184,890 research outputs found
PET imaging follows distribution of PA-BaL-<sup>64</sup>Cu after oral viral challenge.
No full textFour animals were orally challenged with PA-GFP-BaL-64Cu. Two animals were sacrificed two hours post challenge and another two four hours post challenge, and the oral cavity and entire GI tract removed in one piece. The tissues were cut into pieces, frozen, cryosectioned, and prepared for fluorescent microscopy. A,B) Representative PET images of neonates after oral viral challenge with PA-GFP-BaL-64Cu. Scale in Standard Uptake Value (SUV) (A) Whole body PET images at two and four hours post-oral challenge. B) PET image overlayed on photograph of 25 individual tissue blocks from oral mucosa and GI tract four hours post-challenge. C) Representative fluorescent microscopy image showing individual HIV virions (red puncta indicated by arrows) penetrating the tongue of an animal that received PA-BaL-64Cu at two hours post-challenge. Green–pre-activation, Red–post-activation (virion), Blue–Hoechst. White arrow indicates virion shown in inset; grey arrows indicate other virions in the micrograph.</p
IL-33 and RANTES( Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) in BAL Fluid in Asthma Patients Without Cigarette Smoking
No full textBackground:Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been reported to play important roles in thepathogenesis of bronchial asthma. However, no criteria for the classification of `smoker' and `atopic' in bronchialasthma have been defined. In this study, we compared the levels of several cytokines found in thebronchoalveolar lavage( BAL) fluid of patients classified as having bronchial asthma.Methods:Cell subpopulations in BAL fluid were counted. BAL fluid levels of interleukin( IL)-4, -5, -13,-17, and -33 and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted were measuredusing a bead suspension array in 36 asthma patients (13 males, 23 females;mean age, 39.5±92.8 years)who were non-smokers, 18 asthma patients( 11 males, 7 females;mean age, 30.7±2.7 years) who were exor current smokers( Brinkman index( BI):1−399), and 10 asthma patients( 9 males, 1 female;mean age,50.2±5.5 years) who were current heavy smokers( BI:≥ 400). Relationships were assessed by Spearman'srank correlation analysis.Results:The number of lymphocytes in BAL cell subpopulations of non-smokers( 25±7×103/ml) weresignificantly (p<0.05) higher than those of heavy smokers (12±3×103 /ml). The number of neutrophilswas significantly( p<0.05) higher in heavy smokers( 18±9×103/ml) than in non-smokers( 4±2×103/ml).Levels of IL-33 and RANTES were significantly (P<0.05) higher in non-smokers (26.1±7.3 pg/ml and42.8±10.3 pg/ml, respectively) than in heavy smokers (13.7±4.5 pg/ml and 27.4±5.4 pg/ml, respectively).In addition, the levels of IL-33 and RANTES in non-smokers were significantly( P<0.05) higher in atopicasthma patients (33.0±9.8 pg/ml and 47.8±14.0 pg/ml, respectively) than in non-atopic asthma patients(9.1±3.8 pg/ml and 29.5±7.8 pg/ml, respectively). A good correlation was noted between RANTES andlymphocytes (R=0.365, P<0.05) or IL-33 (R=0.561, P<0.05) in atopic asthma patients who were nonsmokers.Conclusions:Differences in the cell types of BAL fluid, as well as in the levels of IL-33 and RANTES inasthma patients with or without smoking, might reflect pathogenesis.Originaljournal articl
Gemini 3D spectroscopy of BAL + ΙR + Fe QSOs – Ι. Decoupling the BAL, QSO, starburst, NLR, supergiant bubbles and galactic wind in MRK 231
No full textIn this paper we present the first results of a study of BALQSOs (at lowand high redshift), based on very deep Gemini GMOS integral field spectroscopy. In particular, the results obtained for the nearest BAL IR–QSO Mrk 231 are presented. For the nuclear region of Mrk 231, the QSO and host galaxy components were modelled, using a new technique of decoupling 3D spectra. From this study, the following main results were found: (i) in the pure host galaxy spectrum an extreme nuclear starburst component was clearly observed, as a very strong increase in the flux, at the blue wavelengths; (ii) the BAL system I is observed in the spectrum of the host galaxy; (iii) in the clean/pure QSO emission spectrum, only broad lines were detected. 3D GMOS individual spectra (specially in the nearinfrared
