75,124 research outputs found
Immunohistochemistry in the pathologic diagnosis and management of thyroid neoplasms
No full textThe use of immunohistochemistry cannot be underestimated in the everyday practice of thyroid pathology. It has evolved over the years beyond the traditional confirmation of thyroid origin to molecular profiling and the prediction of clinical behavior. In addition, immunohistochemistry has served to implement changes in the current thyroid tumor classification scheme. It is prudent to perform a panel of immunostains, and the immunoprofile should be interpreted in light of the cytologic and architectural features. Immunohistochemistry can also be easily performed in the limited cellularity specimen preparation generated from thyroid fine-needle aspiration and core biopsy; however, it will require laboratory validation of immunostains specific to these preparations to avoid diagnostic pitfalls. This review discusses the application of immunohistochemistry in thyroid pathology with a focus on limited cellularity preparations
Molecular Tests for Risk-Stratifying Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: An Overview of Commercially Available Testing Platforms in the United States
No full textThe past decade has witnessed significant advances in the application of molecular diagnostics for the pre-operative risk-stratification of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. The tests that are currently marketed in the United States for this purpose combine aspects of tumor genotyping with gene and/or microRNA expression profiling. This review compares the general methodology and clinical validation studies for the three tests currently offered in the United States: ThyroSeq v3, Afirma GSC and Xpression Atlas, and ThyGeNEXT/ThyraMIR
How Baloch Women Make Decisions About the Risks Associated With Different Childbirth Settings in Southeast Iran
No full textBackground: In Zahedan City in Southeast Iran, some women prefer to give birth at home despite the availability of the equipped hospitals and expert advice that hospital births are safer.
Objectives: This study explains how Baloch women make decisions regarding the risks associated with childbirth at home versus a hospital. This study identifies and defines the factors that influence the choice of the place of delivery by Baloch women.
Materials and Methods: The article draws on data from a grounded theory. In particular, on in-depth interviews with 25 Baloch women, 21 of whom had planned home births and 4 planned hospital births in their most recent childbirth.
Results: Six categories emerged from the data as follows: 1) deliberation and risk assessment; 2) obstacles to hospital births; 3) preference for hospital births; 4) obstacles to homebirth; 5) preference for homebirth; and 6) risk management. The core category was deliberation and risk assessment. Our interviews showed that Baloch woman weighed the negative and positive aspects of each option when deciding on a childbirth setting. In this process, their assessment of risk included physical wellbeing and social-cultural values. Furthermore, their assessment of risk can, in some circumstances, result in delays or avoidance of having hospital childbirth.
Conclusions: Managers and service providers need to know an ordinary woman’s perception of risk to address the gap between current and desired childbirth services and encourage women to use current hospital services
Case Study of the Baloch National Liberation Movement in Pakistan
No full textCelem artykułu jest przedstawienie powodów powstania oraz rozwoju ruchu narodowowyzwoleńczego w Beludżystanie. W opracowaniu na podstawie analizy dostępnych materiałów źródłowych oraz literatury przedmiotu udzielono odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: dlaczego rząd centralny próbował narzucić obowiązek utożsamiania się z Pakistanem? Dlaczego powstał Beludżystański Ruch Narodowy, Front Wyzwolenia Beludżystanu oraz Armia Wyzwoleńcza? Jakie oczekiwania wobec władz Pakistanu mają Beludżowie? W opracowaniu została zastosowana analiza literatury, dostępnych materiałów źródłowych, wypowiedzi założyciela Pakistanu, co pozwoliło na ustalenie faktów i chronologiczne przedstawienie procesu powstawania Beludżystańskiego Ruchu Wyzwoleńczego. Oprócz analizy jako metoda badawcza została wykorzystana synteza, która pozwoliła na sformułowanie wniosków. Problemem w rozważaniach na temat Beludżystanu jest dostęp do materiałów źródłowych – utrudniony nawet dla naukowców w Pakistanie. Granice prowincji można przekroczyć jedynie za zgodą tamtejszych władz, na zaproszenie lokalnego mieszkańca oraz wyłącznie z ochroną zapewnianą przez wojsko. Badania nad tą tematyką są istotne dla rozważań nad stabilnością Islamskiej Republiki Pakistanu, będą także płaszczyzną do dalszych badań nad Beludżystanem.The paper aims to analyze the development of national and liberation organizations in Baluchistan. The author attempts to answer the following questions: Why had pakistanyiat become obligatory to all people wanting to live in Pakistan? What were the reasons behind the formation of the Baluchistan National Movement, the Baloch Liberation Front, and the Liberation Army? What does the Baloch society expect from the authorities? The study was based on a critical review of the literature and other available and valuable sources such as Jinnah’s speeches. Another method used in the study was a synthesis that allowed the author to form conclusions. Studying Baluchistan means limited access to sources and materials since traveling to the land of Baluchistan is restricted by specific rules, and one can only visit the place under certain circumstances. Research on Baluchistan is relevant for studies of national liberation movements and current internal conflicts
