1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Total synthesis of (+)-Madangamine D
Full text linkMadangamines are a small group of marine alkaloids isolated from sponges of the order Haplosclerida collected by hand using scuba on reefs off Madang, Papua New Guinea.
Madangamine A show significant in vitro cytotoxicity against murine leukemia (P388), human lung (A549), brain (U373) and breast (MCF-7). However, no bioactivity data have been reported for madangamines B-E, and further pharmacological research on this alkaloid group has been prevented by the minute amount of alkaloid samples. We present herein the enantioselective synthesis of (+)-madangamine D, which represents the first total synthesis of an alkaloid of the madangamine group.
Using a phenylglycinol-derived bicyclic lactam as the starting enantiomeric scaffold we were able to control the stereochemistry of all three contiguous stereogenic centers on the BC ring system, while A ring was formed through a stereocontrolled cascade aminohydroxylation reaction, in which an “in situ generated” amine attacks an epoxide ring. This strategy provides a direct route to the diazatricyclic ABC core common to all madangamines, with the appropriate functionalization to allow the subsequent building of the macrocyclic D and E rings of these alkaloids.
The saturated 14-membered D ring of madangamine D, leading to the tetracyclic ABCD system was efficiently constructed using a ring-closing metathesis reaction followed by a catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting double bond. The (Z,Z)-unsaturated 11-membered E ring, required to complete the synthesis of madangamine D was successfully assembled in a straightforward manner using a Z-stereoselective Wittig reaction followed by an intramolecular macrolactamization.
Madangamine D showed significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against human colon HT29 (GI50 4.4 µg/mL) and pancreas PSN1 (GI50 7.4 µg/mL) cancer cell lines, but was inactive against lung NSCLC A549 and breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines at the highest assayed concentration (10 µg/mL).Las esponjas del orden Haplosclerida representan una importante fuente de alcaloides estructuralmente diversos pero biogenéticamente relacionados, siendo las madangaminas uno de los menos estudiados desde el punto de vista sintético. En 1994 fue aislada el primer alcaloide de este grupo, la Madangamina A de la esponja marina Xestospongia ingens1 y unos años más tarde se aislaron cuatro nuevos alcaloides, las madangaminas BE.2 Estructuralmente, las madangamines son alcaloides pentacíclicos y se caracterizan por presentar un núcleo diazatricíclico (anillos ABC) y dos puentes de carbonados. El anillo macrocíclico D es diferente en cada madangamina en tamaño, así como en el grado y la posición de insaturación, mientras que el anillo E es idéntico en todas ellas.
En la presente Tesis Doctoral presentamos la síntesis enantioselectiva de ()-madangamine D,3 que ofrece por primera vez una muestra pura de este producto natural y constituye la primera síntesis total de un alcaloide de la grupo de las madangamines. Usando de una lactama bicíclica derivada del fenilglicinol como el scafold enantiomérico de partida, nuestro enfoque consiste en la construcción inicial del núcleo diazatricíclico ABC y la posterior construcción de los anillos macrocíclicos D y E.
