1,229 research outputs found
Exploring adaptation with evolutionary activity plots
No full textEvolutionary activity statistics and their visualization are introduced, and their motivation is explained. Examples of their use are described, and their strengths and limitations are discussed. References to more extensive or general accounts of these techniques are provided
Nutrient Utilization in Pigs and Chicks Treated With Lipopolysaccharide: Lysine, Threonine, Arginine, Sulfur Amino Acids and Vitamin E
No full textIt is becoming commonly accepted that reductions in feed intake, lean muscle accretion, and growth in immunologically challenged animals result from increased cytokine activity, but this has not been directly tested. As a first step towards addressing this issue, crossbred barrows and gilts (11.6 kg BW) were injected with either saline or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) following 12 h of feed deprivation. Immunological stress was induced by LPS as indicated by increased plasma levels of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor- (TNF- and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the catabolic hormone cortisol. The increased secretion of cortisol in pigs injected with LPS was followed by an increase in protein degradation, as evidenced by plasma urea nitrogen values that were increased two- and three-fold at 8 and 12 h after LPS injection. It is apparent that nutrient deficiencies or excesses can affect the immune response of LPS-challenged animals. Severe dietary deficiencies of lysine, threonine or arginine ameliorated the negative effects of LPS in chicks. In addition, pigs receiving high levels of D--tocopherol (600 mg i.m. per day for 3 days) had lower peak levels of IL-6 and cortisol following LPS administration than pigs not receiving supplementary -tocopherol. Several chick assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of repeated LPS injections on the requirements for and the utilization of lysine, threonine and arginine. In general, these studies demonstrated that stimulation of the immune system by multiple injections of LPS reduces performance and decreases the absolute quantity of amino acids required for maximal protein accretion. The decreased need for amino acids is apparently due to a reduction in the chick's capacity to accrete protein, because LPS-injected chicks accreted less protein than saline-injected chicks. However, the concentration of dietary amino acids required to maximize performance was generally unaffected by immunological stress, as the reductions in feed and amino acid intake associated with LPS administration were proportional to the decreased need for amino acids in these chicks. The efficiency with which lysine, threonine and arginine were utilized for whole-body protein accretion was not altered by LPS administration.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T21:08:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1998Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 84929
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Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only163 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1998
Ohio State University Law Class 1921 (group pose)
No full textFaculty: Adams, John J., Dean; Students: Beeman, Matthew G.; Bowers, Cary; Brown, Barrett F.; George, Jesse K.; Heald, Howard F.; Huston, Ernest H.; Landis, George E.; McNamara, J. Dale; Morton, E. Searles; Orr, Walter Albert; Overturf, Wayne; Paulin, Seth; Peiros, David A. ; Porter, W. Glover; Pretzman, Allen I.; Putnam, David W.; Roberts, Raymond H.; Spira, Frank; Vogelsang, Fre
A narrative of Augusta Baker's early life and her work as a children's librarian within the New York Public Library system
No full text"Augusta Braxston Baker (1911-1998) was a Black American librarian whose tenure within the New York Public Library (NYPL) system lasted for more than thirty years. This study seeks to shed light upon Baker’s educational trajectory, her career as a children’s librarian at NYPL's 135th Street Branch, her work with Black children’s literature, and her enduring legacy. Baker's narrative is constructed through the use of primary source materials, secondary source materials, and oral history interviews. The research questions which guide this study include: 1) How did Baker use what Yosso described as ""community cultural wealth"" throughout her educational trajectory and time within the NYPL system? 2) Why was Baker’s bibliography on Black children’s books significant? and 3) What is her lasting legacy? This study uses historical research to elucidate how Baker successfully navigated within the predominantly White world of librarianship and established criteria for identifying non-stereotypical children’s literature about Blacks and Black experiences."Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-05-01The student, Regina Carter, accepted the attached license on 2016-04-15 at 10:05.The student, Regina Carter, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-04-15 at 10:28.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-04-18 at 14:17.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9236 on 2016-07-07 at 13:49:21Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T20:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2016-04-18Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93112
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93112
Lift date: 2018-07-07T20:35:34Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 93112 on 2018-07-08T09:15:33Z
Dietary Methionine and Lysine Utilization by Chicks as Influenced by Coccidial Infection and Drug Therapy