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
Final word on Jersey Dutch
No full textIn this article, William Z. Shetter compares and contrasts the dialects that developed between different Dutch colonies in the New World. He explores in-depth the nuances of Jersey Dutch, and provides theories to explain how Dutch and colonial languages blended. The article is reprinted from American Speech, December 1958, Volum XXXIII, No. 4
UbcH10 is useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of human neoplasms
No full textThe UbcH10 gene belongs to the E2 gene family and encodes for a 19.6 kDa protein involved in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The hybridization of an Affymetrix HG_U95Av2 microarray led us to highlight that this gene is up-regulated by 150 fold in all of the thyroid carcinoma cell lines in comparison to a primary cell culture of normal thyroid origin. To assess the role of UbcH10 in cancer progression, we analyzed its expression and its clinical/pathological relevance in breast and thyroid carcinomas and in lymphoproliferative diseases. In these tumor types, analysis of UbcH10 expression was performed on both cell lines and clinical samples by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The effect of UbcH10 protein suppression by RNA interference was also evaluated in different tumor cell lines. Consistent data were derived from all tumor types. Deregulated UbcH10 expression was clearly associated to a highly malignant phenotype. Implications were both diagnostic and prognostic: UbcH10 specifically associated with the breast tumors more aggressive expressing ErbB2; UbcH10 specifically marked high grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas; high UbcH10 expression increased the suspicion of malignancy on preoperative thyroid biopsies. In several cell lines suppression of UbcH10 expression affected the neoplastic cell growth potential. All together our results indicate that UbcH10 is a marker of aggressive neoplastic behavior. Assessing its expression on clinical samples may contribute to both cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, the suppression of its function is to be evaluated as a potential therapeutic tool
Nickel-cobalt bimetallic sulfide NiCo2S4nanostructures for a robust hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic media
No full textThere are many challenges associated with the fabrication of efficient, inexpensive, durable and very stable nonprecious metal catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this study, we have designed a facile strategy by tailoring the concentration of precursors to successfully obtain nickel-cobalt bimetallic sulfide (NiCo2S4) using a simple hydrothermal method. The morphology of the newly prepared NiCo2S4comprised a mixture of microparticles and nanorods, which were few microns in dimension. The crystallinity of the composite sample was found to be excellent with a cubic phase. The sample that contained a higher amount of cobalt compared to nickel and produced single-phase NiCo2S4exhibited considerably improved HER performance. The variation in the salt precursor concentration during the synthesis of a material is a simple methodology to produce a scalable platinum-free catalyst for HER. The advantageous features of the multiple active sites of cobalt in the CN-21 sample as compared to that for pristine CoS and NiS laid the foundation for the provision of abundant active edges for HER. The composite sample produced a current density of 10 mA cm−2at an overpotential of 345 mV. Also, it exhibited a Tafel value of 60 mV dec−1, which predominantly ensured rapid charge transfer kinetics during HER. CN-21 was highly durable and stable for 30 hours. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the charge transfer resistance was 21.88 ohms, which further validated the HER polarization curves and Tafel results. CN-21 exhibited a double layer capacitance of 4.69 μF cm−2and a significant electrochemically active surface area of 134.0 cm2, which again supported the robust efficiency for HER. The obtained results reveal that our developed NiCo2S4catalyst has a high density of active edges, and it is a non-noble metal catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The present findings provide an alternative strategy and an active nonprecious material for the development of energy-related applications
Veiksniai, turintys įtakos Z kartos vartotojų ketinimams pirkti ekologišką kosmetiką internetu.
