1,721,646 research outputs found
Dynamiques récentes des paysages végétaux en domaine soudano-sahélien. L'exemple de la moyenne vallée du Yamé (Ounjoungou, Pays Dogon, Mali) (Recent dynamics of the vegetation landscapes in the Sudano-Sahelian zone : the Middle Yamé River valley, Ounjoungou, Dogon Country, Mali)
No full textThe middle Yame Valley in the Dogon Country (Mali) is located in the Sahelo-Sudanian zone on the Plateau of Bandiagara. The current landscapes are park-savannas revealing of old and close relations between practices, culture, and traditions of the Dogon people and their natural environment. They are the results from both ancient and modern heritage. Recent socio-economic changes, especially a gradual intensification of agriculture, leading to changes in the physiognomy of the landscape. The question of their cultural and patrimonial significance and their management is discussed.La moyenne vallée du Yamé, en Pays dogon (Mali) est située en zone soudano-sahélienne sur le Plateau de Bandiagara. Les paysages actuels correspondent à des savanes-parcs arborées, manifestation des relations entre les pratiques et la culture des populations dogon et leur environnement naturel. Ils résultent d'héritages à la fois anciens et récents. Les changements socio-économiques, en particulier une intensification progressive de l'agriculture, entraînent des modifications importantes de la physionomie des paysages. La question de leur valeur patrimoniale et de leur gestion est posée.Le Drezen Yann, Ballouche Aziz. Dynamiques récentes des paysages végétaux en domaine soudano-sahélien. L'exemple de la moyenne vallée du Yamé (Ounjoungou, Pays Dogon, Mali) (Recent dynamics of the vegetation landscapes in the Sudano-Sahelian zone : the Middle Yamé River valley, Ounjoungou, Dogon Country, Mali). In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, 86e année, 2009-1 ( mars). Paysages au fil de l'eau/ Le patrimoine géomorphologique. pp. 46-65
Temporalities of a Sudanese geosystem. : Geomorphology and sedimentary records of the Bao Bolon middle valley (Region of Wanar, World Heritage site, Senegal).
No full textL’étude porte sur la moyenne vallée du Bao Bolon, en domaine soudanien au Sénégal, afin d’en reconstituer l’évolution de l’environnement à différentes échelles de temps. La région est marquée par la présence humaine depuis au moins deux millénaires, comme en témoigne le site mégalithique de Wanar, inscrit au Patrimoine Mondial. Dans la deuxième moitié du XX° siècle, l’environnement local a connu des bouleversements majeurs en lien avec l’intensification agricole du bassin arachidier et la grande sécheresse au Sahel. Dans un premier temps, une analyse détaillée des formes et des dynamiques géomorphologiques de la région est réalisée, et met en lumière les étapes-clefs de la genèse des paysages actuels. Dans un second temps, les archives sédimentaires du Bao Bolon et de ses marigots affluents sont étudiées, en particulier celui du Khourdont le bassin versant draine la zone du site mégalithique de Wanar. Les nombreux profils étudiés (carottages, coupes, transects) dévoilent une richesse et une cohérence des enregistrements sédimentaires fluviatiles à l’échelle de l’Holocène, rares en Afrique de L’Ouest. L’approche se veut multi-proxy et associe relevés de terrain et analyses de laboratoire (granulométrie laser, morphoscopie des grains de quartz, analyses de carbone, palynofaciès, diatomées, géochimie). La combinaison de l’étude géomorphologique et des enregistrements sédimentaires permet de reconstituer différentes étapes de l’évolution de la moyenne vallée du Bao Bolon au cours de l’Holocène, sous l’influence des paramètres climatiques et anthropiques.The study focuses on the middle valley of the Bao Bolon River, in Sudanian domain in Senegal, in order to reconstruct the evolution of the environment at different time scales. The region is characterized by human presence for at least two millennia, as evidenced by the megalithic World Heritage Site of Wanar. In the second half of the 20th century, the local environment experienced major upheavals linked with the agricultural intensification of the groundnut basin and the great Sahelian drought. First, a detailed analysis of the geomorphological forms and dynamics of the region is carried out, and highlights the key stages of the genesis of current landscapes. Secondly, the sedimentary archives of Bao Bolon and its tributaries are studied, in particular those of the Khour, whose watershed drains the area of the megalithic site of Wanar. The numerous profiles studied (cores, sections, transects) reveal a richness and consistency of fluvial sedimentary records at the Holocene scale, rare in West Africa. The approach is intended to be multi-proxy and associates field surveys and laboratory analyzes (laser grain size, morphoscopy of quartz grains, carbon analyzes, palynofacies, diatoms, geochemistry). The combination of geomorphological study and sedimentary records allows reconstructing different stages of the evolution of the middle Bao Bolon valley during the Holocene, under the influence of climatic and anthropogenic parameters
Natural Risks and Sustainable Development : From constraints to opportunities. : a case study of flood and underground cavities risks in Saumurois
No full textLa Communauté d’Agglomération de Saumur est un territoire soumis à plusieurs aléas naturels, dont les inondations par la Loire et le Thouet, ainsi que les mouvements de terrain liés aux coteaux et aux cavités souterraines. Ces aléas peuvent générer des risques et constituent des contraintes au regard des politiques locales publiques qui les vivent comme des entraves au bon développement du territoire ainsi que des obligations supplémentaires en termes de règlementation et d’information auprès des habitants. Pourtant, en décalant le regard et en adoptant la vision globale, pluridisciplinaire, anticipative, intergénérationnelle, du développement durable, ces aléas peuvent aussi être sources de richesses, et leur prise en compte, sources d’opportunités. Les richesses intrinsèques sont liées à la valeur patrimoniale des espèces, des habitats, des espaces, de l’histoire, de l’identité territoriale, des paysages, valeur reconnue notamment par le label de l’Unesco. On peut aussi parler de richesses et de plus-value liées à la sécurisation du territoire, de ses habitants, de ses activités et de ses biens, grâce à la mise en place de politiques locales de prévention et de gestion des risques, ainsi que des innovations techniques et institutionnelles pour des politiques de développement intégrées et de gouvernance territoriale.The Saumur Communauté d'Agglomération is a territory subjected to several natural hazards such as floods by the Loire river or the Thouet river as well as ground movements due to hillsides and underground cavities.These natural hazards can generate risks and constitute constraints with regard to local public policies which consider them as obstacles to the proper development of the territory and as additional obligations in terms of regulations and information of the people. Nevertheless, by taking a different look and by adopting the global, cross-disciplinary, anticipatory, cross generational vision from sustainable development, these hazards can also be source of wealth and, if taken into account, source of opportunities. This intrinsic wealth is embedded in the patrimonial value of species, habitats, spaces, history, territorial identity and landscapes - value that has been acknowledged by UNESCO. This wealth also comes from realised gains from securitisation of the territory, its inhabitants, activities and goods made possible thanks to implementation of local preventive policies and risk management policies as well as technical and institutional innovations, more integrated development policies and territorial governance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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