No full textSeveral chick growth assays were conducted to investigate interactions between ionophorous anticoccidial drugs and dietary factors in both healthy and coccidial-infected chicks. The ionophores studied were monensin and narasin, and the dietary factors were L-lysineHCl, L-arginine, DL-methionine, protein level and source as well as dietary electrolyte balance. Digestibility and bioavailability of crystalline L-lysineHCl were also studied. Coccidial infection was produced via crop intubation of sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina or Eimeria tenella.Diets containing either monensin, roxarsone, or the combination of the two were fed to chicks for 15 minutes or for 1, 3, 5, or 8 days prior to a E. tenella challenge. Feeding monensin for 15 minutes or roxarsone for 1 day prior to challenge was sufficient to prevent morbidity.Investigations conducted to assess the effects of monensin supplementation on lysine and arginine utilization in healthy chicks indicated that neither lysine nor arginine utilization is impaired by monensin.A crystalline amino acid diet severely deficient in lysine was fed to chicks to define the gain and feed efficiency response elicited when chicks are infected with Eimeria acervulina. At day 6 after inoculation commenced, gain and gain/feed of chicks infected with E. acervulina exceeded that of the uninfected control chicks. The growth response due to E. acervulina in lysine-deficient chicks was maintained throughout a 14-day post inoculation period while depressions in growth occurred in lysine-adequate chicks.The effects of supplemental narasin on nutrient utilization were investigated in chicks infected with E. acervulina. Supplemental narasin improved weight gain and feed efficiency of infected chicks. Based on slope-ratio methodology, L-lysine utilization was the same in both narasin-fed and control chicks. Neither protein level, protein source, nor dietary electrolyte balance had any effect on the narasin response in infected chicks.L-lysineHCl was observed to be 100% absorbed by cecectomized adult cockerels. Also, L-lysineHCl was found to be 100% bioavailable as established in chick growth trials in which crop intubated lysine was compared to intraperitoneally-injected lysine. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T21:01:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
8815361.pdf: 4081092 bytes, checksum: 1a9a15c20a1cce9bb3abc3f7c9e39ddb (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1988Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 70224
Lift date: Forever
Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only112 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1988
Maintenance Requirements and Efficiency of Utilization of Protein, Threonine, Lysine and Sulfur Amino Acids in Chicks Fed Diets Based on Crystalline Amino Acids or Soybean Meal
No full textBroiler chicks were fed chemically defined crystalline amino acid diets containing graded levels of either L-threonine (Thr), L-lysine·HCl (Lys), DL-methionine (Met), or L-cystine (Cys) during the period 10 to 20-d posthatching. At least six doses of the limiting amino acid representing from 5 to 95% of its ideal level for maximal weight gain and feed efficiency were included as treatments. Other amino acids were maintained at minimized excess levels that were 15% (of ideal) above the various doses of the limiting amino acid. Following 10 d of feeding and a 24-h fast, chicks were killed for whole-body protein and amino acid analysis. Using pen accretion means, protein accretion and accretion of the limiting amino acid were linear functions of intake of the limiting amino acid from 5 to 95% of ideal for Thr and Lys and from 5 to 70% of ideal for Met and sulfur amino acids (SAA). Slope of the limiting amino acid accretion line indicated 82% of Thr was recovered in whole-body protein, 79% of Lys, 68% of Met, and when calculated together 52% of SAA. Maintenance requirements for zero accretion of the limiting amino acids were, as follows: Thr, 45.7 mg/d per kg0.75; Lys, 89.1 mg/d per kg 0.75; and SAA, 15.3 mg/d per kg0.75. Maintenance requirements for zero protein accretion of the limiting amino acids were all lower: Thr, 39.2 mg/d per kg0.75; Lys, 6.9 mg/d per kg 0.75; and SAA, 9.4 mg/d per kg0.75. As doses of the limiting amino acid increased in the diet, whole-body concentrations of other indispensable amino acids increased whereas glycine and proline tended to decrease. Protein quality evaluation of soybean meal (62.7% CP) processed from a genetically modified high protein soybean revealed an increase in all essential amino acids, and amino acid digestibility values were comparable to a soybean meal (47.5% CP) processed from a conventional soybean variety. Results of this study indicated that the high protein soybean meal has considerable advantages over conventional soybean meal as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T21:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1999Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 84934
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Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only99 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1999
Manufacturing of glass-fiber-reinforced dicyclopentadiene-matrix composites via frontal polymerization
No full textThe student, Sagar Ketan Vyas, accepted the attached license on 2020-03-05 at 10:28.A homogenized reaction-diffusion model is used to study the mechanism of frontal polymerization in glass-fiber-reinforced dicyclopentadiene-matrix composites by studying the effects of the material properties of the reinforcing phase on the velocity, temperature, and width of the reaction front. This model is also nondimensionalized and expressed in a general form in terms of two nondimensional parameters dependent on the material properties and cure kinetics of the composite system. The general nature of this formulation is exploited to generate a large dataset of reaction front velocities for resin chemistries that are similar to dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), which serves as the reference resin in this work. Finally, the homogenized reaction-diffusion model is used to investigate the temperature spike that occurs when two reaction fronts merge. A method to estimate the energy associated with the thermal spike is developed and applied to size a metal heat sink introduced to eliminate the thermal spike.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01The student, Sagar Ketan Vyas, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-03-05 at 11:12.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-03-09 at 16:11.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14886 on 2020-08-25 at 17:26:55Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-26T23:51:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2020-03-09Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115698
