1,720,955 research outputs found
Metaspace, mobility and resistance: Understanding vendors’ movement pattern as a resistive strategy in Kano, Nigeria
No full textThe street vendor's (SV) potential mobility in subverting authorities' hegemony over public space has been theorised within the contexts of urban informality and resistance. Discussions mainly revolve around movement tactics as resistance strategy while evading arrests and confiscations. This negates SV agency and limits understanding mobility in resistance. Using Bunschoten's metaspace and Cresswell's aspects of mobility, this paper employs semi-structured interviews with mobile SV, road users and pedestrians in Kano (Nigeria), to describe vendors' mobile practices and how they delay hostility from the state. Observing the interplay between vendors, users and environment, this paper identifies four types of vendor movement: focused, targeted, sporadic and self-regulatory; and examines how vendors exploit Cresswell's speed and rhythm in challenging formal urban practice hegemony through continuous operation. The paper also describes how vendors' movement affects other actors' mobilities. Finally, the paper discusses urban design implications for integrating SV within city plans, setting out potential proposals
Energy efficiency in residential buildings using nano-wood composite materials
Get PDFWood is one of the conventional building materials in the world, due to its availability and sustainability in nature. The electric and thermal conductivity of wood have made it exceptional among the other conventional construction materials. Nevertheless, wood has deficiencies such as deterioration as a result of fungal and insect attack, vulnerability to fire and dimensional variability to water absorption. Nanotechnology has been in use in other scientific and technological fields for long period of time, but it is still fresh to some extent in architecture. When nanotechnology is applied to the conventional wood, a nono-wood composite will be produce with enhanced properties such as mechanical strength, fire resistance, durability, water immersion. This paper is aimed at examining how wood as a conventional building material can be enhanced using nanotechnology. It further consıders the conservation of energy in residential buildings through the building integrated nano-wood technology
Street vendors' adaptive strategies and the dynamic nature of urban space: Developing an integrative framework in Kano, Nigeria
No full textThis thesis attempts to develop a framework that integrates street vendors within the urbanscape. Spaces within the cities are increasingly becoming scares and valuable, resulting in increased competition for them. Coupled with the desire by city administrators and capital interest in create an ideal vision for a city, street vendors are, as a result, pushed away for potentially viable vending locations. However, as is in the global south, vendors are critical services provider to both the formal and informal sector. Additionally, the methods up till now employed to redress these gaps are falling short. Different approached have been taken, such as the design/planning approach, the inclusivity/people/procedural approach, the organisational approach. All have set out strategies for incorporating street vendors, from the mundanity spatial allocation, rethinking vending instrument design, to suggesting urban planning/design process. Despite their attempts, hostile actions and evictions have continued, emphasising their ineffectiveness at integration. Conversely, the number of vendors is increasing despite hostilities. This has created a vicious circle, one counterproductive to the cities, vendors, and users. Within this regard, set to create an alternative, integrative framework informed by the everyday experience of vendors, and the perception of professional and urban users. Taking Kano as a site of investigation, three streets (MM-Way, DEL and SSA) were selected using space syntax methods in conjunction with other qualitative criteria. Street vendors' (ambulatory and non-ambulatory) behavioural mapping was conducted to ascertain the categories and type of vending activities along each street, as well as study their spatial