Ca II triplet) and maps confirm the presence of an extreme and young nuclear starburst (8 < age < 15 Myr), which was detected in a ring or toroid with a radius r = 0.3 arcsec ∼200 pc, around the core of the nucleus. The extreme continuum blue component was detected only to the south of the core of the nucleus. This area is coincident with the region where we previously suggested that the galactic wind is cleaning the nuclear dust. Very deep 3D spectra and maps clearly showthat theBALsystems I and II – in the strong ‘absorption lines’ Na Dλ5889–95 and Ca Kλ3933 – are extended (reaching ∼1.4–1.6 arcsec ∼1.2–1.3 kpc, from the nucleus) and clearly elongated at the position angle (PA) close to the radio jet PA, which suggest that the BAL systems I and II are ‘both’ associated with the radio jet. The physical properties of the four expanding nuclear bubbles were analysed, using the GMOS 3D spectra and maps. In particular, we found strong multiple LINER/OF emissionline systems and Wolf–Rayet features in the main knots of the more external super bubble S1 (r = 3.0 kpc). The kinematics of these knots – and the internal bubbles – suggest that they are associated with an area of rupture of the shell S1 (at the south-west). In addition, in the more internal superbubble S4 and close to the core of the nucleus (for r < 0.7 arcsec ∼ 0.6 kpc), two similar narrow emission-line systems were detected, with strong [S ] and [O ] emission and ΔV ∼ −200 km s⁻¹
Au p'tit bal de mai / R. Denoncin, Jack Ledru, comp. ; Émile Prud'homme et son ensembleLes lampions du bal / Maurice Méry, comp. ; Émile Prud'homme et son ensemble
No full textComprend : Au p'tit bal de mai / R. Denoncin, Jack Ledru, comp. ; Émile Prud'homme et son ensemble ; Les lampions du bal / Maurice Méry, comp. ; Émile Prud'homme et son ensembleBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Correlation between Bronchoalveolar Lavage (Bal) Fluid Cell Lysate Histamine Content and Bal Fluid Eosinophil Count in Atopic and Nonatopic Asthmatics
No full textpeer reviewedWe have compared the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) cellular composition and the BAL cell lysate histamine content (fluorometric assay) in 28 stable mild to moderate asthmatics (atopic n = 18 and intrinsic n = 10) and 11 control subjects. When compared to control subjects, the whole group of asthmatics had a higher proportion of BAL eosinophils (p < 0.01) and metachromatic cells (p < 0.05). The BAL cell lysate histamine was increased in atopic (p < 0.05) and intrinsic asthmatics (p < 0.05) in comparison with control subjects. In the whole group of asthmatics, the BAL cell lysate histamine content correlated with the percentage of BAL eosinophils (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). This relationship was significant in both atopic (r = 0.48, p < 0.05) and intrinsic (r = 0.70, p < 0.05) asthmatics. For the whole group of asthmatics, both the BAL cell lysate histamine and the percentage of BAL eosinophils inversely correlated with the percent predicted FEV1 (r = -0.42, p < 0.05; r = -0.51, p < 0.05). We conclude that an increased BAL cell lysate histamine content correlates with airway eosinophilic infiltration and lung function impairment in mild to moderate atopic and intrinsic asthmatics. This suggests that BAL mast cells play a key role in recruiting eosinophils in the airways of asthmatics irrespective of the presence of an atopic status
Elusive Tactics: Urban Youth Navigating the Aftermath of War in Burundi
No full textAbbink, G.J. [Promotor]Reis, R. [Promotor]Bal, E.W. [Copromotor
Advancing the Science of Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT): Testing for Better Safety Evaluation
No full textBal-Price AK, Coecke S, Costa L, Crofton KM, Fritsche E, Goldberg A, Grandjean P, Lein PJ, Li A, Lucchini R, Mundy WR, Padilla S, Persico A, Seiler AEM, Kreysa J. Conference Report: Advancing the Science of Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT) Testing for Better Safety Evaluation. Altex 2012: 29: 202-15
気管支喘息における気管支肺胞洗浄液中の細胞成分に対する加齢および副腎皮質ホルモンの影響
No full textEffects of aging and glucocorticoid therapy on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, particularly lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils, were examined in 81 patients
with asthma.
