1,720,963 research outputs found
Intervention and Prevention of Hereditary Hemolytic Disorders in Two Ethnic Communities of Sundargarh District of Orissa, India: An Experience from KAP Studies
No full textHereditary hemolytic disorders are important public health challenges in India. They cause a high degree of morbidity, mortality and fetal wastage in vulnerable communities. Tradition-bound-psychosocial influences are detrimental to the process of prevention. This study was designed to create awareness, motivate, and sensitize two major vulnerable tribal communities: Bhuyan and Kharia for hemoglobin and allied hemolytic disorders in addition to imparting prospective and retrospective genetic/marriage counseling. Bhuyan and Kharia tribal people in Orissa live in clusters practicing inter-village tribal endogamy and clan exogamy. For the present study, random sampling procedure for the selection of whole village was followed. Imparting of education, motivation and sensitization for carrier detection were carried out through IEC materials, holding interactive meetings and discussions at district, block and village levels. Both prospective and retrospective intervention and genetic/marriage counseling was done through the local PHC doctor. The pre- and post-intervention knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) studies were conducted. Tribal people were not knowing the signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease (2.1%) and beta-thalassemia (1.0%), but after IEC, their knowledge was considerably improved (67.8%, 56.4%, respectively). Sickle cell patient needs treatment (37.6%) like folic acid, blood transfusion, etc. Beta-thalassemia is disease causes bloodlessness and is a transfusion dependent (73.2%). All patients of thalassemia major or sickle cell disease have carrier parents and carriers do not suffer from any clinical ailments. After intervention, it was known that G-6-PD is an enzyme, which helps in glucose metabolism of red cells (76.4%) and its hereditary deficiency causes hemolytic anemia, jaundice and black urination (73.8%) in malaria cases when anti-malarials are administered. Methodical and prudent intervention and preventive strategies found positive and encouraging impact on the affected people. Success of strategy showed apparent overwhelming response of the tribal people towards changing the traditional mindset and improving their health and quality of life
Health Scenario of Major Tribals of Northern Orissa in Relation to Human Growth, Development and Nutrition and the Role of Genetic Factors in Smell and Tasting Abilities in Children
No full textThe nature of physical growth and development of children depends primarily upon the genetic endowments, nutritional status, psychosocial attitude and surrounding physical environmental conditions. School going children are the most important segment of the society who are affected by under- and mal-nutrition. Good nutrition is an indispensable component of healthy life. Tribal children studying in Ashram schools can be taken as representatives of the predominant tribes of the area. This study was aimed at evaluating the health profile in relation to growth, development and nutrition of a randomly selected cross section of 1038 Ashram school children aged six through 15 years in the state of Orissa. Following the standard methodology, it was noticed that nutritional complications are compounded due to ignorance, bad food habits, food fads, and poverty. About 71% of the Ashram school children showed mild to moderate anemia. According to different grades of malnutrition, the frequency of grade III malnutrition was very low in Ashram-school boys (1.4%) and girls (3.5%), with an average of 2.3%. The grade I as well as grade II malnutrition was also higher in girls (grade II =24.3%; grade I= 37.6%) as compared to boys (grade II=16.7%; grade I=31.5%) with an average of 19.9% and 34.1%, respectively for grade II and grade I malnutrition. There was a consistent pattern of increase in height and weight in the year six through fifteen of age, showing that height and weight of the Ashram school children increases with the corresponding advancement of age in both boys and girls. In general, the girls were shorter and lighter in weight than the boys. This pattern is consistent in the present study of Ashram school children in Orissa. It has been observed that apart from the genetic potential, the intra-uterine environment, mother’s nutritional status before, during and post pregnancy, and neonatal nutrition and associated traditional behavior drastically influence the growth and development of individuals. Adequate physical and mental fitness of parents is a marker for physical and mental fitness of the progeny. Heritable genetic factors are responsible for the ability to detect and identify smell and taste of food items of liking and disliking and for the fussy behavior toward different foods in children
Genetic Disease Burden, Nutrition and Determinants of Tribal Health Care in Chhattisgarh State of Central-East India: A Status Paper
