1,720,958 research outputs found
HealthyFarm: providing a Precision Livestock Farming solution within the process of digital transformation in agriculture
No full textDigital technologies can support farmers in providing safe, sustainable and quality food and improving their working conditions. The Healthy Farm project foresees the creation of an animal welfare assessment methodology that includes both measurements on animals and on the farm environment by means of innovative IoT – Internet of Things - devices. In South-Tyrol the welfare control of animals is a significant problem, especially in inaccessible areas. The project provides for a close and active collaboration between three actors, ORMA Solutions, Eurac Research and Padua University, collaborating in the development of an advanced precision livestock farming (PLF) solution, which considers to (i) optimize an existing algorithm to infer wellness of animals from their behavior and rumen motility, (ii) identify the sensing technologies and the solutions that will need to be developed in order to (iii) have the final PLF solution applicable to the most common types of dairy cow and cattle farming (e.g. loose housing, pasture, etc).Unbalanced diets fed to ruminants, with particular reference to cattle, frequently cause metabolic disorders, characterized by altered rumen motility and digestive system dysfunction, which lead to a drop in productions and sometimes even to death. The continuous detection of some physiological parameters will allow the prevention or therapeutic intervention in the early stages of disease, thus improving the healing rate and reducing health care costs. The solution that is created during the project will be sized on the specific case of dairy and beef cattle farms, and can then be extended at the end of the project to other types of farms. Collection and analysis of data is essential to allow the further development of the PLF system and, at the end of the project, it will allow to identify the benefits of this solution and to extend its applicability to other farming systems. In addition, the platform created (based on open source standards) will be made available to other SMEs initiatives to allow the development of further applications for precision farming (or Smart farming) and to implement the strategy of European policy context regarding the process of digitization in agricultur
Machine learning to detect posture and behavior in dairy cows: Information from an accelerometer on the animal’s left flank
Full text linkThe aim of the present study was to develop a model to identify posture and behavior from data collected by a triaxial accelerometer located on the left flank of dairy cows and evaluate its accuracy and precision. Twelve Italian Red‐and‐White lactating cows were equipped with an accelerometer and observed on average for 136 ± 29 min per cow by two trained operators as a reference. The acceleration data were grouped in time windows of 8 s overlapping by 33.0%, for a total of 35133 rows. For each row, 32 different features were extracted and used by machine learning algorithms for the classification of posture and behavior. To build up a predictive model, the dataset was split in training and testing datasets, characterized by 75.0 and 25.0% of the observations, respectively. Four algorithms were tested: Random Forest, K Nearest Neighbors, Extreme Boosting Algorithm (XGB), and Support Vector Machine. The XGB model showed the best accuracy (0.99) and Cohen’s kappa (0.99) in predicting posture, whereas the Random Forest model had the highest overall accuracy in predicting behaviors (0.76), showing a balanced accuracy from 0.96 for resting to 0.77 for moving. Overall, very accurate detection of the posture and resting behavior were achieved
Dental water jet efficacy in the plaque control of orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliance : a randomized controlled trial
Full text linkDifferent studies assess the role of fixed orthodontic appliances in supragingival plaque accumulation. In patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances a good management of oral hygiene is required in order to prevent complication like as decay, enamel demineralization, gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia and periodontitis. The aim of this Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is to evaluate the efficacy of the use of a DWJ in patients under orthodontic treatment with fixed multibracket appliance. The study design was single-blinded RCT with a split mouth protocol. Each patient followed a personal cleaning protocol using a DWJ in addition to traditional brushing only on one side while just brushing on the control side. The side on which was decided to use the DWJ was chosen randomly and the dental hygienist who took the measurements was blind. Plaque and gingival indexes were evaluated at baseline and at one, three and six-months follow-up. It did not emerge any difference in the plaque and gingival indexes trend between the two groups. Patients initially reported an worsening of the indexes at one month evaluation, then they set at baseline levels at three and six months. The dental water jet does not improve significantly the efficacy of home oral hygiene in orthodontic patients wearing a multi-bracket fixed appliance. Patients did not show the traditional worsening during the whole orthodontic therapy
Association between teeth agenesis and Angle's classes in an Italian population
