1,721,249 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Contribution to the study of composite materials with PP matrix and reinforced with plant fibers : from the fiber to the extruded automotive part
No full textCette thèse a été financée par l’équipementier automobile Cooper Standard afin de développer des éléments de pièces automobiles en polypropylène (PP) renforcés par des fibres végétales. Son objectif majeur est d’identifier les paramètres clés permettant l’obtention de composites performants pour ensuite les développer industriellement. Une grande diversité de parois végétales a été testée mécaniquement, étape primordiale pour l’analyse du comportement des composites. Les fibres sélectionnées ont ensuite été mélangées au PP et l’étude du compoundage a mis en évidence son impact sur les propriétés des futurs composites et la difficulté de mélanger des fibres végétales dans une matrice fondue. Les compounds PP/fibres végétales ont ensuite été transformés par extrusion et les travaux menés ont permis de développer des composites renforcés par des fibres de bois respectant le cahier des charges de Cooper Standard. Une comparaison entre l’injection et l’extrusion a souligné l’effet de la mise en œuvre sur les propriétés mécaniques et la microstructure des composites. Des composites modèles unidirectionnels renforcés par des fibres longues ont permis de comprendre les mécanismes de renforcement d’une matrice polypropylène par des fibres végétales de jute et de lin, et ont mis en évidence l’importance des propriétés mécaniques des constituants. Au contraire des composites injectés et renforcés par des fibres courtes de lin et de jute ont, eux, montré la prépondérance de la microstructure, par rapport aux performances des fibres, sur les propriétés mécaniques des piècesThis thesis was funded by the automotive supplier Cooper Standard to develop auto parts in polypropylene (PP) reinforced with plant fibers. Its major objective is to identify key parameters for obtaining high performance composites and then develop industrially. A great variety of plant cell walls was tested mechanically, critical step for the composite behavior analysis. The selected fibers were then mixed in PP and the study of compounding highlighted its impact on the properties of future composite and the difficulty of mixing plant fibers into a molten matrix. The compounds PP / vegetal fibers were then processed by extrusion and the work carried out has allowed the development of composite reinforced with wood fibers respecting the specifications of Cooper Standard. A comparison between extrusion molding and injection molding has showed the effect of molding process on mechanical properties and microstructure of composites. Unidirectional composites models reinforced with long fibers helped to understand the mechanisms of strengthening of a polypropylene matrix with jute and flax fibers, and highlighted the importance of constituents’ mechanical properties. Unlike injected composites and reinforced by short jute and flax fibers have them, showed the predominance of microstructure, compared with the performance of the fibers, on the mechanical properties of the parts
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Contribution to the multi-scale study of elementary flax fibres and xylem for composite material reinforcement
No full textIssu d’une agriculture française, le lin a de véritables atouts pour une utilisation comme renfort de matériaux composites, tels que les excellentes propriétés mécaniques spécifiques de ses fibres (tissu de soutien) et de nombreux co-produits dont les anas (tissus de conduction). Les anas représentent plus de 50 % de la biomasse produite suite au teillage dont la diversification de ses utilisations est une réelle problématique pour les teilleurs. L’approfondissement des connaissances sur les anas de lin est l’objet de la première partie, depuis leur origine comme tissu du xylème au sein des tiges de lin et jusqu’au renforcement de matériaux composites. Une étude microstructurale et des propriétés mécaniques des cellules du xylème de lin est menée, accompagnée de la caractérisation (granulométrique, biochimique, etc.) des anas suite à différents modes de broyage et comparativement à des poussières issues du teillage. Les propriétés mécaniques des composites injectés subséquemment réalisés sont ensuite analysées. Les conséquences des étapes de mise en œuvre sur la granulométrie des anas, la nature des co-produits ou encore des matrices thermoplastiques sont étudiées dans l’objectif de comprendre les mécanismes de renforcement des anas de lin. En deuxième partie, deux verrous sont analysés à l’échelle de la fibre unitaire : l’impact des conditions hygroscopiques sur l’organisation interne des microfibrilles de cellulose lors d’essais de traction par des mesures de diffraction aux rayons X (synchrotron Soleil), et enfin, les conséquences d’une maladie vasculaire, la verticilliose, sont étudiées sur les propriétés mécaniques des fibres et des parois végétales de lin.Coming from a local production in France, flax has genuine attributes for its use in composite materials, in particular due to the excellent specific mechanical properties of its fibres and to the numerous co-products resulting from its culture. Flax shives make up more than 50 % of the produced biomass following flax scutching, and the diversification in its uses is an important issue for scutching companies. A better understanding of flax shives from its origin as the stem’s xylem tissue to its use as composite reinforcement is the topic of this research. A microstructural and mechanical property analysis of the xylem cell walls is carried out, followed by the characterization of flax shives after different fragmentation modes in comparison with other co-products of flax scutching, dusts. The mechanical properties of the injection moulded composites reinforced with the various considered materials are then studied. The consequences of the processing steps on the flax shives granulometry are investigated, as well as the nature of the co-products or of the thermoplastic matrix used. The main goal is a better understanding of the reinforcing mechanisms of flax shives in injection moulded composites. At the scale of elementary fibres, two important bottlenecks are tackled. The consequences of various hygroscopic conditions on the internal organisation of cellulose microfibrils during tensile tests are studied by X-ray diffraction from Soleil synchrotron. Finally, the effects of a vascular disease caused by the Verticillium dahliae fungi is investigated on the mechanical properties of both cell walls and flax elementary fibres