No full textTribal health is an important aspect of development and progress of the people. This study pertaining to genetic disease burden, nutritional status and biomedical anthropological assessment with particular reference to determinants of tribal health care has been carried out among the four tribes, namely, Bhatra, Gond, Kondh and Paraja of Orissa residing adjacent to the bordering districts of Chhattisgarh The population genetic structure of a tribe is the outcome of socio-cultural practices, bio-psychological behavior, genetic constitution, and eco-environmental conditions. Tribal communities in India, in general and of Chhattisgarh state in particular, are highly vulnerable to various genetic diseases, nutritional deficiencies and unrealistic practices and lack of access to basic health facilities. A total of 815 blood samples comprising of 166 Bhatra, 219 Gond, 254 Kondh and 176 Paraja tribes were collected randomly under aseptic conditions. The frequency of sickle cell hemoglobinopathy (3.2-22.5%), β-thalassemia trait (0.5-8.5%), and G6PD enzyme deficiency (6-16%) is very high among the tribes of Chhattisgarh. However, the prevalence of Rhesus negative blood group is very low (0-0.6%). The frequency of hereditary hemolytic anemia is also high among the tribals of Chhattisgarh. Both communicable and non-communicable diseases harbor the tribal population. The nutritional deficiencies are rampant. Tribal people are engrossed with superstitions and have faith in traditional healers who practice magico-religious rites along with indigenous herbal treatment for the common ailments. Traditional folk medicine and health culture play a significant role in shaping tribal life. These health practices differ from one tribe to another. Unless locality specific, tribe specific and need-based health care system is evolved which should be appropriate, acceptable, accessible, and affordable, the true goal of health for all cannot be achieved in India
A monozygotic twin pair with \u3b2-thalassemia carrier status in a Dudh Kharia tribal family of Orissa
Full text linkBackground: The \u3b2 -thalassemia syndrome is a genetically inherited
commonly encountered hematological disorder in the state of Orissa. It
causes high degree of morbidity, mortality and fetal wastage in the
poor vulnerable people. Aims and Objectives: There is an equal
probability (50% chance) in every singleton pregnancy that a carrier
parent of \u3b2 -thalassemia major would either bear normal or carrier
offspring, but not two offspring with carrier of \u3b2 -thalassemia
major genotype together. For the first time, a carrier parent of \u3b2
-thalassemia major gene has born progeny (three daughters and a twin
male offspring) with a carrier status of \u3b2 -thalassemia major in
Dudh Kharia tribal family studied from Sundargarh district of Orissa.
Materials and Methods: We screened randomly selected population of Dudh
Kharia tribe from Sundargarh district of Orissa for hemoglobinopathies
to assess the extent of the problem, design possible interventions and
provide genetic counseling to them. A family with twin children was
identified during screening in Lata Gaon in Bargaon block of Sundargarh
district of Orissa for the above-mentioned study. Background
information for this family such as name, age, sex, tribe, native
place, reproductive history, family pedigree and clinical signs and
symptoms were also recorded. Standardized genetic and hematological
procedures and techniques were followed for analysis. Results:
Laboratory investigations for alkaline electrophoresis of blood lysate
on cellulose acetate membrane showed raised hemoglobin A 2 level in
mother (Hb A 2 = 5.3%), in three daughters (Hb A 2 =6.5, 5.9, 5.5% in
chronological and birth order), in two twin sons (Hb A 2 =5.9% and
6.0%) and normal (Hb A 2 = 3.3%) for father. Hence, all the children
i.e., three daughters and two twin sons, including the mother were
\u3b2 -thalassemia carriers. Since all the hematological parameters
i.e., red cell indices, G-6-PD enzyme activity, ABO and Rhesus blood
groups and identical \u3b2 -thalassemia (trait) genotypes with
identical clinical manifestations and hematological profile of the twin
sons under similar environmental conditions, hence they were labeled as
identical monozygotic twins. Conclusions: It is a rare occasion when a
single pregnancy carries either one or two abnormal genotypes at a time
in a womb in human beings. Monozygotic twins are genetically alike and
provide appraisal of the expression of identical genotype under the
different environmental conditions
Hematological profile of twenty-nine tribal compound cases of hemoglobinopathies and G-6-PD deficiency in rural Orissa
No full textBackground: Hematogenetic disorders are commonly encountered in Orissa
state in Central-Eastern India. Hemoglobinopathies and G-6-PD
deficiency are the most frequently occurring hereditary hemolytic
disorders causing high morbidity and mortality in vulnerable people.
Aims: There is no study available reporting combined condition of
hemoglobinopathies and G-6-PD deficiency in a single individual from
India. This study aims to assess the coincidence of G-6-PD enzyme
deficiency with different hemoglobinopathies and β-thalassemia and
to evaluate the influence of combined conditions on the hematological
expression. Settings and Design: The study was carried out in rural
Orissa with a random sampling procedure. Materials and Methods:
Following the standard methodology and techniques, this study
highlights 29 tribal cases of compound occurrence of hemoglobinopathy
with G-6-PD deficiency in a randomly conducted study in Sundargarh
district of Orissa. Statistical Analysis: Results were subjected to
statistical analysis. Results: Both female heterozygotes and
homozygotes of G-6-PD deficiency in association with different
hemoglobinopathies showed reduced values of hematological indices:
hemoglobin level, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RBC in comparison to normals. Red
cell indices were found further reduced in male G-6-PD deficiency
concurrence with hemoglobinopathies in homozygous condition, i.e.
sickle cell disease (HbSS) or hemoglobin E disease (HbEE).
