6,101 research outputs found
Audiomobiles, Sculptures and Conundrums
No full textRoberto Gerhard was a pioneer of electronic music in England creating a number of substantial concert, theatre and radio works from as early as 1954. Gerhard’s electronic music is one of the richest repositories for understanding the development of the composer’s late compositional technique. Apart from the Symphony no.3, ‘Collages’, none of Gerhard’s electronic music is published. This paper will discuss aspects of Gerhard’s electronic music, focusing on Audiomobiles (1958-59) and Sculptures (1963)
Roberto Gerhard’s Sound Compositions: A Historical-Philological Perspective. Archive, Process, Intent and reenactment
No full textThis research advances the current state of knowledge in the field of early tape music both empirically and methodologically. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact that the electronic medium exerted in the musical thinking of Roberto Gerhard, one of the most outspoken, prolific and influential composers in the Spanish diaspora whose musical legacy, for the most part unknown, is a major landmark in the early history of electroacoustic music. Gerhard’s personal tape collection, one of the largest historical archives of its kind reported in the literature, is exceptional for both its antiquity (50+-year-old tapes) and its abundance of production materials. Through the digitisation and analysis of the composer’s tape collection this research argues that the empirical study of audio documents sets out a basis for a broader understanding of textual processes. More specifically, the research demonstrates that the reconstruction of works based on magnetic tape sketches is a powerful method to advance the understanding of early tape music. This research also examines Gerhard’s sound compositions in relation to the post-war context in which they were composed. Finally, this research presents performance documentation that proposes an approach to the electroacoustic music repertoire in which creativity is not at odds with rigor and critical discernment demonstrating that archival study can be closely aligned to the concept of re-enactment
Trapianto di fegato con l’utilizzo di grafts da donatori HBsAg positivi: studio multicentrico italiano
No full textIntroduzione e Scopi:
Il trapianto di fegato è diventato il trattamento di scelta per la cura ed il trattamento delle malattie epatiche terminali non più suscettibili di terapia medica, con un tasso di sopravvivenza del paziente di oltre l’80% ad un anno. Tuttavia la crescente domanda di organi da trapiantare ha superato la disponibilità con conseguenti lunghi periodi di attesa in lista ed inevitabilmente un alto tasso di mortalità in lista di attesa. La comunità trapiantologica ha cercato di rispondere a questa continua esigenza sviluppando diverse strategie come, ad esempio, l’utilizzo di grafts da donatori definiti marginali. Questi comprendono i donatori “a cuore non-battente”, i donatori anziani (oltre i 65 anni), l’utilizzo di grafts con moderata steatosi o con pregresse infezioni da epatite-B o epatite-C. Un ulteriore possibilità per incrementare il pool dei donatori è l’utilizzo di grafts da donatori HBsAg-positivi. Tuttavia, ad oggi, pochi dati sono disponibili sull’utilizzo di questi grafts. Il nostro obiettivo è stato valutare lo stato siero-virologico ed i risultati clinici del trapianto di fegato utilizzando grafts da donatori HBsAg-positivi.
Materiali e Metodi:
Questo è uno studio multicentrico che ha coinvolto l’Università di Modena, Bologna e Padova. Lo studio è stato approvato dai comitati etici di ogni centro trapianto. Sono stati retrospettivamente valutati i pazienti trapiantati di fegato dal 12 marzo 2004 al 21 maggio 2010. In questo periodo 28 pazienti hanno ricevuto un fegato da donatori HBsAg-positivi. La valutazione sierovirologica ha incluso: i markers per HBV, IgM e IgG anti HDV, anticorpi anti-HCV, sierologia per Herpes virus e IgG Toxoplasma. In aggiunta è stato eseguito il dosaggio per HBV-DNA. Per ottenere l’idoneità del graft erano obbligatori due parametri: l’istologia del fegato che doveva documentare uno score di fibrosi (sec. Ishak) <1 e/o una lieve attività infiammatoria (grado <4). Il decorso clinico di ogni paziente è stato retrospettivamente valutato e sono stati raccolti i dati riguardanti: il tipo di terapia immunosoppressiva, gli episodi di rigetto cellulare acuto, la recidiva istologica di epatite-B ed il trattamento antivirale durante le recidive di epatite-B. Infine è stato analizzata la sopravvivenza del graft e del paziente intese come tempo intercorso dal trapianto al decesso del paziente e/o al ritrapianto.
