1,720,982 research outputs found
Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
No full textFaba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important cool season food legume, rich in protein and essential micronutrients. It plays a critical role in improving land structure and contributing to wild pollinator maintenance. It was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent of the Near East and spread to more than 60 countries with diverse agroecology around the world. Despite its nutritional value and adaptability, faba bean cultivation faces challenges, including biotic and abiotic stresses, reducing cultivation areas in various countries. Conservation efforts, notably by organizations like the ICARDA Gene Bank, have preserved diverse genetic resources, ensuring the genetic resilience of this valuable crop. These genetic repositories are invaluable for breeding programmes, enabling the development of high-yielding and stress-resistant varieties. Despite the historical limited funding provided to faba bean, the research on crop improvement and agronomy led to a substantial increase in its yield. Moreover, to achieve higher productivity in the farming field, modern tools were developed to ensure higher genetic gains and faster release of cultivars. These include speed breeding with four generations per year, and the discoveries of single nucleotide polymorphism markers which are key achievements towards the development of marker-assisted selection techniques
Wide range of genetic variation lentil diversity panel for agronomic and yield component traits in multi-location trial.in lentil diversity panel under diverse environments
No full textLentil (Lens culinaris) is a nutritionally and agronomically important legume crop, valued for its protein-rich seeds and its contribution to sustainable farming systems. To better exploit natural genetic variation, identify key agronomic and yield-related traits, accelerate genetic improvement, and address major challenges such as climate change, disease resistance, and yield stability, the development of a well-phenotyped diversity panel is essential. In this study, a total of 294 lentil accessions were evaluated at two ICARDA research stations: Terbol, Lebanon, and Marchouch, Morocco, during the 2023–24 growing season. The experiments were laid out in an alpha lattice design with two replications at each location. Several agronomic and yield component traits were recorded at both sites. Spatial row and column analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among accessions for all measured traits in both environments (p < 0.001), indicating substantial phenotypic variability. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into six clusters at Marchouch and four clusters at Terbol, reflecting differences in trait expression across environments. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first three principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) explained 73.68% and 61.9% of the total variation at Marchouch and Terbol, respectively. Grain yield per plant (GYPO) and biomass per plant (BYPO) contributed the largest share of variation at both locations. At Terbol, PC1 (33.3%) was strongly associated with GYPO and BYPO, while at Marchouch, PC1 (26.48%) also showed strong associations with these traits. These results demonstrate considerable phenotypic diversity within the evaluated lentil panel and provide a valuable foundation for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and marker-assisted selection in lentil breeding programs
Evaluation of performance and stability of new sources for tolerance to post-emergence herbicides in lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik.)
No full textYield losses in lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik.) caused by weeds are estimated at 20–80%. In the absence of effective broad-spectrum herbicides, the menace of weed has emerged as a serious yield constraint in lentil. Aims. Identification of tolerance to two broad-spectrum post emergence herbicides, imazethapyr and metribuzin. Methods. 221 lentil accessions were screened at the experimentalresearch station of the International Centerfor Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Terbol (Lebanon) over four crop seasons (2014/15–2018/19). During the 2014/15 season, a preliminary screening experiment was conducted with 221 lentil accessions in an alpha lattice design with two replications, where accessions were treated at the pre-flowering stage at 150% of the recommended dose of imazethapyr (112.5 g active ingredient/ha) or metribuzin (315 g active ingredient/ha). Based on the preliminary results, 38 accessions were selected for further evaluation. In subsequent testing, the selected accessions were screened at 100% and 150% of the recommended doses of imazethapyr or metribuzin. Key results. Herbicide treatments delayed the flowering time and maturation of tested lentil accessions. The plant height of selected tolerant accessions was reduced by 15% and 8% in the plots treated by imazethapyr and metribuzin, respectively. Reduction index (RIsy) was an effective tool to select for herbicide tolerance. Stability analysis indicated that two accessions (IG4400 and IG5722) performed under high rainfall environments while two other accessions (IG323 and IG4605) were adapted to low rainfall environments. Conclusions. Four accessions (IG323, IG5722, IG4400, IG4605) were identified as independently tolerant to metribuzin and imazethapyr. Implications. The identified herbicide-tolerant accessions can be used to develop herbicide-tolerant cultivars
Identification of novel genes associated with herbicide tolerance in Lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik.)