practices and external influences exerted on them. In the philosophical tradition of constructivism, vendors selected through snowball sampling were interviewed and thematically analysed to gain more in-depth knowledge into their adaptive strategies while operating. Users and professional views were sought out to establish the perception of each group towards street vending within the city. The result showed views in a converging, diverging and equivalence range among users and professional. This is translated as an opportunity for co-opting allies. Combining the date with literature regarding integrative approaches, a multidisciplinary framework was developed that placed street vendor's spatial techniques as the entry frame for proposing integration into new and existing geographies. A combination of the result shows that the framework can act as a retrofit, the views espoused by the participant as gauges in evaluating the diversity of participation processes while avoiding tokenism. Finally, street vendors design adaptions were domesticated within the resistance narrative complementary to the conceptions developed within urban sociology.Bu tez, sokak satıcılarını urbanscape ile bütünleştiren bir çerçeve geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır. Şehirlerin içindeki alanlar giderek daha korkutucu ve değerli hale geliyor, bu da onlar için artan rekabetle sonuçlanıyor. Şehir yöneticilerinin arzusu ve bir şehir için ideal bir vizyon yaratma arzusuyla birleştiğinde, sokak satıcıları, sonuç olarak, potansiyel olarak uygulanabilir satış yerleri için itiliyor. Bununla birlikte, küresel güneyde olduğu gibi, satıcılar hem resmi hem de gayri resmi sektör için kritik hizmet sağlayıcılarıdır. Ek olarak, bu boşlukları kapatmak için şimdiye kadar uygulanan yöntemler yetersiz kalıyor. Tasarım / planlama yaklaşımı, kapsayıcılık / insanlar / prosedür yaklaşımı, örgütsel yaklaşım gibi farklı yaklaşımlar benimsenmiştir. Hepsi, sokak satıcılarını, gündelik mekansal tahsisattan, otomat enstrüman tasarımını yeniden düşünmeye ve kentsel planlama / tasarım sürecini önermeye kadar dahil etmek için stratejiler belirlemiştir. Tüm girişimlerine rağmen, entegrasyondaki etkisizliklerini vurgulayan düşmanca eylemler ve tahliyeler devam etti. Tersine, düşmanlıklara rağmen satıcıların sayısı artıyor. Bu, şehirlere, satıcılara ve kullanıcılara ters etki eden bir kısır döngü yarattı. Bu bağlamda, satıcıların günlük deneyimlerinden ve profesyonel ve şehirli kullanıcıların algısından bilgilendirilen alternatif, bütünleştirici bir çerçeve oluşturmaya ayarlayın. Kano bir araştırma alanı olarak alınarak, diğer nitel kriterlerle birlikte uzay sözdizimi yöntemleri kullanılarak üç cadde (MM-Way, DEL ve SSA) seçildi. Sokak satıcılarının (ambulatuvar ve ambulatuvar olmayan) davranışsal haritalaması, her bir cadde boyunca otomat faaliyetlerinin kategorilerini ve türlerini belirlemek, ayrıca mekansal uygulamalarını ve üzerlerine uygulanan dış etkileri incelemek için yapıldı. Felsefi yapılandırmacılık geleneğinde, kartopu örneklemesi yoluyla seçilen satıcılarla mülakatlar yapıldı ve çalışma sırasında uyarlanabilir stratejileri hakkında daha derinlemesine bilgi edinmek için tematik olarak analiz edildi. Her bir grubun şehir içinde satışta satışa yönelik algısını oluşturmak için kullanıcılar ve profesyonel görüşler araştırıldı. Sonuç, kullanıcılar ve profesyoneller arasında yakınsayan, uzaklaşan ve denklik aralığında görüşler gösterdi. Bu, müttefiklerle işbirliği yapmak için bir fırsat olarak çevrilir. Tarihi, bütünleştirici yaklaşımlarla ilgili literatürle birleştirerek, sokak satıcısının mekansal tekniklerini yeni ve mevcut coğrafyalara entegrasyonu önermek için giriş çerçevesi olarak yerleştiren çok disiplinli bir çerçeve geliştirildi. Sonuçların bir kombinasyonu, çerçevenin bir güçlendirme işlevi görebileceğini, katılımcı tarafından belirteççilikten kaçınırken katılım süreçlerinin çeşitliliğinin değerlendirilmesinde ölçüt olarak benimsenen görüşler olduğunu göstermektedir. Son olarak, sokak satıcılarının tasarım uyarlamaları, kentsel sosyolojide geliştirilen kavramları tamamlayan direnç anlatısı içinde evcilleştirildi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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