida con particolare focus sul Vienna Test System
Using a Reminiscence-based Approach to Investigate the Cognitive Reserve of a Healthy Aging Population
No full textObjectives: The concept of Cognitive Reserve (CR) has been used to account for brain plasticity in older adults that may underlie the resilience against the effects of aging or pathology on cognitive abilities. This study aims at exploring the proxies of CR in a sample of healthy older adults by analyzing their spontaneous reminiscence through a discourse analysis approach. Method: Fifteen community-dwelling older adults were asked to participate in a video-recorded, spontaneous reminiscence interview. Interviews were transcribed according to Conversation Analysis, and two judges classified the interview content identifying five main markers of CR: enriched environment, cognitively stimulating activities, education, physical activity, and social interaction. Results: Reminiscence allowed to identify markers of CR. Sharing stories that are linked to CR markers promote positive emotion, coherent sense of self, and cognitive evaluation of the importance of the social network. Conclusions: Reminisce looks like a possible approach not only to indirect evaluate the CR, but also to promote it. Clinical Implications: The reminisce approach can be used as a clinical tool to assess and increase the CR, help the clinical population to experience more positive emotions, maintain a more defined sense of self, and value more the social resources available
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