1. The proportion of BAL lymphocytes tended to increase with aging in asthmatics under age 69 years, and the proportion was significantly higher in patients with asthma between the ages of 60 and 69 than in those under age 39 and between the ages of 40 and 49.
2. The proportions of BAL neutrophils and eosinophils were not related to aging.
3. The proportion of BAL lymphocytes was higher in patients without glucocorticoid therapy than in those with steroid-dependent intractable asthma (SOIA) in those under age 69 years. In patients between the ages of 50 and 59, the proportion of BAL lymphocytes was significantly higher in patients without glucocorticoids than in those with SOIA.
4. The proportion of BAL neutrophils was higher in patients without glucocorticoid therapy than in those with SOIA, and the difference was significant in patients between the ages of 60 and 69.
5. The proportion of BAL eosinophils was not related to glucocorticoid therapy. These results suggest that the proportion of BAL lymphocytes and neutrophils is affected by aging and glucocorticoid therapy, but not BAL eosinophils.気管支喘息81例を対象に,気管支肺胞洗浄(BAL)液中の細胞成分,特にリンパ球,好中球および好酸球に対する加齢および副腎皮質ホルモ
ンの影響について検討を加えた｡
1.BAL液中のリンパ球頻度は,69才以下の症例では加齢とともに増加する傾向を示し,60-69才の年齢層では,39才以下および40-49才の年齢層の症例に比べ有意に高い値を示した｡
2.BAL液中の好中球および好酸球頻度と加齢との間には関連が見られなかった｡
3.BAL液中のリンパ球頻度は,69才以下の症例では,ステロイド依存性重症難治性喘息(SDIA)に比べ,ステロイド非使用例で有意に高い値を示し,50-59才の年齢層ではその差は有意であった｡
4.BAL液中好中球頻度は,ステロイド非使用例に比べSDIA症例において高い値を示し,60-69才の年齢層ではその差は有意であった｡
5.BAL液中好酸球頻度は,ステロイド使用の有無との関連は見られなかった｡これらの結果は,BAL液中リンパ球および好中球頻度は加齢や副腎皮質ホルモン投与の影響を受けるが,BAL液中好酸球額度には影響しないことを示唆している
TCR usage and cytokine expression in peripheral blood and BAL T cells
No full textT cells are thought to play an important regulatory role in atopic asthma. We hypothesized that human blood and BAL T cell subsets bearing various TCR-V? genes might show selective differences in their cytokine profile. Peripheral blood (PB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) T cells from seven atopic asthmatic and six non-atopic non-asthmatic subjects were stimulated with PMA and ionomycin in the presence of monensin and analysed for TCR-V? expression and production of cytokines at the single cell level. The percentage of IFN-?- and IL-2-producing BAL T cells was elevated compared with PB T cells from both the asthmatic subjects and the non-atopic, non-asthmatic controls. A small percentage of PB and BAL T cells produced IL-4 and IL-5, in asthmatic and normal subjects. In peripheral blood, the percentage of T cells expressing each cytokine was similar in the various TCR-V? subsets and in total CD3+ T cells in all normal and six of seven asthmatic subjects. However, there was a substantial degree of heterogeneity in the cytokine profile of BAL TCR-V? subsets compared with the total CD3+ T cells. This was more obvious in the asthmatic subjects with a reduction in the percentage of IFN-?- and IL-2-expressing T cells (five of seven asthmatic subjects) and an increase in the percentage of IL-4- and IL-5-expressing T cells (two of seven asthmatic subjects). These data confirm previous findings of an elevated proportion of IFN-?- and IL-2-producing BAL T cells while only a small proportion of PB and BAL T cells produce IL-4 and IL-5. Moreover, subsets of BAL T cells, defined by their TCR-V? usage, may differ in their cytokine profile compared with the total CD3+ T cells, implying that T cells expressing different V? elements may play different roles in regulating the airway inflammation in asthma
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