Risultati:
L’età media dei riceventi era di 57.6 anni (range: 26-67); 4 dei 28 pazienti trapiantati erano femmine (14.3%). Il follow-up medio è stato di 37.4 mesi (0.1-88). Il tempo medio di attesa in lista è stato di 452 giorni (range: 37-1962) ed il MELD score medio al momento del trapianto era 15.6 (7-33). 19 pazienti avevano un carcinoma epatocellulare (7.8%) che in 13 casi (68.4%) rientrava entro i criteri di Milano. L’età media dei donatori HBsAg-positivi era di 52.6 anni (range:13-79) ed il tempo medio in rianimazione è stato di 5.3 giorni (range: 1-21). Il tempo medio di ischemia fredda e di ischemia calda del graft è stata di 430 e 40 minuti, rispettivamente. La degenza media postoperatoria è stata di 21.4 giorni (range: 6-143). Durante il follow-up nessun paziente ha necessitato di un ritrapianto di fegato, due pazienti (7.1%) svilupparono un rigetto cellulare acuto, 7 pazienti (25%) presentarono una complicanza biliare e 5 (17.9%) una infezione maggiore. La sopravvivenza del graft e del paziente a 1-,3- e 5 anni è stata del 85.6%, 81.7% e 74.3% rispettivamente.
Conclusioni:
Sulla base dei nostri risultati possiamo concludere che il trapianto di fegato con l'utilizzo di grafts da donatori HBsAg-positivi può essere sicuro e la recidiva di epatite B può essere controllata soprattutto con una adeguata selezione del graft e attraverso una appropriata gestione postoperatoria della terapia antivirale.Background & Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) has become the definitive procedure for management of end stage liver disease, with survival rates greater than 80% at 1 year. The increase in organ demand has exceeded the supply, resulting in longer waiting periods and higher death rates on the waiting list. Approximately 10% to 20% of patients on the liver transplant list die each year without receiving an organ in a timely fashion. Transplant physicians have responded to this increased demand by developing several strategies such as the use of “expanded criteria donors” grafts. These could include non-heart-beating donors, older donors (aged 65 years and over), and the use of liver allografts containing appreciable steatosis or with past exposure to hepatitis B or hepatitis C. A further possibility to increase the organ pool is to use grafts from hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) positive donors but few data are currently available in this setting. We assessed the clinical and sero-virological status and outcomes of liver transplantation from HBsAg positive donors in a multicenter study.
Methods: This was a multicenter study involving 3 Liver Transplant Centers in Italy: the Universities of Modena, Bologna and Padova. The study was approved by the institutional review boards at each center. Patients undergoing liver transplantation between March 12, 2004, and May 21, 2010, were retrospectively evaluated. 28 patients received liver grafts from HBsAg positive deceased donors. All subjects were informed of the possible risks, consented to enter the study and signed a written form. The serovirological assessment includes a complete HBV marker panel, anti HDV IgG and IgM. Anti-HCV Ab, plus Herpes virus serology and Toxoplasma IgG. An HBV-DNA test is also performed. To establish graft suitability, two parameters are strictly mandatory: liver pathology, that must document a fibrosis Ishak score <1 and only mild inflammation (grading score <4). The clinical course of each patient was retrospectively evaluated: data on immunosuppression, episodes of acute rejection, histological hepatitis B recurrence, and antiviral treatment of hepatitis B recurrence were collected. Finally, we recorded information on graft and patient survival, calculating time to retransplantation or death.