No full textWeeds pose a major constraint in lentil cultivation, leading to decrease farmers’ revenues by reducing the yield and increasing the management costs. The development of herbicide tolerant cultivars is essential to increase lentil yield. Even though herbicide tolerant lines have been identified in lentils, breeding efforts are still limited and lack proper validation. Marker assisted selection (MAS) can increase selection accuracy at early generations. Total 292 lentil accessions were evaluated under different dosages of two herbicides, metribuzin and imazethapyr, during two seasons at Marchouch, Morocco and Terbol, Lebanon. Highly significant differences among accessions were observed for days to flowering (DF) and maturity (DM), plant height (PH), biological yield (BY), seed yield (SY), number of pods per plant (NP), as well as the reduction indices (RI) for PH, BY, SY and NP. A total of 10,271 SNPs markers uniformly distributed along the lentil genome were assayed using Multispecies Pulse SNP chip developed at Agriculture Victoria, Melbourne. Meta-GWAS analysis was used to detect marker-trait associations, which detected 125 SNPs markers associated with different traits and clustered in 85 unique quantitative trait loci. These findings provide valuable insights for initiating MAS programs aiming to enhance herbicide tolerance in lentil crop
Mapeo por Asociación de tolerancia a herbicidas en lenteja para tolerancia a herbicidas
Full text linkCool Season grain legumes are vulnerable to the presence of weeds, resulting in significant yield and economic losses all over the world annually. Among these legumes, lentil crop (Lens culinaris ssp.) is one of the most susceptible crops to this biotic stress leading potentially to 100% losses in some cases. To lessen and to cease the impact of this problem, herbicide application is considered as the most effective tool. However, optimal control of weeds requires a post-emergence application of herbicides which leads to severe phytotoxicity symptoms in lentil crop. Hence, post-emergence tolerance in lentil crops has become mandatory. Additionally, the overreliance on the application of the same herbicide in a cropping system led to the occurrence of weed resistance against herbicides. Thus, for an optimal chemical control of weeds, the selection for tolerance to at least two herbicides applied alternatively in post-emergence stage has become crucial.
Therefore, a set of 221 lentil accessions were screened at the experimental research station of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Terbol (Lebanon) over four crop seasons (2014/15–2018/19). The preliminary screening of 221 lentil accessions during 2014/15 season, at 150% of the recommended dose of imazethapyr (112.5 g active ingredient/ha (g a.i./ha)) or metribuzin (315 g a.i./ha /ha) resulted in the selection of 38 accessions. These selected lines were screened at 100% and 150% of the recommended doses of imazethapyr or metribuzin. Based on the phenological, and yield components data and the stability analysis, four accessions were found independently tolerant to metribuzin and imazethapyr; two of them (IG4400 and IG323) adapted to high rainfall environments and two others (IG5722 and IG4605) adapted to low rainfall environments.
Additionally, to enhance the selection process of a breeding program, the adaptability and stability of 42 lentil accessions with different degrees of tolerance to imazethapyr and metribuzin were investigated using five stability parameters under eight different environments from 2015 to 2019, under three herbicide treatments imazethapyr: 75 (g a.i. ha-1); metribuzin: 210 (g a.i. ha-1) and without herbicide treatment at two locations; Marchouch, Morocco and Terbol, Lebanon. In this study, the adopted stability parameters are Cultivar Superiority, Finlay–Wilkinson, Shukla, Static Stability, and Wricke’s Ecovalence and each environment is the result of the interaction of seasons, locations, and herbicide treatments. Results showed that Genotype–Environment (GE) interaction was found significant for days to flowering (DF), days to maturity (DM), and seed yield per plant (SY). The tested accessions were ranked differently confirming that the adaptability and stability of a group of lentil accessions should be studied using a combination of stability parameters. GGE biplot of the SY trait showed that cool and high rainfall environments are ideal for testing the agronomic performance of tolerant accessions and IG70056(38) was identified as a superior line having a high and stable yield across environments.
