1,720,966 research outputs found
The effect of angling to fish resources at Lake Burtnieks
No full textMakšķerēšana mūsdienās tiek uzskatīta par dominējošo zivju krājumu izmantošanas veidu lielā daļā saldūdeņu biotopu un vairumā industrializēti attīstīto piekrastes teritoriju, tomēr trūkst informācijas un datu, lai aktivitāti pilnībā novērtētu (Arlinghaus et al., 2002; Coleman et al., 2004; Cooke et.al., 2004). Komerciālajā zvejā izņemto zivju apjomi parasti ir lielāki nekā rekreācijas makšķerēšanā, tomēr makšķerēšanā izņemtais kopējais zivju apjoms atsevišķās vietās var sasniegt vai pat pārsniegt komerciālās zvejas apjomu (Cooke a et al., 2006; Arlinghaus et al., 2007). Augstas izmantošanas un zivju sugu selektivitātes dēļ makšķerēšana var atstāt būtisku ietekmi uz ūdens ekosistēmām un ekspluatētajām zivju sugām, ietekmējot dzimstību, mirstību, kā arī sugu dinamiku (Aas, 2008). Latvijā praktiski pētījumi tieši par makšķerēšanas ietekmēm uz zivju resursiem iekšējos ūdeņos līdz šim nav veikti. Maģistra darba mērķis ir novērtēt makšķernieku ietekmi uz zivju resursiem Burtnieka ezerā. Burtnieka ezers kā pētījuma vieta izvēlēta, jo tas ir iecienīts makšķernieku galamērķis, kā arī vienlaikus ezerā tiek veikta rūpnieciskā nozveja. Maģistra darba pētījuma daļas ietvaros četru mēnešu garumā, izmantojot aptauju metodi (Creel survey), Burtnieka ezera centra kanālā veiktas 385 makšķernieku aptaujas, to ietvaros arī praktiski makšķernieku lomā paturēto zivju mērījumi. Maģistra darba pētījums ietver vairākus rezultātus: 1) novērtēta makšķerēšanas slodze; 2) veikts salīdzinājums ar rūpnieciskās nozvejas datiem un atgriezto makšķerēšanas licenču datiem; 3) veikts vispārīgs Burtnieka ezera makšķernieku sabiedrības raksturojums; 4) sniegti ieteikumi par zivju resursu apsaimniekošanas iespējām Burtnieka ezerā. Darba kopējais apjoms ir 60 lappuses. Literatūras saraksts ietver 40 publicētos darbus, 8 nepublicētos avotus un interneta adreses.Recreational fishers has recently been considered as one of the dominant user groups over the fish resources (Arlinghaus et al., 2002; Coleman et al., 2004; Cooke et al., 2004). In total commercial fisheries has higher landing comparing to recreational fisheries. Nevertheless there exist case studies where recreational fisheries sector reach or even overcome commercial fisheries catches (Cooke a et al., 2006; Arlinghaus et al., 2007). Recreational fisheries can affect fish resources in several ways including direct mortality, selectivity etc. (Aas, 2008). In Latvia no recent studies have been made regarding recreational fisheries and its impact on inland fish resources. The master thesis aim to evaluate the impact of recreational fisheries on fish resources in Lake Burtnieks, Latvia. Lake Burtnieks was chosen as a study area due to its popularity among recreational anglers. A modified creel survey was used in order to evaluate angler impact on fish resources i.e. the total hours spent on the lake while angling, total landing, target fish species. In total 385 face to face surveys were filled during 4 months period. The study includes several results and discussion points: 1) estimation of angling pressure on Lake Burtnieks; 2) analysis of commercial fisheries and returned log-books; 3) a description of recreational anglers in Lake Burtnieks; 4) and recommendations of possible management practices. The total length of the work includes 60 pages. The reference list includes 40 scientific publications, 8 grey materials, internet sources and unpublished data
Contractual Penalties amount Regulation
No full textTiek izdalīti vairāki saistību tiesību pastiprināšanas veidi, kurus varētu iedalīt – saistību tiesību pastiprinājumi, kas piemērojami līgumiem uz likuma pamata un saistību pastiprinājumi, kurus likumdevējs ir atstājis līgumslēdzēju pušu brīvā ziņā. Pie pēdējiem pieder rokas nauda, līgumsods, galvojums un ķīla. Līgumu pārkāpšana mūsdienās ir ļoti izplatīta prakse un ne velti likumdevējs ir noteicis attiecīgas sankcijas naudas vai citu sodu veidā, tādā kārtā pamudinot personas, kas uzņēmušās saistības, tās pienācīgi izpildīt.
Līgumsodu var pievienot katram līgumam, līdz ar to līgumsods ir akcesora saistība un tas nav atraujams no līgumiskās saistības un to jebkuram līgumam var pievienot gan līguma slēgšanas procesā, gan pēc līguma noslēgšanas.
