1,720,987 research outputs found
La distribuzione del plusvalore concordatario fra autonomia ed eteronomia
Full text linkNo abstract availableL’elaborato affronta il tema della distribuzione del plusvalore creato attraverso il concordato preventivo in continuità tra i vari titolari di pretese nei confronti del patrimonio del debitore. La domanda centrale alla quale si cerca di dare una risposta è se tale valore debba distribuirsi integralmente ai creditori, seguendo l’ordine del loro rango e, solo una volta che i creditori siano stati soddisfatti pienamente, ai soci della società in concordato (absolute priority rule-APR), o se i principi che caratterizzano il nostro sistema giuridico consentano di accogliere una soluzione differente, come ad es. la relative priority rule, sia essa declinata nella accezione in cui è stata intesa nella letteratura statunitense (US RPR) o invece in quella europea di cui alla Direttiva 1023/2019 (EU RPR). Si anticipa sin da ora che la conclusione che si ritiene di raggiungere, pur ammettendo alcune possibilità di deroga alla APR, si discosta sia dalla US RPR, sia dalla EU RPR.Il problema viene affrontato alla luce di una ricostruzione (I capitolo) che, valorizzando una serie di mutamenti di prospettiva che hanno caratterizzato il recente sviluppo del diritto della crisi delle imprese, individua nel concordato un mezzo di attuazione della responsabilità patrimoniale del debitore volto alla massimizzazione del valore a disposizione del ceto creditorio. A partire da ciò, è possibile ricostruire un diritto dei titolari di pretese nei confronti del patrimonio responsabile a partecipare al (plus)valore concordatario secondo il rango della propria pretesa, e cioè seguendo l’ordine di distribuzione del patrimonio del debitore, così come definito dalle cause legittime di prelazione, dalle regole di postergazione, dal residuale principio della par condicio e da quello per il quale il sacrificio delle ragioni dei creditori postula l’azzeramento di quelle dei soci (APR). Detto diritto viene poi analizzato alla luce di un duplice paradigma, quello della autonomia (II capitolo) e quello della eteronomia (III capitolo). Nell’ambito del primo, che nel concordato preventivo si traduce nell’utilizzo della regola maggioritaria, si argomenta a favore della natura disponibile, da parte della classe, del diritto al (plus)valore concordatario secondo il rango (diritto collettivo). In questa prospettiva, ciascuna classe può rinunciare a maggioranza alla sua quota di (plus)valore, votando a favore di una proposta (da ritenersi ammissibile) derogatoria dell’ordine di distribuzione del patrimonio.Nell’ambito del secondo, si rileva come una proposta concordataria che violi il diritto della classe alla sua quota di (plus)valore non sia, di regola, omologabile da parte del giudice, laddove manchi il consenso di detta classe. Inoltre, dalla ricostruzione del diritto alla liquidazione quale forma di tutela essenziale in caso di disfunzioni della garanzia patrimoniale, si argomenta nel senso della non omologabilità della proposta che non attribuisca alla classe, titolare di una pretesa in-the-money nell’ipotesi liquidatoria, la possibilità di uscire dalla procedura (exit) con il valore di liquidazione della propria pretesa pagato in denaro, qualora detta classe non accetti forme di soddisfazione connotate da un certo livello di rischio (e.g. azioni). Da ultimo, si affronta il tema delle possibili deroghe alla APR, in particolare per quanto riguarda i rapporti fra soci e creditori. Sul punto, si ritiene che i soci originari possano ricevere un qualche valore dal concordato, pur in presenza di una classe dissenziente di creditori non integralmente soddisfatti, se si dimostra che la partecipazione dei primi alla ristrutturazione non è frutto di un comportamento opportunistico, ma è proporzionata e funzionale al successo della stessa e alla massimizzazione del valore.Infine, si evidenziano le ragioni per le quali la soluzione prospettata, pur consentendo in alcuni casi una deroga alla APR, si distingue sia dalla EU RPR, sia dalla US RPR
Heme catabolism and heme oxygenase-1-expressing myeloid cells in pathophysiology
Full text linkAlthough the pathological significance of myeloid cell heterogeneity is still poorly
understood, new evidence indicates that distinct macrophage subsets are
characterized by specific metabolic programs that influence disease onset and
progression. Within this scenario, distinct subsets of macrophages, endowed
with high rates of heme catabolism by the stress-responsive enzyme heme
oxygenase-1 (HO-1), play critical roles in physiologic and pathological
conditions. Of relevance, the substrates of HO-1 activity are the heme groups
that derive from cellular catabolism and are converted into carbon monoxide
(CO), biliverdin and Fe2+, which together elicit anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory
activities and control oxidative damage. While high levels of expression of HO-1
enzyme by specialized macrophage populations (erythrophagocytes) guarantee
the physiological disposal of senescent red blood cells (i.e. erythrocateresis), the
action of HO-1 takes on pathological significance in various diseases, and
abnormal CO metabolism has been observed in cancer, hematological
diseases, hypertension, heart failure, inflammation, sepsis, neurodegeneration.
Modulation of heme catabolism and CO production is therefore a feasible
therapeutic opportunity in various diseases. In this review we discuss the role
of HO-1 in different pathological contexts (i.e. cancer, infections, cardiovascular,
immune-mediated and neurodegenerative diseases) and highlight new
therapeutic perspectives on the modulation of the enzymatic activity of HO-1
Gasotransmitters bridging tumor biology and immunity: from pathophysiological insights to therapeutic potential
Full text linkThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly intricate and dynamic milieu, comprising neoplastic, immune and stromal cells in concert with extracellular matrix components, all engaged in continuous bidirectional crosstalk that critically orchestrates disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Beyond the local context, the TME is deeply shaped also by systemic influences, such as inflammatory mediators, metabolic cues and hematopoietic perturbations, collectively fostering a tumor-permissive macroenvironment. The interplay between local and systemic signals plays a pivotal role in modulating cellular differentiation, immune dynamics and stromal architecture, thereby sustaining malignancy. Among the myriad regulatory modulators involved in this complex network, endogenously produced gasotransmitters, namely carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have emerged as key modulators of tumor biology. These small, diffusible molecules exert a context-dependent spectrum of both pro-and anti-tumorigenic effects, influenced by their concentration, cellular source and tumor-specific microenvironmental conditions. Through the modulation of redox balance, metabolic signaling and epigenetic regulators, gasotransmitters impact immune cell functions, stromal remodeling and tumor cell behavior, thereby contributing to either immune evasion and therapy resistance or, conversely, to tumor suppression. Despite their growing relevance, the molecular mechanism governing these dualistic roles remain incompletely elucidated. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the roles of CO, NO and H2S in shaping TME. We focus on their influence on immune, stromal and tumor cell differentiation, metabolism and function, and discuss how this understanding could inform novel therapeutic strategies aimed at reprogramming the TME to enhance clinical outcomes in cancer treatment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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