1,720,968 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Data structures optimization methodology for dynamic applications in embedded systems
No full textThe next generation of embedded computing systems will be dominated by mobile, smart devices capable of delivering a wide range of communication and multimedia services anywhere. This set of devices includes PDAs, smartphones and video consoles. On the other hand, as technology progresses, users demand more and more complex and dynamic applications. Cases like voice transmission VoIP, high definition video rendering, internet browsing and 3D applications share as common characteristic the increased need in data storage and access. In order to provide a flowing performance in this wide range of applications, the optimization of the embedded systems is necessary in both the hardware and the software level.
In dynamic applications, data is stored in entities called data structures, dynamic data types or simply containers, like arrays, lists or trees, which can adapt dynamically to its needs. These containers are realized at the software architecture level and are responsible for keeping and organizing the data in the memory and also servicing the application’s requests at run-time. The latter include abstract data type operators for storing, retrieving or altering any data value, which is not tied to a specific container implementation and shares a common interface. The implementation of these operators depends on the chosen container and each one of them can favour specific data access and storage patterns.
Moreover, modern applications behave differently based on the various inputs that stimulate them. This leads to the execution of different paths in the source code, which in turn translates to a dynamic and most importantly unpredictable use of data. Since data are stored on data structures, the implementation of these structures should be customized to the particular data usage pattern.
Therefore, it is necessary to carefully design the data structures inside a modern application. Unfortunately, in today’s development cycles for embedded systems, often there is not time for such an optimization. Developers tend to target the fast completion and debugging of the source code in order to quickly enter the market. As a result, they use existing solutions either in the form of template libraries or own implementations developed for other applications. These solutions are not customized for the particular application, which can lead to suboptimal performance.
This thesis addresses the optimization of dynamic data structures in dynamic applications, focusing on the customization of these structures to meet the exact needs of the application. The proposed approach is automatic and tested in a variety of application domains.Η επόμενη γενιά των ενσωματωμένων συστημάτων θα κυριαρχείται από κινητές, έξυπνες συσκευές, οι οποίες θα είναι ικανές να προσφέρουν ένα μεγάλος εύρος υπηρεσιών επικοινωνίας και πολυμέσων σε οποιοδήποτε σημείο βρίσκονται. Το σύνολο αυτών των συσκευών περιλαμβάνει συσκευές όπως, PDA, έξυπνα τηλέφωνα και κονσόλες βιντεοπαιχνιδιών. Από την άλλη μεριά, οι εφαρμογές που καλούνται τα εκτελέσουν τα ενσωματωμένα συστήματα γίνονται ολοένα πιο πολύπλοκες και δυναμικές. Εφαρμογές όπως η μετάδοση φωνής μέσω διαδικτύου (VoIP), η αναπαραγωγή βίντεο, η πρόσβαση στο διαδίκτυο, και η αναπαραγωγή τρισδιάστατων εφαρμογών, έχουν ως κοινό χαρακτηριστικό τις αυξημένες ανάγκες σε αποθήκευση και πρόσβαση δεδομένων. Για την αποδοτική εκτέλεση αυτών των εφαρμογών απαιτείται η βελτιστοποίηση των ενσωματωμένων συστημάτων, τόσο σε επίπεδο υλικού, όσο και σε επίπεδο πηγαίου κώδικα.
Στις δυναμικές εφαρμογές τα δεδομένα αποθηκεύονται σε συγκεκριμένες δομές που ονομάζονται δομές δεδομένων, δυναμικοί τύποι δεδομένων ή περιέχοντες τύποι, όπως πίνακες, λίστες, δέντρα και οι οποίες μπορούν να προσαρμόζονται στις ανάγκες των εφαρμογών. Οι δομές αυτές είναι υπεύθυνες για την οργάνωση των δεδομένων στη μνήμη αλλά και την εξυπηρέτηση των αναγκών των εφαρμογών κατά την ώρα εκτέλεσής τους. Τέτοιες ανάγκες αποτελούν οι λειτουργίες για την αποθήκευση, ανάγνωση ή μεταβολή των δεδομένων μιας δομής. Η υλοποίηση αυτών των λειτουργιών εξαρτάται από την εκάστοτε δομή και μπορεί να ευνοήσει συγκεκριμένες ακολουθίες πρόσβασης και αποθήκευσης δεδομένων. Κάθε δυναμικός τύπος δεδομένων σε μια εφαρμογή μπορεί να υλοποιηθεί ως πίνακας, ως λίστα ή ως δέντρο. Το γεγονός αυτό διευρύνει τις πιθανές επιλογές του σχεδιαστή, που πρέπει να εξεταστούν για να βρεθεί η βέλτιστη υλοποίηση, σύμφωνα με τις ανάγκες του.
Επιπλέον, η συμπεριφορά των μοντέρνων δυναμικών εφαρμογών εξαρτάται από τα δεδομένα εισόδου. Αυτό συχνά σημαίνει ότι ακολουθούνται πολλαπλά και διαφορετικά μονοπάτια εκτέλεσης της εφαρμογής, πράγμα που οδηγεί σε πολύπλοκη, δυναμική χρήση των δεδομένων, σύμφωνα με τη συμπεριφορά του χρήστη. Η υλοποίηση των δομών δεδομένων μιας εφαρμογής πρέπει να προσαρμόζεται στις εκάστοτε συνθήκες χρήσης των δυναμικών δεδομένων.
Επομένως, απαιτείται προσεκτικός σχεδιασμός πριν την τελική επιλογή της υλοποίησης των δυναμικών δομών σε μια εφαρμογή, κάτι το οποίο δεν αποτελεί κανόνα στο σημερινό τρόπο ανάπτυξης εφαρμογών στα ενσωματωμένα συστήματα. Συνήθως, οι σχεδιαστές λογισμικού έχουν ως στόχο την ολοκλήρωση του κώδικα σε μικρό χρονικό διάστημα, με αποτέλεσμα να βασίζονται σε έτοιμες λύσεις για την υλοποίηση των δομών δεδομένων, είτε με τη μορφή καθιερωμένων βιβλιοθηκών, είτε με τη μορφή δικών τους υλοποιήσεων που ανέπτυξαν για άλλες εφαρμογές. Οι λύσεις αυτές δεν είναι προσαρμοσμένες στην εκάστοτε εφαρμογή, γεγονός που μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε μη βέλτιστες επιδόσεις.
Η συγκεκριμένη διατριβή αντιμετωπίζει το πρόβλημα της βελτιστοποίησης δυναμικών δομών δεδομένων σε εφαρμογές ενσωματωμένων συστημάτων. Στόχος είναι η προσαρμογή της υλοποίησης των δομών στις εκάστοτε ανάγκες της εφαρμογής, καθώς και η αυτοματοποίηση της όλης διαδικασίας
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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