196,555 research outputs found
Molecular Tests for Risk-Stratifying Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: An Overview of Commercially Available Testing Platforms in the United States
No full textThe past decade has witnessed significant advances in the application of molecular diagnostics for the pre-operative risk-stratification of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. The tests that are currently marketed in the United States for this purpose combine aspects of tumor genotyping with gene and/or microRNA expression profiling. This review compares the general methodology and clinical validation studies for the three tests currently offered in the United States: ThyroSeq v3, Afirma GSC and Xpression Atlas, and ThyGeNEXT/ThyraMIR
How Baloch Women Make Decisions About the Risks Associated With Different Childbirth Settings in Southeast Iran
No full textBackground: In Zahedan City in Southeast Iran, some women prefer to give birth at home despite the availability of the equipped hospitals and expert advice that hospital births are safer.
Objectives: This study explains how Baloch women make decisions regarding the risks associated with childbirth at home versus a hospital. This study identifies and defines the factors that influence the choice of the place of delivery by Baloch women.
Materials and Methods: The article draws on data from a grounded theory. In particular, on in-depth interviews with 25 Baloch women, 21 of whom had planned home births and 4 planned hospital births in their most recent childbirth.
Results: Six categories emerged from the data as follows: 1) deliberation and risk assessment; 2) obstacles to hospital births; 3) preference for hospital births; 4) obstacles to homebirth; 5) preference for homebirth; and 6) risk management. The core category was deliberation and risk assessment. Our interviews showed that Baloch woman weighed the negative and positive aspects of each option when deciding on a childbirth setting. In this process, their assessment of risk included physical wellbeing and social-cultural values. Furthermore, their assessment of risk can, in some circumstances, result in delays or avoidance of having hospital childbirth.
Conclusions: Managers and service providers need to know an ordinary woman’s perception of risk to address the gap between current and desired childbirth services and encourage women to use current hospital services
Photobiont associationand geneticdiversityof the optionally lichenized fungusSchizoxylonalbescens
No full textThe fungus Schizoxylon albescens occurs both as lichen and as saprobe. Lichenized colonies grow on the bark of Populus tremula; saprotrophic morphs grow on dead Populus branches. We wanted to (1) test whether lichenized and saprotrophic S. albescens are genetically distinct, (2) investigate photobiont association and diversity, (3) investigate the interactions between fungi and algae that occur during co-cultivation and (4) test whether Schizoxylon shows algal selectivity during lichenization. Fungal and algal genetic diversity were investigated for three markers. Algae from lichenized thalli were isolated in axenic cultures, and isolate sequence diversity was compared with algae amplified directly from thallus fragments. Co-culture experiments of fungi and algae were performed to study the morphological interaction patterns. Two distinct phylogenetic units are revealed in S. albescens, which are interpreted as phenotypically cryptic species. The algae are related to Coccomyxa and Pseudococcomyxa, and form two distinct sister clades separating samples isolated in cultures from those amplified directly from thallus fragments, indicating that more easily cultured strains of algae are not necessarily major components of the lichens. Schizoxylon albescens interacts with isolated algal strains, similar to fungal–Coccomyxa symbioses in nature. As the system is maintained without difficulty in culture, it can potentially be an easily controlled lichen symbiosis study system under laboratory conditions
Perineal healing following abdominoperineal excision for rectal and anal cancer
No full textAbdominoperineal rectal excision (APE) may be indicated for distal rectal cancer and anal cancer patients. For many patients the extralevator APE (ELAPE) technique in which a larger part of the pelvic floor is removed is commonly used currently. Most patients in whom an APE is performed have received radiotherapy (RT) preoperatively. Perineal healing disorders after APE occur with high frequency and various techniques and measures may be attempted to improve healing rates. Healing disorders create problems for patients and health care systems, but less is known on the possible oncological impact.Paper I aimed to evaluate perineal healing following ELAPE in patients with perineal reconstruction using a biological mesh. A retrospective single center study of 88 consecutive ELAPE patients between 2011 and 2015 was performed. Three different types of biological mesh were used for perineal reconstruction. 