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115698
Lift date: 2022-08-26T23:54:40Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115698
Lift date: 2022-08-26T23:55:59Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115698
Lift date: 2022-08-26T23:57:28Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115698
Lift date: 2022-08-26T23:58:55Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Onl
Efficacy of an Escherichia Coli Phytase for Improving Mineral Utilization in Pigs and Chickens
No full textA number of experiments were conducted to determine the phosphorus (P)-releasing efficacy of a new E. coli-derived phytate, (EcoPhos(TM), Phytex LLC, Portland, ME) expressed in yeast for both young chickens and pigs using standard-curve methodology. This phytate, was cloned from an E. coli strain isolated from pig colon and it exhibited low amino acid sequence homology to the A. ficuum phytate, (Natuphos RTM, BASF, Mt. Olive, NJ), low pH optimum (2.5 to 3.5), low K m for sodium phytate, and a high degree of resistance to the gastric protease pepsin (cf. Rodriguez et al., 1999). Linear (P 0.10) to that from 0.10% iP supplementation. Utilization of standard-curve methodology showed that 5,000 and 10,000 FTU/kg of EcoPhos(TM) produced bone ash responses that were greater ( P < 0.05) than those obtained with 0.20% iP supplementation. The latter results suggested that between 70 to 100% of P in corn- and SBM-derived phytate was released. The P-releasing efficacy of EcoPhos(TM) was reduced (P < 0.05) approximately 30% by 1,500 mg/kg of supplemental Zn. These data show that EcoPhos(TM) markedly improves P bioavailability in pigs and chickens.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T21:08:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2003Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 84841
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Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only134 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2003
Phytase and 1(alpha)-Hydroxycholecalciferol: Their Role in Improving Nutrient Bioavailability in Chickens and Pigs
No full textThe mechanism by which hydroxylated vitamin D\sb3 compounds improve mineral utilization in chickens was evaluated using a variety of methodologies. In chicks fed vitamin D\sb3-adequate and P-deficient diets, supplemental 1-OH D\sb3 was unable to improve nonphytate-P utilization (). In another assay, duodenal mucosal cells from chicks fed P-deficient diets, with or without supplemental 1-OH D\sb3, were obtained and analyzed for intestinal phytase activity. Chicks fed supplemental 1-OH D\sb3 had significantly higher bone ash values () the specific activity of intestinal phytase in the duodenal mucosal tissue of chicks. Cecectomized chicks also were utilized to determine the role of microbially-produced phytase in the response to hydroxylated vitamin D\sb3 compounds. Bone ash responses to 1-OH D\sb3 and phytase supplementation were nearly identical in both cecectomized and sham-operated birds, indicating an insignificant role of the cecal microflora in the phytate-P releasing activity of 1-OH D\sb3. In conclusion, the marked phytate-P releasing capacity of dietary 1-OH D\sb3 and 1,25-(OH)\sb2 D\sb3 is apparently not caused by increased intestinal phytase activity.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T21:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1997Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 84914
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Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only126 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1997
Interrelationships Among Sulfur Amino Acids, Choline and Betaine in the Chicken: Effects on Betaine-Homocysteine Methyltransferase Activity, Homocysteine Utilization and Choline Bioavailability
No full textChick assays (10 to 22-d-old chicks) were conducted to determine choline bioavailability in fluid lecithin (FL), deoiled lecithin (DL), soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM) and peanut meal (PM). A basal diet containing soy protein isolate and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (an inhibitor of choline biosynthesis) was severely deficient in choline, and weight gain of chicks fed this diet responded to choline, but not methionine or betaine. In Assay 1, weight gain of chicks increased linearly affected by severely overheating the oilseed meals. Combined estimates indicated bioavailable choline levels were 87, 27 and 77% of analytically determined total choline levels in SBM, CM and PM, respectively. Three chick assays were conducted to determine effects of dietary changes on hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) activity. In Assay 1, use of a methionine-deficient purified diet caused a 3-fold increase in BHMT activity, and addition of choline or betaine further increased activity. In Assay 2, use of a methionine-deficient corn-peanut meal diet increased BHMT activity relative to methionine-supplemented chicks, and activity was increased further by addition of surfeit choline to the basal diet. The additive effect of methionine deficiency and surfeit choline or betaine was observed again in Assay 3. Large increases in BHMT activity occur under methionine-deficient conditions, especially in the presence of excess choline or betaine.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T22:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1997Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 86253
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Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only149 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1997
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