Results:
The average age of recipients at LT was 57.6 years (range: 26-67), 4 out of 28 were female (14.3%). The average follow up after LT was 37.4 months (range: 0.1-88). The patients were transplanted after an average waiting time of 452 days (range: 37-1962) and at the time of LT presented an average MELD score of 15.6 (range: 7-33). 19 patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (67.8%) that in 13 cases (68.4%) resulted within the Milan criteria. The HBsAg positive donors had an average age of 52.6 years (range:13-79) and an average stay in ICU of 5.3 days (range: 1-21). The average cold ischemia time and warm ischemia time resulted of 430 and 40 minutes respectively. After LT the average hospital stay was of 21.4 days (range: 6-143). During the follow up none of the patients required retransplantation, 2 patients (7.1%) developed an acute cellular rejection, 7 (25%) presented biliary complications and 5 (17.9%) major infections. The 1-, 3- and 5-year graft and patient survival resulted of 85.6%, 81.7% and 74.3% respectively.
Conclusions
In conclusion, the utilization of grafts from deceased HBsAg-positive donors may be feasible and HBV can be controlled with graft stability if selection of grafts and postoperative antiviral treatment are appropriately managed. Long-term follow-up data and large-scale multi-center studies are required to confirm our findings
Filologia editoriale, Roberto Calasso in dialogo con Paola Italia e Francisco Rico
No full textPaola Italia e Francisco Rico intervengono sul libro di Roberto Calasso, presidente e fondatore di Adelphi Edizioni, L'impronta dell'editore, e discutono di problemi di filologia delle forme editoriali, dal punto di vista dell'autore, del lettore e dell'editore.Paola Italia and Francisco Ricos interview Roberto Calasso, Publisher, Writer, and Founder of Adelphi Edizioni, about his book: L'impronta dell'editore, talking about philology, publishing and editing, from the author, the reader and the publisher's point of view
Roberto Tibau and the process of making architecture
No full textEste estudo documenta a vida e a obra de Roberto José Goulart Tibau (1924-2003), arquiteto brasileiro. O objetivo fundamental - e mais importante - é reunir informações sobre os projetos e obras mais significativos desenvolvidos durante sua atividade profissional, tornando-os acessíveis através dessa pesquisa. O trabalho baseou-se em pesquisa bibliográfica, levantamento e registro das obras e projetos realizados, currículo profissional, e depoimento de Tibau, concedido ao autor, em 1998. Em Roberto Tibau e o fazer arquitetura são descritos os caminhos percorridos pelo arquiteto; o contexto histórico de sua formação e atuação profissional; a relação de sua produção arquitetônica com outras obras da época; e eventuais referências projetuais utilizadas na criação dos seus projetos. Este trabalho vem preencher uma lacuna bibliográfica considerável, trazendo à luz, a obra deste significativo arquiteto, que dedicou sua vida ao trabalho na prancheta, na qual deixou sua marca de humanista.This study documents the life and work of Roberto José Goulart Tibau (1924-2003), a Brazilian architect. It aims to collect information about the most significant projects developed during the years of his professional career, which will become available through this research. The present study based on bibliographical research, examination and registration of the projects executed by the architect, his resumé, and his testimonial to the author of this research, in 1998. In Roberto Tibau and the process of making architecture there is a description of the ways in which his projects were conceived; the historical context through his professional activity since graduation, the relation between his own production and the production of other architects of the same period, and the projecting references used for his creations. This research is also an attempt to fill a signicant bibliographical gap of architecture history in Brazil by bringing to light the work of this relevant architect, who dedicated his life to working on his drawing table, leaving to us his humanistic style
Aging and Veterinary Care of Cats, Dogs, and Horses through the Records of Three University Veterinary Hospitals
Get PDFThe present article examines over 63,000 medical records belonging to the Veterinary Hospitals of the Universities of Bologna, Torino, and Padova, all in Northern Italy, and relative to dogs (approximately 50,000), cats (approximately 12,000), and companion horses (slightly less than 1,000). The animals of the three species were divided into age classes and categorized per sex into males, females, and neutered individuals. The mean age at visit and the effects of age classes and category (analyzed via ANOVA) are presented and discussed. The data indicate that many animals are presented to the hospitals either in the early phases of their life (presumably for vaccination and, in cats and dogs, gonadectomy) or in the advanced age (over 10 years in dogs, over 15 years in cats, and over 17 years in horses). The records of very old individuals of the three species are also reported. On the whole, the results suggest that a growing population of mature to old domestic carnivores or companion horses reaches ages that were considered exceptional only a few years ago. The data also testify an evolution in the animal–owner relationship and a renewed respect for the value of life in companion domestic mammals
Sorafenib before liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: risk or give up
No full textDear Sirs,
We read with interest the article by Truesdale et al. [1]
regarding their experience in the use of sorafenib before
liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC). The authors compare ten patients who
were administered sorafenib during waiting time for LT
with twenty-three patients to whom the drug was not given.
