1,720,962 research outputs found
Animal husbandry at Arslantepe from the 5TH to the 1ST millennium BCE. An isotope approach
No full textThis study integrates isotopic analyses of 279 animal (domestic and wild) skeletal remains from the site of Arslantepe (Eastern Anatolia). The O, C and N isotopic analyses provide multiple information on husbandry strategies and on climatic variation from Late Chalcolithic to Iron Age (4700-712 BCE). Significantly, the study indicates that goats and sheep are the species that give the best information in terms of variation of climatic conditions. Pigs and cattle give complementary information mainly related to breading practices. This is because they are obliged drinkers, needing to be watered in the driest periods. Our analyses point out that, even when the climate was more arid, water sources were always present in the area. Cattle isotope values also indicate that fertilization of fields was already practiced during the Chalcolithic and that, in the period of stable occupation of the site, agriculture and stock farming were carried out in the same fields. This information, combined with the historical events and characters of the settlement in the different investigated periods, provide an invaluable and new point of view on the influence that political, social, and economic dynamics and organization had on the strategies of animal economy
A thousand-year history of land use in eastern Anatolia: the archaeobotanical research at Arslantepe
No full text
δ13C and δ15N from14C-AMS dated cereal grains reveal agricultural practices during 4300â2000 BC at Arslantepe (Turkey)
No full textIn semi-arid environments of the Near East water availability and soil fertility are limiting factors for crop growing
and land use is locally adjusted to environmental features. In the last decades stable carbon and nitrogen isotope
analyses on archaeobotanical cereal remains have been developed in order to reconstruct water and
nutrient sources for grain filling. Diachronic studies on isotope records from single archaeological sites may
help distinguish palaeoclimatic changes from human choices in agricultural practices, but they are actually
missing.
We have analysed 13C isotope discrimination (Δ13C) and N isotope composition (δ15N) on barley, emmer and
wheat 14C-AMS dated grains fromthe archaeological site of Arslantepe, Malatya (South-Eastern Turkey). Our intent
is to focus on the exceptionally long-term development of agricultural practices at the site from 4300 to
2000 BC.
Stable isotope values of cereals show temporal trends in water supplies and manure application. Irrigation was
provided to barley crops from 4300 to 3100 BC during the rise of centralised political organisation at the site.
Different locations of barley fields are suggested from 3100 to 2000 BC when domestic economies are attested.
In addition, the marked increase of barley δ15N values from 3350 to 3000 BC reveals manuring and/or cultivation
in pasturelands due to the deposition of animal urea and dung. Wheat could have been grown close to the site,
where irrigation water from natural springs was available. Emmer and wheat seem to have been cultivated in
the same areas or directly in the same fields. During 3000–2500 BC intercropping cultivation is inferred by low
δ15N values. The evidence of mixture crops confirms the increase of pasturelands during herders' occupations
and the concentration of crop fields possibly around the site
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
δ13C values in archaeological 14C-AMS dated charcoals: assessing mid-Holocene climate fluctuations and human response from a high-resolution isotope record (Arslantepe, Turkey)
No full textRationale: Past climate has always influenced human adaptation to the environment.
In order to reconstruct palaeoclimate fluctuations and their role in the evolution of Near
Eastern societies during the mid‐Holocene, high‐resolution Δ13C records from fossil
wood remains at the archaeoloical site of Arslantepe (eastern Turkey) have been
developed.
Methods: After chemical treatment, δ13C values were measured by sample
combustion flow using a FLASH EA‐CHNS instrument interfaced with a Delta V isotope
ratio mass spectrometer via a CONFLO III. Two replicates per sample were analysed.
The measurement precision was evaluated by propagating variations of the δ13C
values of samples and V‐PDB standards, whereas the accuracy was checked by a quality
control sample. To account for changes in atmospheric CO2, Δ13C values were
calculated. In addition, 14C/12C ratios were measured by means of an AMS system
(3 MV tandem accelerator).
Results: Mean Δ13C curves of deciduous Quercus and Juniperus from archaeological
levels between 4700 and 2000 BC (Arslantepe periods VIII‐VI D) were produced,
where the isotope values were ordered by the available Radiocarbon ages.
Interspecific variations of evergreen vs deciduous plants were postulated for the
juniper Δ13C values being higher than 3‰. The seasonal rainfall amount was recorded
by the juniper remains, while the water table levels were obtained from the oak samples
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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