97% of patients had received radiotherapy and 62% had an omentoplasty. Healing rates of 66% and 92% at 3 and 12 months, respectively, were observed. No association was found between examined variables and healing rate at 3 months. Biological mesh for perineal reconstruction following ELAPE is considered feasible and safe.Paper II aimed to evaluate whether simultaneous perineal reconstruction and parastomal reinforcement with the biological mesh Strattice™ after ELAPE could prevent hernia formation. In a prospective multicenter design, 19 patients were recruited between July 2013 and August 2014. Patients were assessed for perineal and parastomal wound healing on postoperative day 7 and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. CT and/or dynamic MRI at one year was used to detect perineal hernia and CT for parastomal hernia. Three parastomal and no perineal hernias were detected. At one year all perineal and parastomal wounds were healed.The objective of Paper III was to evaluate perineal healing in relation to ERAS compliance, type of resection and method of perineal reconstruction in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) after salvage surgery. Between 2005 and 2015, 101 patients (67 women), in the Stockholm-Gotland region were included. Surgery was performed at two hospitals and ERAS compliance was 71%. 58 patients underwent APE and 43 pelvic exenteration. Perineal reconstruction was by primary closure (39 patients), gluteal myocutaneus flap (31 patients) and vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneou flap (31 patients). Healing at 3 months was achieved in 61 patients and was significantly associated with age and type of perineal reconstruction. At one year, 84 of 89 surviving patients had a healed perineal wound.In Paper IV, the cohort from Paper III was examined with respect to impact of perineal healing on survival. Following exclusion, 95 patients constituted the study cohort. Healing status at 90 days postoperatively was used as a landmark. R0 was achieved in 93% and overall survival (OS) at 5 years was 61%. In the univariable analysis, an unhealed wound at landmark date was significantly associated with OS and recurrence free survival (RFS) showed a similar relationship (p=0.054, log rank). However, in the multivariable analyses only non-significant trends were indicated.List of scientific papersI. Baloch N, Nilsson PJ, Nordenvall C, Abraham-Nordling M. Perineal wound closure using biological mesh following extra-levator abdominoperineal excision. Digestive Surgery. 2019; 36(4): 281-288. https://doi.org/10.1159/000489134 II. Aslam MI, Baloch N, Mann C, Nilsson PJ, Maina P, Chaudri S, Singh B. Simultaneous stoma reinforcement and perineal reconstruction with biological mesh – a multicenter prospective observational study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2018; 38: 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2018.12.006 III. Baloch N, Nordenvall C, Johansson H, Nygren J, Nilsson PJ. Perineal healing following salvage surgery for anal cancer. Colorectal Disease. 2021; 23(5): 1102-1108. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.15496 IV. Baloch N, Nygren J, Nordenvall C, Abraham-Nordling M, Lagerbäck C, Mikael Machado, Nilsson PJ. Impact of perineal healing on oncological outcome following surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. [Manuscript]</p
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Financial crisis of 2008 and outward foreign investments from China and India
No full textWe show that outward investment by Chinese firms with resource and asset seeking motives and Indian firms with market-seeking motives diverged after the financial crisis of 2008, due to different motives and the underlying financing structure of their outward investments. Indian firms faced export market contraction externally and cut back on outward investments as sales revenues shrank. In contrast, Chinese firms that relied on debt finance to seek out international assets expanded investment as investment targets became cheaper and the reliance on leverage inured Chinese firms to the fluctuations of stock markets and other financial implications of the crisis
Symbioses of lichen-forming fungi with Trentepohlialean algae
No full textTrentepohliaceae are a distinct lineage of green algae frequently found in associations with lichen-forming fungi. We review the current knowledge about the phenotypic diversity of this group of algae which is complemented by currently available molecular data. These data do not confirm the traditional classification of the genera based on morphological inferences. We also present more specific data on the association patterns of epiphyllous representatives in tropical rain forests. Leaf-colonizing Porina species associate specifically with Phycopeltis algae of characteristic growth types. The analysis of partial rbcL sequences of the algal partners suggests that morphologically similar growth types are genetically highly diverse and may represent different species. The fungal species may switch among morphologically similar but genetically distinct algal lineages. This strategy could promote rapid colonization of the ephemeral leaf habitats. Bark-inhabiting lichens of temperate habitats seem to represent a few known morphological species of Trentepohliales, whereas tropical bark lineages seem to be more diverse. Even though Trentepohliales are pending a modern revision before precise figures can be given, their diversity appears to be much higher than thought befor
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
- …