Līgumsoda apmēru noteic līdzēji, un tas nav aprobežots ar zaudējumu lielumu, kādi paredzami no līguma neizpildīšanas, izriet, ka līgumsoda noteikšanā nepastāv ierobežojumi ne attiecībā uz tā apmēru, ne arī noteikšanas metodēm, tas var tikt noteikts, gan konkrētā summā, gan procentos, gan vienlaicīgi – konkrētā summā un procentos. No minētā panta secināms arī, ka līgumsods nav samērojams ar zaudējumiem, līdz ar to pastāv iespēja, ka līgumsods var pārsniegt zaudējumus vai arī zaudējumi var pat nepastāvēt, taču pienākums maksāt līgumsodu pastāvēs. Ir nepieciešams pastāvošo līgumsoda regulējumu papildināt ar normām, kas ierobežotu pārmērīgu līgumsodu piedziņu, taču saglabātu līgumsoda institūta jēgu un mērķus.There ar several ways to strengthen contract law, they can rise from law or contract, the last is left in the contracts partys view and they are deposit, contractual penalty, guarantee and performance bond. The breach of contracts is very common in nowdays and the legislator have defined steps which an innocent party may take if the other party breaks the contract, to encourage partys to avoid breaches of contracts.
Contractual penalty can be added to any contract and it can not be devided from contract. Contractual penalty can be added to contract at any time – at contract closal or after.
The amount of contractual penalty defines the partys and it is not limited with damages that can rise form breach of contract, there are no restrictions to contractual penalty, no restrictions in the methods or amount. As the contractual penalty is not limited with damages, there can be situations when contractual penalty extends the damages or there are no damages at all, however the liability to pay contractual penalty exists. It is necessary to add specific regulation to existing norms of contractual penalty to exclude the excessive contractual penalty, however saving contractual penaltys meaning and objectives
Modeling of traffic flow speed fluctuatuions and structural variations in street canyons along Valdemara street
No full textBakalaura darba ietvaros pētīta autotransporta radītā atmosfēras piesārņojuma izplatība Rīgā, Valdemāra ielas kanjonā. Kā indikators ietekmes novērtēšanai izmantotas slāpekļa dioksīda koncentrācijas, kuras cieši korelē ar transporta līdzekļu plūsmas intensitāti; bez tam regulāri tiek pārsniegti slāpekļa dioksīdam noteiktie stundas un gada normatīvi. Piesārņojuma izplatība novērtēta izmantojot matemātisko modelis OSPM, kurš speciāli izstrādāts transporta radītā piesārņojuma dispersijai un raksturošanai. Darbā aprakstīta transporta plūsmas dinamika dažādiem dienu profiliem un izveidota datu bāze modelēšanai, raksturota piesārņojuma problemātika ielu kanjonos, modelēšanas ceļā novērtēta apbūves ietekme uz piesārņojuma izkliedi, kā arī pētīta kustības ātruma ierobežojumu ieviešanas lietderība ar mērķi samazināt atmosfēras piesārņojumu.
Darba apjoms ir 66 lapas, tas satur 21 attēlu. 10 tabulas 7 pielikumus, izmantoti 55 literatūras avotiThe bachelor’s thesis focuses on atmospheric contamination caused by road transportation in Riga, canyon of Valdemara street. To assess the influence, the nitrogen dioxide concentration is used as an indicator, which closely correlates with the intensity of transport flow. Moreover, hourly and annual regulations set for nitrogen dioxide are regularly exceeded. Spread of contamination is assessed using mathematical model OSPM which is specially developed for characterization and dispersion of contamination caused by road transportation. Study describes the dynamics of transport flow of different day profiles and data base for modeling has been made, also the problematic of contamination of street canyons is portrayed. Modeling is used to assess the influence of buildings on dispersion of contamination, as well as utility of inventing speed limits which aims to decrease the atmospheric contamination is studied.
The Bachelor Thesis Project consists of 66 pages, 21 pictures, 10 table, 7 appendix, 55 literatures sources are used
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Agricultural and Forestry Policies in Achieving Environmental Goals Through Policy Documents
No full textTo achieve the climate targets set by 2030 and become climate neutral by 2050, each Member State must develop a National Energy and Climate Plan (hereinafter NECP) containing practical and effective measures to achieve the targets. The research sought a connection between the measures or action lines in the Latvian NECP related to agriculture and forestry, the European Green Deal goals and related strategies. The effectiveness of the agricultural and forestry measures defined in the Latvian NECP was evaluated by defining appropriate indicators, an expert survey and a composite sustainability index. The results show that the effectiveness of agricultural and forestry measures is most influenced by quality, financing, and specificity factors. The lowest-scoring measures were specific measures whose impacts cannot be measured and are not explicitly mentioned in the European Green Deal. Therefore, the description of the measures should be more detailed, with specific activities, indicators to be achieved, and amounts and funding sources planned for each activity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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