Hematological indices were significantly lower except WBC counts and
fetal hemoglobin in male G-6-PD deficiency with co-existing homozygous
sickle cell disease in comparison with counterpart sickle cell trait
and normal controls. Conclusions: Hemoglobin polymorphism with G-6-PD
deficiency is advantageous to the community against lethal effects of
malaria especially against Plasmodium falciparum at population level,
but their combination is harmful at the individual level because of low
levels of red cell indices to cope with the routine human physiology
A Cross-Sectional Study of Hemoglobin Disorders in Pregnant Women Attending Two Urban Hospitals in Eastern Coast of Odisha, India.
No full textPregnant women are an important segment of the society. They bear the children and provide nourishment to them during the period of gestation of nine months. The health of a mother reflects the health of a child. No such study of prevalence of hemoglobinopathy in pregnant women from India is available. The study objectives were: to find the prevalence (genetic burden) of hemoglobin disorders in pregnant women belonging to urban setting; identify the communities at risk, and to determine the hematological profile of native pregnant women of coastal Odisha. A cross-sectional study of pregnant women visiting for antenatal care at two urban hospitals, Bhubaneswar and Berhampur in Coastal Odisha was investigated. A total of 178 pregnant women attending antenatal care check up at two urban hospitals in coastal Odisha were studied. Appropriate statistical tools were used for analysis of data. High prevalence of 13.5% for hemoglobin disorders was observed in urban pregnant women visiting two major hospitals in coastal Odisha. Mild to moderate anemia was recorded. Reduced values of hematological indices in women afflicted with hemoglobin disorders than the normal controls were noted. Major hemoglobinopathies detected were: β-thalassemia trait (5.6%), sickle cell trait (5.6%), hemoglobin E trait (1.1%), sickle cell-E-disease (0.6%), and hemoglobin H disease (0.6%). Mandatory awareness, comprehensive clinical management, and genetic/marriage counseling are highly essential to ameliorate the sufferings of afflicted pregnant women of coastal Odisha
Health Informatics, Sustainable Health Care Development and Malnutrition in India
No full textHealth informatics aims at studying the principal computer applications related to technology in developing human health care and solving the existing problems to facilitate efficient management. It helps in decision making process, hospital administration and system management and in catering the needs of clients/patients and doctors. However, the inadequacy of skilled manpower, resources and economy are the major hurdles to exploit the full potential of the technology and medical health facilities. Malnutrition and related causes are adversely affecting the nation from several angles. An integral approach would be able to mitigate the human sufferings
Hematological profile of twenty-nine tribal compound cases of hemoglobinopathies and G-6-PD deficiency in rural Orissa
Full text linkBackground: Hematogenetic disorders are commonly encountered in Orissa
state in Central-Eastern India. Hemoglobinopathies and G-6-PD
deficiency are the most frequently occurring hereditary hemolytic
disorders causing high morbidity and mortality in vulnerable people.
Aims: There is no study available reporting combined condition of
hemoglobinopathies and G-6-PD deficiency in a single individual from
India. This study aims to assess the coincidence of G-6-PD enzyme
deficiency with different hemoglobinopathies and β-thalassemia and
to evaluate the influence of combined conditions on the hematological
expression. Settings and Design: The study was carried out in rural
Orissa with a random sampling procedure. Materials and Methods:
Following the standard methodology and techniques, this study
highlights 29 tribal cases of compound occurrence of hemoglobinopathy
with G-6-PD deficiency in a randomly conducted study in Sundargarh
district of Orissa. Statistical Analysis: Results were subjected to
statistical analysis. Results: Both female heterozygotes and
homozygotes of G-6-PD deficiency in association with different
hemoglobinopathies showed reduced values of hematological indices:
hemoglobin level, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RBC in comparison to normals. Red
cell indices were found further reduced in male G-6-PD deficiency
concurrence with hemoglobinopathies in homozygous condition, i.e.
sickle cell disease (HbSS) or hemoglobin E disease (HbEE).
Hematological indices were significantly lower except WBC counts and
fetal hemoglobin in male G-6-PD deficiency with co-existing homozygous
sickle cell disease in comparison with counterpart sickle cell trait
and normal controls. Conclusions: Hemoglobin polymorphism with G-6-PD
deficiency is advantageous to the community against lethal effects of
malaria especially against Plasmodium falciparum at population level,
but their combination is harmful at the individual level because of low
levels of red cell indices to cope with the routine human physiology
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