No full textThe thesis explores the factors of Generation Z consumers’ purchase intentions towards buying environmentally friendly cosmetics on the internet. It investigates the role of gender, age, level of awareness, perceived value, and trust in shaping preferences of Generation Z consumers for green cosmetic products, which are available in online marketplaces. This study combines surveys and statistical analyses, consisting of a quantitative research method which includes one survey to gain insights into the behavior and preferences of Generation Z consumers. The sample consisted of 384 people, which include 225 females, 57 males, and 102 respondents in the others’ category, who showed their awareness, perceived value, trust, and cosmetic online purchasing behavior. Also, this research examines these variables by comparing responses given by male and female members and different age groups of Generation Z. It draws attention to the disparity in the knowledge of green cosmetics among Z-generation women. The female respondents show awareness levels consistently higher than their male counterparts. It is important to note that among people who belong to Generation Z there is a higher awareness of the environment. Thus, they tend to prefer green cosmetics. The article examines the connection between gender, perceived value, and trust towards friendly cosmetics among Gen Z consumers. It shows that factors apart from gender figure out what the products stand for and why people trust them. The age of Generation Z influences their purchasing behavior regarding green cosmetics. The intentions of Generation Z shoppers to buy cosmetics online are affected by trust in brands. The brands targeting this audience should look to build and communicate trust-based plans
Clinicopathological Profile and Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Tuberculosis: A Single Centre Experience in Northwestern Tanzania.
No full textAbdominal tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem worldwide and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to general surgeons practicing in resource-limited countries. This study was conducted to describe the clinicopathological profile and outcome of surgical treatment of abdominal tuberculosis in our setting and compare with what is described in literature. A prospective descriptive study of patients who presented with abdominal tuberculosis was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in northwestern Tanzania from January 2006 to February 2012. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from relevant authorities. Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0. Out of 256 patients enrolled in the study, males outnumbered females. The median age was 28 years (range = 16-68 years). The majority of patients (77.3%) had primary abdominal tuberculosis. A total of 127 (49.6%) patients presented with intestinal obstruction, 106 (41.4%) with peritonitis, 17 (6.6%) with abdominal masses and 6 (2.3%) patients with multiple fistulae in ano. Forty-eight (18.8%) patients were HIV positive. A total of 212 (82.8%) patients underwent surgical treatment for abdominal tuberculosis. Bands /adhesions (58.5%) were the most common operative findings. Ileo-caecal region was the most common bowel involved in 122 (57.5%) patients. Release of adhesions and bands was the most frequent surgical procedure performed in 58.5% of cases. Complication and mortality rates were 29.7% and 18.8% respectively. The overall median length of hospital stay was 32 days and was significantly longer in patients with complications (p < 0.001). Advanced age (age ≥ 65 years), co-morbid illness, late presentation, HIV positivity and CD4+ count < 200 cells/μl were statistically significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.0001). The follow up of patients were generally poor as only 37.5% of patients were available for follow up at twelve months after discharge. Abdominal tuberculosis constitutes a major public health problem in our environment and presents a diagnostic challenge requiring a high index of clinical suspicion. Early diagnosis, early anti-tuberculous therapy and surgical treatment of the associated complications are essential for survival
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