No difference in terms of overall and HCC recurrence-free
survival was seen between the two groups. Indeed a higher
incidence of biliary complications (67% vs. 17%) and acute
cellular rejections (67% vs. 22%) was observed in the first
group. The authors assume that the higher amount of complications
is secondary to the use of sorafenib because of its
main effect in inhibiting the vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGFR), reducing the resistance to apoptosis of
cholangiocytes and thus both hindering the integrity of biliary
vascularization and altering the immune pathway leading
to cellular rejection. However, some major issues arise
reading this paper: the authors do not specify the inclusion
criteria for the use of sorafenib, the extension of the tumour
burden before LT, the number of locoregional treatments
before the drug was given and in general the efficacy of
down-sizing procedures in this group of patients.
An interesting matter of debate is the time to stop the
administration of sorafenib. Infact the authors assert that
the drug was stopped on the day of LT. In our experience
[2], it seems not to be safe to continue with the administration
of the drug until the day of LT: although there is no
international agreement about this point [2–5], we usually
interrupt the drug at least 3 weeks before a surgical procedure
such as LT, because of the increased risk of bleeding
of impaired wound healing and of liver dysfunction in the
perioperative period in this setting of patients.
Another intriguing issue is that doubtlessly sorafenib
cannot still be considered nowadays in the group of the
standard down-staging procedures of HCC in terms of
safety and cost–effectiveness, but it should be reserved to
the patients with advanced HCC traditionally treated with
locoregional therapies/hepatic resection in whom sorafenib
plays as important role in bringing them within the
accepted criteria for LT with HCC. So as to exploit as much
as possible the potential of the drug, we believe that sorafenib
should not be reserved to patients with advanced HCC to whom any other curative treatment is not possible, but
it should be offered also to a different setting of patients
such as young patients outside standard criteria to LT.
In the future, the challenge will be to break the Damocles
sword of medical therapies for HCC, until now no
effective therapy exists. The integration of sorafenib in
the medical practice and its fully comprehension may
permit the best management of these patients as possibl
Roberto faz falta.../ We miss Roberto…
No full textEsse texto, escrito carinhosamente a duas mãos, busca resgatar em nossas memórias, fatos que dizem respeito à nossa convivência com um querido amigo e à sua trajetória profissional. Para elaborá-lo, procuramos reconstituir o ambiente e o afeto que costumeiramente experimentávamos quando nos encontrávamos com Roberto Ciasca. This text, written affectionately with two hands, seeks to rescue in our memories, facts that relate to our coexistence with a dear friend and to his professional trajectory. To elaborate it, we tried to reconstruct the atmosphere and affection we usually experienced when we met Roberto Ciasca. Keywords: Memory; Occupational therapy Este texto, escrito cariñosamente a dos manos, busca rescatar en nuestras memorias, hechos que se refieren a nuestra convivencia con un querido amigo y su trayectoria profesional. Para elaborarlo, procuramos reconstituir el ambiente y el afecto que habitualmente experimentábamos cuando nos encontrábamos con Roberto Ciasca.Palabras claves: Memoria; Terapia ocupacional</p
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