1,721,042 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Epithelial Expressed B7-H4 Drives Differential Immunotherapy Response in Murine and Human Breast Cancer
No full textBreast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among females. The abundance of clinical trials reveals the extent to which investigators are attempting novel therapies for patients at risk. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, including anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, has seen broad success in several cancer types, including breast cancer. However, one of the challenges in the deployment of these therapies is determining which patients will benefit. In the present studies, we investigated whether the alternate immune checkpoint ligand B7-H4 could be contributing to immunotherapy resistance in certain breast cancer patients. B7-H4 (encoded by VTCN1) is an immune checkpoint ligand in the CD28/B7 family of molecules, which includes PD-1/PD-L1. First, we identified that in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), B7-H4 was highly expressed in tumors lacking an abundant immune infiltrate and was correlated with worse patient survival. Second, we discovered B7-H4 is preferentially expressed on epithelial tumor cells in mouse and human breast cancer cell lines and in TNBC. Third, we validated that, unlike the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1, B7-H4 is regulated by PI3K signaling in human and murine breast cancers. Finally, we observed B7-H4 caused immunotherapy resistance in a murine mammary cancer model due to inhibition of pro-inflammatory immune cell activation, but conversely in human cancers, B7-H4 expression was associated with improved response to immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. These data collectively show the importance of validating murine study results in human clinical trials and suggest B7-H4 may have different functions in patient tumors. Therefore, it may not be an appropriate target for antibody blocking therapies but perhaps more suited to antibody-drug-conjugate therapies
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
NKG2A is a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Immunotherapy Resistant MHC-I Heterogenous Triple Negative Breast Cancer
No full textAlthough immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has proven successful in treating cancer, patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often develop therapy resistance, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. MHC-I expression is crucial for antigen presentation and T-cell-directed immunotherapy responses. The studies presented here demonstrates that TNBC patients exhibit intratumor heterogeneity in regional MHC-I expression. In murine models, loss of MHC-I abolishes antitumor immunity and ICI response, while intratumor MHC-I heterogeneity results in increased infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells in an IFNγ-dependent manner. Spatial technologies reveal that MHC-I heterogeneity is associated with clinical resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy and increased NK:T-cell ratios in human breast tumors. MHC-I heterogeneous tumors necessitate NKG2A to suppress NK-cell function. Combining anti-NKG2A and anti-PD-L1 therapies restores complete response in heterogeneous MHC-I murine models, contingent on the presence of activated, tumor-infiltrating NK and CD8+ T cells. These findings suggest that implementing similar strategies may enhance patient benefit in clinical trials
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Biomarkers for Predicting Immunotherapy Response in Breast Cancer
No full textRecent clinical studies have demonstrated that combining neoadjuvant chemotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors can improve the response rate in early-stage breast cancer patients. Despite these advances, most patients do not respond to immunotherapy, highlighting the need for better biomarkers to optimize treatment benefit. This thesis aims to identify peripheral blood and tumor biomarkers that predict breast cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Using patient derived biopsy, we measured the expression of antigen presentation protein MHC-I on tumor cells and identified a positive correlation between MHC-I expression and immunotherapy response. We also observed significant MHC-I expressional heterogeneity across races and breast cancer subtypes. In addition, systemic immunity also significantly affects immunotherapy response, making peripheral immune biomarkers potential candidates for immunotherapy prediction. Using >500 peripheral blood RNA sequenced transcriptomes collected longitudinally from over 150 patients in the control and pembrolizumab arms of the ISPY-2 trial, we demonstrated the interconnected nature of systemic and tumoral immune response, and showed that the dynamics of immune gene expression patterns derived from peripheral blood as baseline and on-therapy can predict clinical outcomes. These findings highlight the potential of integrating peripheral and tumoral biomarkers to guide immunotherapy decisions, advancing the field of precision oncology
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