No full textBACKGROUND: Teeth agenesis or hypodontia consists of the developmental absence of one or more teeth. Many studies confirm that this condition is almost frequent in general population; the prevalence reported is between 2.7% and 11.3%. This condition shows a multifactorial etiology: genetic factors, hereditary factors, environmental factors, local or general infective processes, radiations, drugs and traumas. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the prevalence of tooth agenesis in a sample of orthodontic healthy patients considering each Angle malocclusion. METHODS: Nine hundred patients from a University clinic and three private practices were analyzed through intra and extra oral photographs, orthodontic study casts, panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms. The following inclusion criteria were applied: non-syndromic patients, without previous orthodontic, prosthetic treatment or extractions. Patients’ clinical data consisted in general and dental anamnesis, intra and extra oral photographs, orthodontic study casts, digital panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms. The whole sample was divided into four groups (A-B-C-D) in relation with Angle’s malocclusion and dental agenesis registered. RESULTS: The whole sample presented a mean prevalence of the condition of 8.80%. Class II/2 is the most affected malocclusion with 20.37% of the patients affected by the condition, followed by class III (11.19%), class II/2 (8.05%) and class I (6.62%). The χ2 test demonstrated a statistically significant different distribution of the condition between the four groups (P value =0.0059). The four groups presented also different patterns of missing teeth. CONCLUSIONS: We found a significantly different distribution of the condition in the different malocclusions with class II/2 presenting the higher prevalence of tooth agenesis (20.37%). The most frequent teeth affected by agenesis in the entire sample are respectively: mandibular second premolars (32.40%), followed by the maxillary lateral incisors (27.70%) and the maxillary second premolars (15.50%)
Vestibular and lingual orthodontics: Experimental study on plaque and blood indexes
No full textBACKGROUND: In patients with fixed orthodontic treatment, good oral hygiene management is important to prevent complications such as caries, enamel demineralization, white spots, gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia and periodontitis. The aim of this experimental study is to compare the plaque and gingival indexes in patients with labial or lingual appliances. METHODS: Twenty patients with a mean age of 27±-4.95 years were selected; ten patients (eight females and two males) between 17 and 39 years were fitted with a labial appliance while ten patients (nine females and one male) between 16 e 36 years were fitted with a lingual appliance. The dental hygienist made an evaluation using the plaque index and the gingival index, motivated and instructed the patients with labial and lingual devices to perform correct home oral hygiene. The timepoint were the following: T0 before the bonding, T1 one month after the bonding, T2 three months after the bonding, T3 six months after the bonding. RESULTS: In the vestibular appliance at T0, the plaque index is significantly lower than the lingual device, but the bleeding index is significantly higher. Moreover, in both treatments, an increase in the parameters from T0 to T1, T2 and T3 was confirmed, and in the latter a linear increase trend both in the plaque index and in the gingival index can be observed. CONCLUSIONS: The plaque and bleeding index increase gradually from T0 to T3, but there is no significant difference between the vestibular and lingual appliances
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Prevalence and patterns of tooth agenesis in Angle class II division 2 malocclusion in Italy: A case-control study
No full textObjective: The aim of this case-control retrospective study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of tooth agenesis in a group of Italian Caucasian test subjects with Class II division 2 malocclusion. The findings were then compared with an Italian control group of orthodontic patients and with previous studies performed in other countries. Material and method: Six hundred patients (37 subjects with Angle Class II division 2 malocclusion and 563 orthodontic patients with other malocclusions), aged 7 or older, from the Orthodontic Department of University of Padua Dental Clinic were collected. For this investigation, two expert operators evaluated the Angle Class from dental casts, intraoral photographs and lateral cephalograms. Inclusion criteria for Class II division 2 were: U1-SN less than 90° and overbite > 3 mm. Tooth agenesis were assessed with digital panoramic radiographs. Third molars were excluded from the analysis. Descriptive analysis using absolute and relative frequencies were performed to check out the prevalence and pattern of tooth agenesis in the sample considered. The relative frequencies in each table were calculated as a percentage based from column total. Results: The prevalence of tooth agenesis in the Angle Class II division 2 group was 18.92%, while in the general population was 8.35%. This result was sufficient to demonstrate a significant difference between the two groups concerning the tooth agenesis prevalence (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of permanent tooth agenesis was more than 2 times higher in the Class II division 2 group rather than in the control group. No agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors was found in Class II division 2 group
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