La lactama de partida 2 es fácilmente accesible por ciclocondensación de oxoester 1 con el (R)-fenilglicinol, en un proceso en donde se instala el primer estereocentro. El intermedio diazatríclico se prepara a partir de una lactama insaturada derivada de 2. En este proceso son claves una reacción de adición conjugada estereoselectiva, el cierre del anillo carbocíclico mediante metátesis, una alquilación estereoselectiva y finalmente cierre del anillo A por aminohidroxilación. La anulación de los anillos macrocíclicos se lleva a cabo mediante una reacción de cierre del anillo por metátesis (anillo D) y una olefinación de Wittig seguida de macrolactamización (anillo E). Los datos de RMN de 1H y 13C de nuestra madangamina sintética fueron coincidentes con los reportados para el producto natural. La madangamina D sintética muestra citotoxicidad in vitro contra las líneas celulares de cáncer HT29 de colon humano y PSN1 páncreas
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Total synthesis of (+)-Madangamine D (Tesi)
No full text[spa] Las esponjas del orden Haplosclerida representan una importante fuente de alcaloides estructuralmente diversos pero biogenéticamente relacionados, siendo las madangaminas uno de los menos estudiados desde el punto de vista sintético. En 1994 fue aislada el primer alcaloide de este grupo, la Madangamina A de la esponja marina Xestospongia ingens1 y unos años más tarde se aislaron cuatro nuevos alcaloides, las madangaminas BE.2 Estructuralmente, las madangamines son alcaloides pentacíclicos y se caracterizan por presentar un núcleo diazatricíclico (anillos ABC) y dos puentes de carbonados. El anillo macrocíclico D es diferente en cada madangamina en tamaño, así como en el grado y la posición de insaturación, mientras que el anillo E es idéntico en todas ellas. En la presente Tesis Doctoral presentamos la síntesis enantioselectiva de ()-madangamine D,3 que ofrece por primera vez una muestra pura de este producto natural y constituye la primera síntesis total de un alcaloide de la grupo de las madangamines. Usando de una lactama bicíclica derivada del fenilglicinol como el scafold enantiomérico de partida, nuestro enfoque consiste en la construcción inicial del núcleo diazatricíclico ABC y la posterior construcción de los anillos macrocíclicos D y E. La lactama de partida 2 es fácilmente accesible por ciclocondensación de oxoester 1 con el (R)-fenilglicinol, en un proceso en donde se instala el primer estereocentro. El intermedio diazatríclico se prepara a partir de una lactama insaturada derivada de 2. En este proceso son claves una reacción de adición conjugada estereoselectiva, el cierre del anillo carbocíclico mediante metátesis, una alquilación estereoselectiva y finalmente cierre del anillo A por aminohidroxilación. La anulación de los anillos macrocíclicos se lleva a cabo mediante una reacción de cierre del anillo por metátesis (anillo D) y una olefinación de Wittig seguida de macrolactamización (anillo E). Los datos de RMN de 1H y 13C de nuestra madangamina sintética fueron coincidentes con los reportados para el producto natural. La madangamina D sintética muestra citotoxicidad in vitro contra las líneas celulares de cáncer HT29 de colon humano y PSN1 páncreas.[eng] Madangamines are a small group of marine alkaloids isolated from sponges of the order Haplosclerida collected by hand using scuba on reefs off Madang, Papua New Guinea. Madangamine A show significant in vitro cytotoxicity against murine leukemia (P388), human lung (A549), brain (U373) and breast (MCF-7). However, no bioactivity data have been reported for madangamines B-E, and further pharmacological research on this alkaloid group has been prevented by the minute amount of alkaloid samples. We present herein the enantioselective synthesis of (+)-madangamine D, which represents the first total synthesis of an alkaloid of the madangamine group. Using a phenylglycinol-derived bicyclic lactam as the starting enantiomeric scaffold we were able to control the stereochemistry of all three contiguous stereogenic centers on the BC ring system, while A ring was formed through a stereocontrolled cascade aminohydroxylation reaction, in which an “in situ generated” amine attacks an epoxide ring. This strategy provides a direct route to the diazatricyclic ABC core common to all madangamines, with the appropriate functionalization to allow the subsequent building of the macrocyclic D and E rings of these alkaloids. The saturated 14-membered D ring of madangamine D, leading to the tetracyclic ABCD system was efficiently constructed using a ring-closing metathesis reaction followed by a catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting double bond. The (Z,Z)-unsaturated 11-membered E ring, required to complete the synthesis of madangamine D was successfully assembled in a straightforward manner using a Z-stereoselective Wittig reaction followed by an intramolecular macrolactamization. Madangamine D showed significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against human colon HT29 (GI50 4.4 µg/mL) and pancreas PSN1 (GI50 7.4 µg/mL) cancer cell lines, but was inactive against lung NSCLC A549 and breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines at the highest assayed concentration (10 µg/mL)
