1,721,020 research outputs found
Work practices with paper-based and electronic documentation systems : case studies in an oncology setting
No full textThis thesis deals with the interrelation of documentation systems and work practices in hospitals. Computerized documentation systems or electronic patient record systems are increasingly introduced into health care to enhance integrated care, cost efficiency, and control, as well as to provide a broad data base for clinical research.However, as studies show, the systems often do not live up to these expectations; many projects that aim at standardized solutions for a wide range of hospitals and other institutions fail.Researchers in the field of computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) have shown how different modes of documentation are instrumental or problematic in the accomplishment of health care work. It is argued here that to design useful systems local work practices have to be taken into account, i.e. the needs of doctors and nurses in the daily work of caring for patients. The problem is further complicated by the fact that the requirements vary for different medical disciplines, professional groups, and organizational settings.This thesis reports on case studies that have been carried out within the 'ACTion for Health' programme. In-depth ethnographic studies of work practices have been performed in three oncology clinics that are part of the same association of hospitals. A comparative analysis across sites is provided that takes into account local settings in terms of premises, resources, and organization. While at two of the clinics paper-based documentation is still used, the third one has a computerized system that has been in use for more than ten years. The work practices as well as the affordances and problems of the paper-based and computerized documentation systems are analyzed in regard to the specific demands of an oncology setting. Special emphasis is put on the administration of routine procedures, the overview of a patient's trajectory, and the management of the workflow.Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich anhand von Fallstudien mit dem Einsatz unterschiedlicher Dokumentationssysteme in Krankenhäusern.Zunehmend werden hier Computersysteme verwendet, die über die Erfassung grundlegender administrativer Daten hinausgehen. Erwartet werden erhöhte Transparenz, Datenaustausch zwischen Institutionen und Kosteneinsparungen.Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, dass sich mit dem Einsatz des Computers sowohl die Darstellungs- und Zugriffsmöglichkeiten von bzw.auf Daten als auch die Arbeitsabläufe verändern, zum Beispiel in Hinblick auf Mechanismen der Kooperation. Es ist daher wichtig, bei der Einführung neuer Dokumentationssysteme lokal entwickelte Arbeitspraktiken zu berücksichtigen. Es wird damit an Erfahrungen aus dem Bereich 'computer supported cooperative work' (CSCW) angeschlossen.Ethnographische Untersuchungen zeigen, wie verschiedene Systeme der Dokumentation Arbeitspraxis unterstützen bzw. welche Probleme sich jeweils ergeben. Beachtet werden müssen außerdem die unterschiedlichen Bedürfnisse der verschiedenen medizinischen Disziplinen, Berufsgruppen und lokalen Organisationen.Die Fallstudien wurden im Rahmen des Projekts 'ACTion for Health' durchgeführt. Sie sollen einen Beitrag liefern zum Verständnis des Zusammenhangs von Dokumentationssystemen und Arbeitspraxis. Es werden drei onkologische Abteilungen vergleichend analysiert. Sie sind Teil eines städtischen Verbandes von Krankenhäusern. Zwei der Abteilungen verwenden papierbasierte Systeme, während an der dritten Abteilung ein Computersystem eingesetzt wird, das seit mehr als zehn Jahren in Verwendung ist. Eingegangen wird insbesondere auf spezielle Anforderungen, die sich für die Onkologie ergeben: an die Abwicklung von Routinetätigkeiten, an den Überblick über lange PatientInnengeschichten und an die Abwicklung der täglichen Aufgaben
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
ECSCW’09 Proceedings of the Eleventh European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
No full text
- …