Finally, to identify marker traits associated with herbicide tolerance, the meta-GWAS analysis was deployed using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). A set of 292 lentil accessions were genotyped and phenotyped under different dosages of metribuzin and imazethapyr, during two seasons at Marchouch, Morocco and Terbol, Lebanon. A total of 10271 SNPs markers uniformly distributed along the lentil genome were assayed using Multispecies Pulse SNP chip developed at Agriculture Victoria, Melbourne. 36 SNPs were detected highly associated with phenological and yield components traits under herbicide treatments and eighteen of them were located within the genes. Moreover, gene annotation showed that four SNPs of Peptide/nitrate transporter type I/II extracellular region ABC transporter related, Allantoinase / Dihydroorotase, Biotin carboxyl carrier acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and Myelodysplasia-myeloid leukemia factor 1-interacting protein were found to be highly significantly associated with herbicide tolerance traits. The identified SNPs could be used to promote marker assisted selection programs which will enhance and facilitate selections for herbicide tolerance in lentil crop.Las leguminosas son muy vulnerables a la infestación de malas hierbas, lo que resulta en importantes pérdidas económicas y de rendimiento en todo el mundo anualmente. Entre ellas, destaca la lenteja (Lens culinaris) por las graves pérdidas que puede sufrir. El control con herbicidas de post-emergencia es complicado, debido a la baja tolerancia a los herbicidas disponibles que causan problemas de fitotoxicidad. Además, el desarrollo de resistencia a estos herbicidas en las malas hierbas hace necesario la rotación de herbicidas. Por lo tanto, para un control químico óptimo de malas hierbas en lenteja es recomendable la selección de tolerancia a al menos dos herbicidas aplicados alternativamente en la etapa de postemergencia. Para resolver esta problemática se plantearon tres objetivos principales en este estudio:
1) identificar variabilidad para tolerancias a dos herbicidas de amplio espectro (imazetapir y metribuzina) aplicados en postemergencia.
2) evaluar el rendimiento y la estabilidad del rendimiento de las líneas seleccionadas tolerantes a herbicidas en diferentes ambientes, para identificar el ambiente ideal para la selección y el genotipo ganador ideal que tenga un alto rendimiento medio y una alta estabilidad en todos los ambientes.
3) identificar marcadores moleculares (SNP) asociados significativamente con la tolerancia a imazetapir y metribuzina mediante meta-GWAS. Esto nos ayudará a localizar el gen de la tolerancia y descifrar las asociaciones y mecanismos de tolerancia a herbicidas entre los marcadores SNPs detectados en las regiones genómicas y los rasgos fenotípicos.
Las evaluaciones se realizaron en campo sembrando un conjunto de 221 genotipos de lenteja en ICARDA (Centro Internacional de Investigación Agrícola en las Zonas Áridas), Terbol (Líbano), durante cuatro campañas agrícolas consecutivas (2014/15–2018/19). En la primera campaña (2014/15) se hizo una selección preliminar usando el 150% de la dosis recomendada de imazetapir (112,5 g de ingrediente activo/ha (g ia/ha) o de metribuzina (315 g ia/ha/ha), lo que permitió identificar 38 genotipos prometedores. Estos fueron después estudiados usando el 100% y 150% de las dosis recomendadas de imazetapir o metribuzina. Con base en los datos de los componentes fenológicos y de rendimiento y el análisis de estabilidad, se encontraron cuatro genotipos tolerantes, a ambos herbicidas, dos de ellos (IG4400 e IG323) adaptados a ambientes de alta precipitación y otros dos (IG5722 e IG4605) adaptados a ambientes de baja precipitación.