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Contribution to the study of biocomposite materials with a thermoplastic matrix (Polyamide-11) and reinforced with flax fibers
No full textCette thèse de doctorat a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet Fiabilin, qui regroupe 15 partenaires industriels et académiques, et vise à structurer une filière industrielle de production de biocomposites polyamide-11/fibres de lin. Ces travaux ont pour objectif de déterminer des performances multi-échelles de ce composite 100% biosourcé, afin d’envisager son usage en substitution de composites pétrosourcés. Nous avons tout d’abord mis en évidence la sensibilité des fibres de lin aux cycles temps-température des procédés de mise en œuvre, tant du point de vue de leurs propriétés mécaniques que de leur structure biochimique. Ensuite, nous avons montré les capacités du système PA11-lin à produire des performances mécaniques en traction compétitives vis-à-vis d’autres composites pétrosourcés. La qualité de l’interface fibre/matrice du biocomposite a également été étudiée à différentes échelles, montrant une compatibilité supérieure à celles de systèmes lin-résines thermodurcissables. La fin de vie du composite PA11-lin a été envisagée à travers le recyclage par broyages et injections successives. Les propriétés mécaniques du biocomposite à fibres courtes ainsi obtenu sont semblables au composite PPgMA-lin, avec une déformation à rupture accrue et qui augmente significativement avec le nombre de recyclages. Une analyse des cycles de production de plusieurs composites révèle les plus faibles impacts environnementaux du PA11-lin lors d’un dimensionnement des pièces en rigidité équivalentes.This thesis has been carried out as part of the project Fiabilin, which includes 15 different academic and industrial partners, with an aim to develop industrial production of polyamide-11/flax biocomposite. The purpose of this work is to determine multi-scale performances of 100% biosourced composite, in order to substitute composite materials containing glass fibers and/or matrix derived from petroleum. First, we highlighted the flax fiber sensibility toward processing cycles (time and temperature), from mechanical and biochemical structure aspects. Then, we revealed the capacity of PA11-flax association to produce competitive mechanical properties compared to others usual composites. Fiber-matrix interface of the biocomposite was studied at micro and macro scales, showing a higher compatibility than some flax-thermoset resin systems. The end-of-life of the biocomposite was considered by recycling with successive grinding and injections. Then stiffness and strength at break of short fiber biocomposites thus obtained are similar to PPgMA-flax composites, whereas a strong increase of the strain at break according to the number of injection cycles was observed. A life cycle analysis of some composites production steps shows lower environmental impacts of PA11-flax when sizing was made through equivalent material stiffness
Contribution to the study of some parameters influencing the mechanical properties of elementary flax fibers : Correlation with the properties of composite materials.
No full textCes travaux de doctorat ont été menés dans le cadre d'un contrat CIFRE entre l'entreprise Van Robaeys Frères, l'UBS et l'IFREMER. Les travaux visent à mieux comprendre certains paramètres influençant les propriétés de fibres de lin et celles de matériaux composites. Nous avons tout d'abord mis en évidence l'influence du degré de rouissage du lin sur les propriétés mécaniques des fibres de lin et celles de matériaux composites injectés lin/polypropylène. Ensuite, à l'aide d'une étude comparative, nous avons montré qu'il est possible de réaliser des matériaux composites unidirectionnels aux propriétés mécaniques très proches à partir de filasse ou d'étoupes de lin. Puis, l'influence de l'architecture de trois renforts non tissés de lin sur les propriétés mécaniques de composites à matrice thermoplastique a été soulignée. L'anisotropie des propriétés mécaniques de ces matériaux a été mise en évidence. Enfin, la connaissance des propriétés mécaniques de fibres de lin produites par l'entreprise Van Robaeys Frères a été approfondie. On note une relation directe entre les propriétés mécaniques des fibres et celles de composites à renfort unidirectionnel. La relation est plus complexe dans le cas de composites injectés à fibres courtes.This research study has been carried out during a CIFRE joint project between the Van Robaeys Frères Company, UBS and IFREMER. The work aims to improve understanding of the properties of both flax fibres and composite materials reinforced with flax.First, the influence of the degree of retting of flax fibers on the tensile properties of single fibers and short fiber/polypropylene composites has been shown.Then, the properties of scutched flax and flax tow were compared. We have shown that it is possible to reach similar tensile properties for unidirectional composite materials manufactured from the two products.Moreover, the influence of three different flax nonwoven reinforcements on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic matrix composites was studied. These materials were found to show anisotropy of tensile properties.Finally, the mechanical properties of the flax fibres processed by the Van Robaeys Frères Company were examined. A straightforward relationship was found between the tensile properties of the fibres and the tensile properties of unidirectional composite materials. The relationship is more complex for short fibre injected composites
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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