1,720,978 research outputs found
Localization of acetylcholinesterase in normal human fibroblasts and a human fibrosarcoma cell line.
No full textA modified histochemical procedure was used to detect specific acetylcholinesterase localization in cultured human cells. Enzymic activity was found in cytoplasm in the perinuclear zone and in the plasma membrane of 20% to 40% of HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. The presence of pseudocholinesterase was excluded using specific substrates and inhibitors. A role for AChE in tumorogenesis is hypothesise
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Early functional activation of natural killer cell and dendritic cell during the antitumor therapeutic response induced by TNFa tumor vessel delivery and melphalan
No full textIntroduction: Among the innate cells involved in the rejection and memory process, DCs appear the major APCs able to convey to tumor-specific T cells effective signals for early antigen recognition and T-cell activation. Interestingly, it has also been shown that DCs can interact with NK cells via a cooperative cross-talk that leads to activation of each other and to development of immune TH1 cells and activation of CTL effector response. We previously demonstrated that a single systemic administration of L19mTNFa selectively targets the tumor vasculature, and in combination with melphalan is able to induce a long-lasting therapeutic T cell immune response in two tumor mouse models: WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma, that respond well to the therapy (85%), and C51 colon carcinoma, low cured which showed a poor response to therapy (30%). In the present study we wanted to investigate the role of NK, DC and macrophages during the combined treatment in WEHI-164 and C51 tumors.
Material and method: The induced-immune responses were investigated in spleens, lymph nodes and tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes by flow cytometry, intracellular immunostaining, chromium release cytotoxicity and FACS cell sorting.
Results and discussion: We found that 40h after L19TNFa/melphalan treatment in the WEHI-164, tumor-derived lymph nodes (TDLN) display an increased number of mature CD40+CD86+ DCs, functional NK cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as compared to LN of untreated mice. In the spleens of treated WEHI-164-bearing mice, we also observed TH1 cell polarization, CD8+ T cell activation and an increase in cytotoxic NK cells. With L19TNFa/melphalan treatment, increased mature DC were found among the immune cells infiltrating the tumors in conjunction with NKs, CD4 and CD8 T cells, as compared to control mice early on after the combined treatment. Otherwise, in the TDLN of treated C51 tumor-bearing mice, neither a significant influx of mature DC, nor activation of NK cells was observed. In the spleens there was no activation of NK cells and a high MDSC population. Interestingly in both tumor models, a significant decrease of infiltrating M2-type macrophages was detected after the treatment.
Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that the success of L19TNFa/melphalan is related, in addition to the previous reported T cell responses, to the early activation and polarization of NK cells and DCs
Early triggering of natural killer and dendritic cell during antitumor therapeutic response induced by TNFa tumor vessel delivery and melphalan
No full textPURPOSE: A systemic administration of L19mTNFa selectively targets the tumor vasculature, and in combination with melphalan is able to induce a long-lasting therapeutic response and immune T cell memory in two tumor mice models: WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma, that respond well to the therapy (85%), and C51 colon carcinoma, low cured which showed a poor response to therapy (30%). The combined treatment was exploited to determine the role of NK, DC and macrophages in WEHI-164 and C51 tumors.
METHODS: The induced-immune responses were investigated by flow cytometry, intracellular immunostaining, chromium release cytotoxicity and FACS cell sorting.
RESULTS: We found that 40h after L19TNFa/melphalan treatment in the WEHI-164, tumor-derived lymph nodes (TDLN) display an increased number of mature CD40+CD86+ DC, functional NK cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as compared to LN of untreated mice. In the spleens of treated WEHI-164-bearing mice, we also observed TH1 cell polarization, CD8+ T cell activation and an increase in cytotoxic NK cells. With L19TNFa/melphalan treatment, increased mature DC were found among the immune cells infiltrating the tumors in conjunction with NK, CD4 and CD8 T cells, as compared to control mice early on after the combined treatment. Otherwise, in the TDLN of treated C51 tumor-bearing mice, neither a significant influx of mature DC, nor activation of NK cells was observed. In the spleens there was no activation of NK cells and a high MDSC population. Interestingly in both tumor models, a significant decrease of infiltrating M2-type macrophages was detected after the treatment.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that the success of L19TNFa/melphalan is related, in addition to the previous reported T cell responses, to the early activation and polarization of NK and DC.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: L. Mortara, et al., Cancer Med. 2013. L. Mortara, et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 2007. L. Mortara, et al., Clin. Cancer Res. 2006
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