Además, para mejorar el proceso de selección de un programa de mejora, se investigó la adaptabilidad y estabilidad de 42 accesiones de lentejas con diferentes grados de tolerancia a imazetapir y metribuzina utilizando cinco parámetros de estabilidad en ocho ambientes diferentes de 2015 a 2019, bajo tres tratamientos con herbicidas imazetapir: 75 (g ia/ha); metribuzina: 210 (g ia/ha) y sin tratamiento herbicida en dos localidades; Marchouch, Marruecos y Terbol, Líbano. En este estudio, los parámetros de estabilidad adoptados fueron la Superioridad del Cultivar, Finlay-Wilkinson, Shukla, Estabilidad Estática y Ecovalencia de Wricke, siendo cada ambiente el resultado de la interacción de estaciones, ubicaciones y tratamientos herbicidas. Los resultados mostraron que la interacción Genotipo-Ambiente (GE) fue significativa para los días hasta la floración (DF), los días hasta la madurez (DM) y el rendimiento de semillas por planta (SY). Las muestras probadas se clasificaron de manera diferente, lo que confirma que la adaptabilidad y estabilidad de un grupo de muestras de lentejas deben estudiarse utilizando una combinación de parámetros de estabilidad. El biplot GGE del rasgo SY mostró que los ambientes frescos y con abundantes precipitaciones son ideales para probar el desempeño agronómico de accesiones tolerantes y se identificó IG70056(38) como una línea superior que tiene un rendimiento alto y estable en todos los ambientes.
Finalmente, se identificaron los rasgos marcadores asociados con la tolerancia a herbicidas mediante análisis meta-GWAS. Para ello se genotiparon y fenotiparon un conjunto de 292 genotipos de lenteja bajo diferentes dosis de metribuzina e imazetapir, durante dos temporadas en Marchouch (Marruecos) y Terbol (Líbano). Se analizaron un total de 10271 marcadores SNP distribuidos uniformemente a lo largo del genoma de la lenteja utilizando el chip Multispecies Pulse SNP desarrollado en Agriculture Victoria, Melbourne. Se detectaron 36 SNPs altamente asociados con rasgos de componentes fenológicos y de rendimiento bajo tratamientos con herbicidas y dieciocho de ellos estaban ubicados dentro de los genes. Además, la anotación genética mostró que cuatro SNPs de la región extracelular tipo I/II del transportador de péptido/nitrato relacionado con el transportador ABC, la alantoinasa/dihidroorotasa, la acetil-CoA carboxilasa portadora de biotina carboxilo y la proteína que interactúa con el factor 1 de mielodisplasia-leucemia mieloide eran altamente significativamente asociado con rasgos de tolerancia a herbicidas. Los SNPs identificados podrían usarse para promover programas de selección asistida por marcadores que mejorarán y facilitarán las selecciones para la tolerancia a herbicidas en el cultivo de lentejas
Identification of faba bean lines tolerant to high dosage of Glyphosate
No full textOrobanche'crenata' Forsk is a parasitic weed that invades faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the North Africa, East Africa and the Middle East. Several control methods including chemital, mechanical, cultural and even induction of resistance in faba beans have been developed. Presently, an integration approach involving chemical control by glyphosate fN-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] and varietafresistance is the most effective technique. However, phyotoxicity slnrrptoms accorpanied by significant yield losses have been reported on faba beans at the recommended dose (200 g a.i.lha).In this study, we evaluated tolerance of 290 mutagenized faba bean lines against three glyphosate treatments; T 1 : 8d0 g a.i.lha; T2: 1200 g a.i.lha; T3: 1600 ga.i.lha under field conditions at the flowering stage. The experimental design used was augmented design with three replicate checks every 9 lines. Observations were recorded on chlorosis, rolling of apical leaves, reduced growth, lower number of pods and mortality. Some of the mutant lines showed very high tolerance against tested doses of glyphosate; 66 mutant lines against 800 g a.i.lha, 22 againsl 1200 g ai.Aa and 2l ar 1600 g a.i.lha of glyphosat€. Two mutant lines, Mu-3 8 and Mu-41 8 showed tolerance at the three tested doses of gllphosate in terms of growth and seed yield
Assessing the Stability of Herbicide-Tolerant Lentil Accessions (Lens culinaris Medik.) under Diverse Environments