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Total synthesis of (+)-Madangamine D (Tesi)
No full text[spa] Las esponjas del orden Haplosclerida representan una importante fuente de alcaloides estructuralmente diversos pero biogenéticamente relacionados, siendo las madangaminas uno de los menos estudiados desde el punto de vista sintético. En 1994 fue aislada el primer alcaloide de este grupo, la Madangamina A de la esponja marina Xestospongia ingens1 y unos años más tarde se aislaron cuatro nuevos alcaloides, las madangaminas BE.2 Estructuralmente, las madangamines son alcaloides pentacíclicos y se caracterizan por presentar un núcleo diazatricíclico (anillos ABC) y dos puentes de carbonados. El anillo macrocíclico D es diferente en cada madangamina en tamaño, así como en el grado y la posición de insaturación, mientras que el anillo E es idéntico en todas ellas. En la presente Tesis Doctoral presentamos la síntesis enantioselectiva de ()-madangamine D,3 que ofrece por primera vez una muestra pura de este producto natural y constituye la primera síntesis total de un alcaloide de la grupo de las madangamines. Usando de una lactama bicíclica derivada del fenilglicinol como el scafold enantiomérico de partida, nuestro enfoque consiste en la construcción inicial del núcleo diazatricíclico ABC y la posterior construcción de los anillos macrocíclicos D y E. La lactama de partida 2 es fácilmente accesible por ciclocondensación de oxoester 1 con el (R)-fenilglicinol, en un proceso en donde se instala el primer estereocentro. El intermedio diazatríclico se prepara a partir de una lactama insaturada derivada de 2. En este proceso son claves una reacción de adición conjugada estereoselectiva, el cierre del anillo carbocíclico mediante metátesis, una alquilación estereoselectiva y finalmente cierre del anillo A por aminohidroxilación. La anulación de los anillos macrocíclicos se lleva a cabo mediante una reacción de cierre del anillo por metátesis (anillo D) y una olefinación de Wittig seguida de macrolactamización (anillo E). Los datos de RMN de 1H y 13C de nuestra madangamina sintética fueron coincidentes con los reportados para el producto natural. La madangamina D sintética muestra citotoxicidad in vitro contra las líneas celulares de cáncer HT29 de colon humano y PSN1 páncreas.[eng] Madangamines are a small group of marine alkaloids isolated from sponges of the order Haplosclerida collected by hand using scuba on reefs off Madang, Papua New Guinea. Madangamine A show significant in vitro cytotoxicity against murine leukemia (P388), human lung (A549), brain (U373) and breast (MCF-7). However, no bioactivity data have been reported for madangamines B-E, and further pharmacological research on this alkaloid group has been prevented by the minute amount of alkaloid samples. We present herein the enantioselective synthesis of (+)-madangamine D, which represents the first total synthesis of an alkaloid of the madangamine group. Using a phenylglycinol-derived bicyclic lactam as the starting enantiomeric scaffold we were able to control the stereochemistry of all three contiguous stereogenic centers on the BC ring system, while A ring was formed through a stereocontrolled cascade aminohydroxylation reaction, in which an “in situ generated” amine attacks an epoxide ring. This strategy provides a direct route to the diazatricyclic ABC core common to all madangamines, with the appropriate functionalization to allow the subsequent building of the macrocyclic D and E rings of these alkaloids. The saturated 14-membered D ring of madangamine D, leading to the tetracyclic ABCD system was efficiently constructed using a ring-closing metathesis reaction followed by a catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting double bond. The (Z,Z)-unsaturated 11-membered E ring, required to complete the synthesis of madangamine D was successfully assembled in a straightforward manner using a Z-stereoselective Wittig reaction followed by an intramolecular macrolactamization. Madangamine D showed significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against human colon HT29 (GI50 4.4 µg/mL) and pancreas PSN1 (GI50 7.4 µg/mL) cancer cell lines, but was inactive against lung NSCLC A549 and breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines at the highest assayed concentration (10 µg/mL)
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