No full textAssessing the adaptability and stability of herbicide-tolerant lentil accessions to two broad-spectrum post-emergence herbicides in multi-environment trials has become a must in a breeding program to improve its selection. The adaptability and stability of 42 herbicide-tolerant lentil accessions were investigated using five stability parameters under eight different environments. Significant Genotype–Environment (GE) interaction was found for days to flowering (DFLR), days to maturity (DMAT), and seed yield per plant (SY). The analyzed stability parameters such as Cultivar superiority, Finlay–Wilkinson, Shukla, Static Stability, and Wricke’s Ecovalence ranked the tested accessions differently, confirming the importance of using a combination of stability parameters when evaluating the performance of a group of accessions. GGE biplot of the SY trait accounted for 60.79% of sums of squares of the GE interaction and showed that cool and high rainfall environments are ideal for testing the agronomic performance of tolerant accessions. The GGE biplot of SY showed that IG4605(19), IG195(6), and IG156635(12) were specifically adapted to one mega environment, whereas IG70056(38) was identified as a superior line having a high and stable yield. These lines should be included in lentil crossing programs to develop herbicide-tolerant cultivars adapted to diverse environments
Phenolic profile of whole seeds and seed fractions of lentils and its impact on antioxidant activity
Full text linkSeed color and size are the major traits influencing consumer's acceptability and market class of lentils worldwide. In this paper we assessed the in vitro antioxidant capacity of whole seeds, hulls, and cotyledons of five lentil varieties in relation to their phenolic profile. The samples were evaluated for total polyphenol content and different phenolic classes, such as condensed tannin content, total monomeric anthocyanins, and phenolic acids. Individual phenolic compounds, including flavonols, flavanols, flavones, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids, were further quantitatively investigated by HPLC-DAD. Total antioxidant capacity was evaluated by ABTS and ORAC assays, and a direct measurement (ABTSdir) was used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the bioactive compounds present in the whole-meal flours without extraction. The five genotypes showed considerable variations in their phenolic content and profile as well as antioxidant activities. The results showed a preferential accumulation of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity in the hulls compared to cotyledons. Delphinidin and cyanidin were the most abundant flavonoids in the hulls, while epicatechin and catechin were the most concentrated in the cotyledons. A highly significant correlation was observed between ABTS, ORAC and ABTSdir and total polyphenols. The antioxidant capacities were highly correlated with several individual phenolics detected in hulls and cotyledons. The overall results showed that the lentil fractions and extracts with higher phenolics had also higher antiradical activity which was independent on seed size and color. Identifying lentil genotypes with diverse phenolic profile in cotyledons and whole seeds could meet diverse consumers preferences and health requirements
Optimization of planting time and population density for short duration lentil
No full textLentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a major food legume crop grown in rotation with cereal crops in South Asia, West Asia and North Africa (WANA), and Sub-Saharan Africa regions. In WANA region, lentil is also grown in spring season in order to avoid extreme cold, ascochyta blight and heavy weed infestation often encountered in winter sown crops. Farmers prefer short duration varieties in spring season to avoid the rising temperature and depleting soil moisture. To realize the potential yield of short duration varieties in spring season, crop-specific agronomy including the time of planting, population density and input management is required. Keeping this in mind, the present study was conducted at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Terbol, Lebanon to assess the effect of planting season and population density in short duration lentil genotypes. The treatments consisted of two planting dates (1st FN December and 1st FN February), seven short duration genotypes (LIRL22-46, ILL590, ILL6994, ILL10810, ILL10812, ILL6002, and ILL4605) and three plant densities (66, 100, 133 plants m-2). The results of two years (2014-15 and 2015-16) showed that the effect of planting season was significant on all the agronomic traits. The mean plant height and seed yield in winter planting were significantly higher than spring across all the genotypes, so that mean seed yield decreased by 69% from 1074 to 325 kg ha-1 with the delay in planting from 1st FN of December to 1st FN of February. Genotypes ILL590 recorded higher mean seed yield (985 kg ha-1) than local check, ILL4605. Lentil genotypes LIRL-22-46 and ILL590 matured earlier than local lentil genotype. Similarly, seed yield increased by 54% as plant density increased from 66 to 133 plants m-2. The interactions among planting date, genotypes and plant density showed non-significant for all parameters. However, maximum seed yield with 1600 kg ha-1 was recorded in winter planted ILL590 genotypes at higher density (133 plants m-2). These results indicated that variety specific agronomic practices need to be evaluated and identified for maximising yield potential of short duration lentil cultivars
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